US boiler and pressure vessel inspection requirements by state
State-by-state comparison of boiler and pressure vessel inspection requirements across all US states. Each record is one state with its inspection intervals by boiler type (power, low-pressure steam, hot water, unfired pressure vessel), accepted inspector qualifications (state, insurance, owner-user), residential and size/pressure exemptions, governing statute citation, and administering agency. Answers 'how often does Ohio require boiler inspections', 'which states accept insurance company inspections in lieu of state inspections', and 'are residential boilers exempt in my state'.
14 records where two or more sources state different values. Both sides are reproduced on the record page, each with its own source and quote.
The data
| State | Governing body | Statute citation | Power boiler inspection interval | Low-pressure boiler inspection interval | Pressure vessel inspection interval | Accepted inspector types | Exemptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alabama Department of Workforce | Alabama State Statutes, Title 25. Labor, Chapter 12. The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Act , Sections 25.12.1 through 25.12.22. | one annual internal and external inspection | one biennial inspection with an internal inspection every four years | one biennial inspection with an internal inspection at the discretion of the inspector | State deputy inspectors; insurance company inspectors holding a Certificate of Competency issued by the Secretary of Labor | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal control or under regulations of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 192 and 193; pressure vessels used for transportation and storage of compressed liquefied gases per US DOT specs; pressure vessels on vehicles under other state or federal authorities; air tanks on railroad rights-of-way; pressure vessels not exceeding 5 cubic feet/250 psig, 1-1/2 cubic feet/600 psig, or 6 inches inside diameter; pressure vessels with working pressure not exceeding 15 psig; water-containing vessels of 120 gallons or less; certain hot-water supply boilers not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons; boilers and pressure vessels operated and maintained for electricity production; boilers and pressure vessels operated as part of a manufacturing process; boilers or pressure vessels subject to OSHA standards; public utility boilers; autoclaves for sterilization; farm agricultural boilers; heating boilers in private residences or apartment houses of fewer than six family units; pressure vessels as parts of electrical circuit breakers or transformers; remote oil/gas lease pressure vessels; LP gas storage vessels under state fire marshal; air storage tanks not exceeding 16 cubic feet/120 gallons/250 psig; all pressure vessels associated with oil, natural gas, and related operations |
| Alaska | Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Mechanical Inspection Section | Alaska Statutes Title 18, Chapter 60 Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels 18.60.180 | certificate inspection annually; external inspection while under pressure, or internal inspection as warranted | certificate inspection every two years with an internal inspection every four years if construction permits | inspected internally and externally at intervals set by the Department of Labor and Workforce Development | Department inspector; insurance company inspectors (inspections accepted in lieu of department inspector); special inspector commission may be issued to insurance inspectors or owner/user inspectors holding a Certificate of Competency or commission issued by a state that has adopted the ASME Code | Boilers and unfired pressure vessels under federal regulation; unfired pressure vessels meeting US DOT requirements for shipment; air tanks on vehicles under other state authorities; air tanks on railroad rights-of-way; unfired pressure vessels of 5 cubic feet or less or inside diameter not exceeding 6 inches; unfired pressure vessels designed for pressure not exceeding 15 psi when not in places of public assembly; manually-fired miniature boilers as a hobby (volume less than 5 cubic feet, grate area less than 2 square feet); antique manually-fired boilers as a hobby; automatic utility hot-water heaters used for space heating not exceeding 120 gallons/210°F/150 psig/200,000 BTU/hr with tempering valve; farm agricultural boilers; steam and hot-water heating boilers in private residences or fewer than six families; unfired pressure vessels containing only cold water for domestic supply; unfired pressure vessels containing liquefied petroleum gas; unfired pressure vessels entirely full of water/hot-water supply boilers not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons; coil-type boilers below specified limits |
| Arizona | Industrial Commission of Arizona, Department of Safety and Health, Boiler & Elevator Safety Sections | Arizona Revised Statutes, Title 23. Labor, Article 11. Arizona Boiler Act , Sections 471 through 488. | annual internal certificate inspection and an external inspection while under operating conditions; triennial (36-month) internal inspection and annual external inspection when fully attended by qualified attendants per Arizona Boiler Rule, R20-5-408(C) | certificate inspection every two years; internal inspection where construction permits | Third party inspectors employed by National Board or ASME accredited companies and issued a special inspection certificate by the chief boiler inspector, accepted per A.R.S. 23-485 | Boilers, lined hot water heaters and pressure vessels regulated by the US government; boilers, lined hot water heaters and pressure vessels located in private residences, or apartment complexes less than six units; boilers, lined hot water heaters and pressure vessels operated on Indian reservations; lined (potable) hot-water heaters not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons | |
| Arkansas | Arkansas Department of Labor & Licensing, Boiler Inspection Division | Arkansas Code 20-23-101et seq.; and 5-64-1301 through 1303. | one annual internal inspection; one annual external inspection | one internal inspection every three years | every two years | Insurance company inspectors commissioned by the department (accepted in lieu of department inspector, except field inspections of anhydrous ammonia vessels); inspectors holding a National Board commission employed by insurance company, owner user organization or the State of Arkansas | Air tanks of 12 gallons or less containing 150 psi or less; boilers and unfired pressure vessels under Interstate Commerce Commission inspection regulations; boilers and unfired pressure vessels for domestic purposes in private dwellings and apartment houses of eight or fewer apartments; unfired pressure vessels with MAWP of 15 psi or less; unfired pressure vessels of 5 cubic feet or less or coil-type steam generators without accumulative drum; vessels for liquefied petroleum gas storage; hot-water heaters under 200,000 BTU per hour (except in hospitals, schools, day-care centers, nursing homes); hot-water supply storage tanks with heat input less than 200,000 BTU/hr, water temperature less than 210°F, nominal water-containing capacity less than 120 gallons; pressure vessels integral to mechanical devices; vessels for transporting fluids within a system; water-containing vessels of 120 gallons or less; boilers and vessels for oil, natural gas, or casinghead gas production/distribution/storage/transmission |
| California | Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Industrial Safety and Health | California Code of Regulations, Title 8. Chapter 4. Division of Industrial Safety, Subchapter 1. Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety , Sections 450 through 560; Subchapter 2. Boiler and Fired Pressure Vessel Safety , Sections 750 through 797. | one annual internal and external inspection (Exception: boilers in turbo-electric plants furnishing steam to a single turbine inspected internally at least once each 18 months); Title 8, Section 770 allows fired boilers to go up to three years without internal inspection after application and acceptance by the Pressure Vessel Unit | one inspection at least every three years for portable air tanks and five years for all other air tanks; LPG tanks on schedule by usage type (3–5 years) | Inspectors holding a valid Certificate of Competency issued by the division (accepted in lieu of Pressure Vessel Unit engineer); owner/user organization inspectors whose inservice programs have been approved by the Pressure Vessel Unit | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal inspection and control or exempted by the labor code; boilers on automobiles and road motor vehicles; boilers and unfired pressure vessels used in household service; air pressure tanks under US DOT, Public Utilities Commission, or Highway Patrol jurisdiction; unfired pressure vessels not subject to more than 15 psi; unfired pressure vessels with inside diameter not exceeding 6 inches; small power boilers with automatic controls not exceeding 100 sq ft heating surface, 16-inch inside diameter steam drums, 100 psi MAWP, 35-gallon water capacity, 400,000 BTU/hr input; LP gas cylinders per US DOT; air tanks of 1-1/2 cubic feet or less not exceeding 150 psi | |
| Chicago | The City of Chicago Boiler Bureau | Municipal Code of Chicago, Title 4, Chapter 344 | periodic internal and external inspections | periodic external inspections and internal inspections at the inspector's discretion | city-employed inspectors | ||
| Colorado | Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Oil and Public Safety - Boiler Section | Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 9. Safety — Industrial and Commercial, Article 4. Buildings and Equipment, Boiler Inspection . | certificate inspection annually; internal inspection annually (may be extended to triennially with prior approval from the Boiler Division) | certificate inspection biennially; external or internal inspection | ASME Code vessels bearing ASME Code stamping considered suitable; non-ASME Code pressure vessel must be certified by the Boiler Inspection Section | Insurance company inspectors commissioned by the division (accepted in lieu of division inspector, except first certificate inspection of new or reinstalled boiler must be by division inspector); owner/user inspection organizations approved by the director | Boilers owned or operated by the federal government; locomotive boilers of carriers subject to Federal Locomotive Inspection Act; boilers in private residences and apartment houses with fewer than six families; boilers in cities where city boiler inspectors and codes are comparable to state program; service and domestic-type water heaters not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 120 gallons, 210°F; vessels with operating pressure less than 15 psi; vessels with inside diameter not exceeding 6 inches; water-containing vessels with design pressure not exceeding 300 psi and temperature not exceeding 210°F; hot-water supply storage tanks heated by indirect means not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons; boilers and pressure vessels under federal control; locomotive boilers for personal hobby; any other pressure vessel exempted in scope of ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 |
| Connecticut | Department of Administrative Services, Bureau of Boilers, Office of the State Building Inspector, Division of Construction Services | Connecticut General Statutes, Chapter 540, Sections 29-231 through 29-244 . | one annual internal and external inspection; one annual external inspection under operating conditions not more than six months after the internal and external inspection (power boilers with internal water treatment under qualified engineer: internal and external inspection every eighteen months, plus external inspection under operating conditions not more than nine months after) | external biennially, with an internal at the discretion of the inspector | Insurance company inspectors commissioned by the department (accepted in lieu of department inspector) | Boilers under federal control; portable boilers used in pumping, heating, steaming, and drilling in the open field; portable boilers for agricultural purposes; steam-heating boilers, hot-water heaters, and hot-water heating boilers in private homes or apartment houses of not more than five families; hot-water heaters approved by a nationally recognized testing agency not exceeding 120 gallons/200,000 BTU per hour/160 psi/210°F (except in schools, day-care centers, hospitals, nursing or boarding homes, churches, or public buildings); antique or model boilers in nonprofit museums; public service companies as defined in Connecticut General Statutes Section 16-1 | |
| Delawaresources differ | The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control | Delaware Code, Title 7, Chapter 74B, Section 7401B | annual internal and external inspections, with external inspections conducted under pressure within six months of internal inspections | biennial external inspections | commissioned inspectors holding a National Board Inservice Inspector Commission (IS), commissioned insurance company inspectors, and National Board-369 accredited inspection agencies | ||
| Florida | Bureau of Fire Prevention, Boiler Safety Section, Division of the State Fire Marshal | Florida Statutes, Title 33. Regulations of Trade, Commerce, Investments and Solicitations, Chapter 554. Boiler Safety , Sections 101.1 through 115.0. | certificate inspection annually; external inspection while under pressure; internal inspection if the construction so permits | certificate inspection biennially; internal inspection if the construction so permits | Insurance companies required to do inservice inspections of all insured boilers in areas of public assembly; upon filing report of satisfactory inspection, boiler exempt from inspection by the Boiler Safety Program | Boilers and lined hot-water heaters under the control of the federal government; HLW hot-water supply boilers or lined storage water heaters directly fired with oil, gas, electricity, or solar energy not exceeding 400,000 BTU per hour, 210°F, 120 gallons | |
| Georgia | Office of Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioner | Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Title 25. Labor, Chapter 15 Article 2. Regulations of Boilers and Pressure Vessel Safety Act , Chapter 120-3-26. Georgia Boiler and Pressure Vessel Rules. | certificate inspection annually, internal inspection where construction permits, plus external inspection while under operating pressure | certificate inspection biennially with an internal inspection quadrennially where construction permits | triennial certificate inspection (if subject to internal corrosion); all others at intervals set by the board with at least a quadrennial certificate inspection | Insurance company inspectors commissioned by the department (accepted in lieu of department inspector); owner/user inspection organizations approved by the chief safety engineer | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal control; US DOT pressure vessels for transportation and storage of compressed or liquefied gases; unfired pressure vessels on vehicles under other state or federal agencies; air tanks on railroad rights-of-way; unfired pressure vessels not exceeding 5 cu ft/250 psig or 1-1/2 cu ft/600 psig or 6 inches inside diameter; unfired pressure vessels with working pressure not exceeding 15 psig; vessels with water/indirect heat not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons; boilers and pressure vessels operated and maintained by public utility; farm agricultural boilers; heating boilers or pressure vessels in private residences or apartment houses of fewer than six family units; pressure vessels as external parts of electrical circuit breakers or transformers; remote oil/gas production lease pressure vessels; LP gas storage vessels under state fire marshal; air storage tanks not exceeding 16 cubic feet/120 gallons/250 psig |
| Hawaii | Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Boiler and Elevator Inspection Branch | Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 397 Boiler and Elevator Safety Law . Hawaii Administrative Rules: Part 10, Boilers and Pressure Vessels. | annual internal or permit inspection; external inspection at approximately six-months after each internal (biennial internal inspections permitted for power boilers with continuous internal water treatment under qualified supervision upon approval of the director) | biennial external inspection and/or an internal inspection where construction permits (large steam heating boilers require annual internal inspection, and external inspection at approximately six-months after each internal) | biennial external inspection and/or internal inspection where construction permits | Insurance companies required to inspect all insured objects; inspection reports submitted within thirty days | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal inspection and control; unfired pressure vessels meeting US DOT requirements for transporting liquids or gases under pressure; containers for storage of liquefied compressed flammable gases under other agencies; unfired pressure vessels with nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gallons or less; hot-water supply boilers, hot-water heating boilers, and potable water heaters directly fired not exceeding 200,000 BTU/hr, 210°F, 120 gallons, 160 psi; unfired pressure vessels designed for pressure not exceeding 15 psig and 5 cubic feet in volume; pressure vessels not exceeding 5 cu ft/250 psi or 3 cu ft/350 psi or 1-1/2 cu ft/600 psig; unfired pressure vessels containing water and filtering material for irrigation; unfired pressure vessels for cold water storage; fired or self-contained sterilizers/steam generators/jacketed kettles/steam cookers not exceeding 3 kilowatts and 1-1/2 cubic feet; boilers in single family dwellings or fewer than six living units; unfired pressure vessels and piping containing LPG, LNG, refrigeration vessels, and liquid CO2 pressure vessels |
| Idaho | Idaho Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses, Industrial Safety Section | Insurance company (contact insurance company for regular inspections) | |||||
| Illinoissources differ | The Illinois Office of the State Fire Marshal | Illinois Compiled Statutes, Chapter 430, Subchapter 75, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Act | annual internal and external inspections while not under pressure, plus an annual external inspection while under pressure | biennial inspections | division inspectors, commissioned insurance company inspectors, and commissioned owner inspectors | ||
| Indianasources differ | Department of Homeland Security's Division of Fire and Building Safety | Indiana Administrative Code, Title 680 | annual internal and external certificate inspections, plus an annual external inspection while under pressure if possible | biennial certificate inspections conducted externally and internally, where construction permits | State-employed inspectors conduct all first inspections. For ongoing inspections, commissioned insurance inspectors when vessels are insured and commissioned owner inspection agency inspectors | ||
| Iowa | Department of Inspections, Appeals, & Licensing, Boilers & Pressure Vessel Inspection Bureau | Iowa Code Chapter 89; Iowa Administrative Code Chapters 481-390 through 481-395 | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the division are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a state inspector. | Section 89.4 identifies the objects that are exempted from section 89.3. | |||
| Kansas | Office of the State Fire Marshal | Kansas Statutes Annotated, Chapter 44. Labor and Industries, Kansas Boiler Safety Act, K.S.A 44-913 et. seq. | Annual certificate inspection (internal inspection); Annual external inspection while under pressure, if possible, at approximately a six-month interval from the certificate inspection. | Steam heating boilers: Annual certificate inspection; A triennial internal inspection where construction permits. Hot-water supply boilers: a triennial external certificate inspection (under 400,000 BTU per hour). Low-pressure hot-water supply boilers with heat input over 400,000 BTU: an annual external certificate inspection. | One-time inspection of new installations and the replacement of vessels 15 cubic feet and over constructed and installed after January 1, 1999. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and certified by the chief inspector are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a state inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels under the control of the US government. Fire engine boilers brought into the state for temporary use in times of emergency. Boilers and pressure vessels located on producing oil and gas leases or storage areas outside the limits of any municipality, used solely for oil and gas production purposes. Hot-water supply boilers which are directly fired with oil, gas, electricity, or solar energy and equipped with safety relief valves approved by the National Board and ASME, if none of the following limitations is exceeded: Heat input of 200,000 BTU per hour; Water temperature of 210°F; Nominal water capacity of 120 gallons. Pressure vessels constructed and installed prior to January 1, 1999. |
| Kentuckysources differ | Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction, Division of Plumbing | Kentucky Revised Statutes, Title XIX, Chapter 236.00, Sections .005 through .990 | annual internal and external inspections while not under pressure, plus annual external inspections while under pressure if possible | biennial internal and external inspections, where construction permits, with a two-month grace period allowed | Department inspectors conduct all new installation inspections. For ongoing inspections, commissioned insurance company inspectors | ||
| Louisiana | Louisiana State Fire Marshal Office, Mechanical Safety Section | Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 23, Chapter 5, Part III, Regulations Affecting Boilers | An annual external certificate inspection followed by an internal certificate inspection approximately six months after each external inspection. The interval between internal inspections may be extended for a period not to exceed 24 months on a stationary boiler provided certain conditions are met. Internal inspections may be extended up to 60 months on boilers that are adjunct to or part of a continuous process. | A certificate inspection will be conducted biennially: Steam or vapor boilers: An external inspection and internal inspection biennially where construction permits; Hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers: An external certificate inspection biennially, and – where construction permits — an internal inspection every six years based on date of construction; Potable water boilers/hot-water heaters: An external certificate inspection biennially. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by deputy boiler inspectors. | Boilers under federal control. Boilers on steam fire engines brought into the state for temporary use in times of emergency. Portable boilers used for agricultural purposes only. Boilers built for a pressure of 15 psig or less, for noncommercial use. All potable water boilers and hot-water heaters, except the provisions of the section shall not be applicable to Potable water boilers below one hundred twenty gallon capacity and less than two hundred thousand BTUs. | |
| Maine | Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Program, Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation | Maine Revised Statutes, Title 32. Professions and Occupations, Chapter 131. Boilers and Pressure Vessels, Sections 15101 through 15121. | One annual internal certificate inspection; One annual external inspection, in operation, approximately six months from the certificate inspection. | Low pressure steam heating boilers located in schoolhouses: one annual certificate inspection, which shall be an internal inspection every third year, with an external or internal inspection at the discretion of the inspector on the two intervening years. Low pressure hot-water supply boilers located in schoolhouses: one annual certificate inspection, which shall be an internal inspection where possible, every third year. Low pressure hot-water heating boilers located in schoolhouses: one annual certificate inspection, which shall be an internal inspection every third year, with an external inspection during the two intervening years. | Initial inspection shall be an external safety inspection; Renewal certificate inspections are completed once every 3 years and it shall be an internal where construction permits. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and licensed by the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Program are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal control. Boilers and pressure vessels used for agricultural purposes only. Boilers used solely for propelling motor road vehicles. Boilers of steam fire engines brought into the state for temporary use in times of emergency to check conflagrations. Low pressure steam heating boilers, hot water heating boilers, and hot-water supply boilers, except those located in schoolhouses or those used as process boilers. Pressure vessels used for the transportation and storage of compressed or liquefied gases when constructed in compliance with specifications of the US Department of Transportation. Pressure vessels located in private residences and apartment buildings with fewer than six apartments. Pressure vessels having an internal or external operating pressure not exceeding 15 psi. |
| Marylandsources differ | Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation's Safety Inspections Unit | Annotated Code of Maryland, Public Safety Article, Title 12, Subtitle 9 | annual internal inspections, where construction permits and annual external inspections performed while under pressure | biennial certificate inspections | commissioned special inspectors from insurance companies. The Commissioner may also commission qualified owner company inspectors upon request | ||
| Massachusetts | Department of Fire Services, Chief of Engineering Inspections | The General Laws of Massachusetts, Part I. Administration of the Government, Title 20. Public Safety and Good Order, Chapter 146. Inspection of Boilers, Air Tanks, etc. | One annual internal inspection; One annual external inspection with boiler in service at approximately a six-month interval from the internal inspection. | Hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers: One inspection annually; One internal inspection every three years where construction permits. | Air tanks: one internal inspection every two years. | Inspections, except first inspections, made by inspectors employed by Authorized Inspection Agencies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | All boilers, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, except when under the jurisdiction of the federal government. Heating boilers having less than 4 square feet grate surface; having a steam capacity less than 104 pounds per hour; used as a hot-water heating boiler with an output capacity less than 200,000 BTU per hour; used as a hot-water (or other liquid) supply boiler, having a heat input less than 200,000 BTU per hour, a water (or other liquid) temperature less than 200°F or a nominal water-containing capacity less than 120 gallons. Air tanks with inside diameter less than 6 inches; operating pressure less than 50 psi; or capacity less than 1 cubic foot. |
| Michigansources differ | Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs' Boiler Division | Michigan Compiled Laws, Skilled Trades Act of 2016, Sections 339.5901 through 339.5947 | annual certificate inspections and annual external inspections while under pressure within six months of the internal inspection | biennial certificate inspections, with a two-month grace period allowed | Department inspectors conduct all new and secondhand boiler inspections. For ongoing inspections, licensed inspectors from insurance companies | ||
| Minnesota | Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry, Construction Codes and Licensing Division, Boiler Division | Minnesota Statutes – 2023, Chapters 326B.93 to 326B.998, Boilers. Minnesota Rules – Chapter 5225. | Boilers and steam generators: one annual inspection. | Boilers and steam generators: one annual inspection. | Unfired pressure vessels: biennial inspection. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and holding a valid Certificate of Competency issued by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal control. Boilers and pressure vessels in buildings occupied solely for residential purposes with accommodations for not more than five families. Railroad locomotives. Air tanks installed on the right-of-way of railroads. Unfired pressure vessels having an internal or external working pressure not exceeding 15 psig. Pressure vessels having an inside diameter not exceeding 6 inches. Boilers or pressure vessels located on farms and used solely for agricultural or horticultural purposes. Tanks or cylinders used for storage or transfer of liquefied petroleum gases. Unfired pressure vessels in petroleum refineries. Hot-water heating and other hot-liquid boilers not exceeding a heat input of 750,000 BTU per hour. Hot-water supply boilers not exceeding a heat input of 200,000 BTU per hour, or potable water heaters not exceeding 200,000 BTU per hour or a nominal water capacity of 120 gallons. |
| Mississippi | Mississippi State Department of Health, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Branch | Mississippi Code, Title 45. Public Safety and Good Order, Chapter 23. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety. | Power boilers and high-pressure, high-temperature water boilers shall receive a certificate inspection annually (or as the board may require) and shall receive an annual external inspection while under pressure, if possible. | Heating boilers shall receive a certificate inspection biennially. | Pressure vessels subject to internal corrosion shall receive a certificate inspection biennially. Pressure vessels not subject to internal corrosion shall receive a certificate inspection at intervals set by the board. | Inspections made by insurance company inspectors commissioned by the board are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels located on US government property and/or under federal government control. Pressure vessels used for transportation and storage of compressed gases when constructed in compliance with specifications of the US Department of Transportation. Air tanks located on vehicles operating under the rules of other state authorities. Air tanks installed on the right-of-way of railroads. Pressure vessels that do not exceed: 5 cubic feet in volume and 250 psig pressure; 1-1/2 cubic feet in volume and 600 psig pressure; An inside diameter of 6 inches with no limitation on pressure. Pressure vessels operating at a working pressure not exceeding 15 psig. Vessels with a nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gallons or less. Heating boilers located in private residences or apartment houses of fewer than six family units. |
| Missouri | Division of Fire Safety, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Unit | Missouri Revised Statutes, Chapter 650. Department of Public Safety, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act, Sections 200 through 290. Rules of Department of Public Safety, Division 40, Chapter 2, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Rules. | An annual certificate inspection which shall be an internal inspection where construction permits; An annual external inspection while under normal operating conditions. | Low-pressure boilers and pressure vessels: A biennial certificate inspection: Steam or vapor boilers shall have an external inspection and an internal inspection biennially where construction permits; Hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers shall have an external inspection biennially and where construction permits, an internal inspection at the discretion of the inspector. | Pressure vessels shall have an external inspection biennially. | Inspectors employed by insurance companies and approved owner/user inspection agencies are accepted in lieu of inspections made by the department. | Water heaters, pool heaters, and hot-water supply boilers in which none of the following limitations is exceeded: A heat input of 200,000 BTU per hour; A water temperature of 210°F; A nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gallons. Hot-water storage tanks less than or equal to 120 gallons. Pressure vessels that have an internal volume of 6" or less. Pressure vessels that are 1 1/2 cu. ft. in volume or less. Pressure vessels that are operated at 15 psig or less. Pressure vessels that do not exceed either 200 psig or 10 cu. ft. in volume. |
| Montana | Department of Labor and Industry, Building Codes Bureau, Boiler, Elevator, Weights and Measures | Montana Code 2001, Title 50. Health and Safety, Chapter 60. Building Construction Standards and Chapter 74. Boiler and Steam Engines. | Steam heating and power boilers: annual internal inspection. All manually-fired boilers and all boilers and banks of boilers rated with a total input of 400,000 BTU per hour or greater: annual inspection. | All automatically fired boilers rated with an input of less than 400,000 BTU per hour: biennial inspection. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies may be accepted in lieu of inspections made by bureau inspectors as equivalent to those of the state inspectors. Each such special inspector shall hold a certificate as boiler inspector issued by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors. | Boilers under federal control. Steam-heating boilers operated at not over 15 psig in private residences or apartments of six or fewer families. Hot-water heating or supply boilers operated at not over 50 psig and temperatures not over 250°F when in private residences, or apartments of six or fewer families. | |
| Nebraska | Nebraska State Fire Marshal Agency, Boiler Inspection Division | Nebraska Revised Statutes, Boiler Inspection Act. Title 81, Sections 81-5,165 to 81-5,189. Nebraska Administrative Code, Title 229. Chapters 1 through 28. | Power boilers and high-pressure, high-temperature water boilers shall receive an internal inspection annually where construction permits and an external inspection while in operation, if possible; otherwise, it shall be as complete an inspection as possible. All jurisdictional boilers shall receive an annual external certificate inspection. | Steam or vapor boilers shall receive an external inspection annually to renew the certificate and an internal inspection biennially where construction permits. Pool heaters, spa heaters, hot water heating boilers and hot water supply boilers shall receive an external inspection annually to renew the certificate, and, where construction permits, an internal inspection every four years from the date of manufacturer's completion. | Pressure vessels subject to internal corrosion shall be inspected internally and externally biennially. Pressure vessels not subject to corrosion shall receive an external inspection biennially. Pressure vessels not subject to internal corrosion shall be inspected internally, where construction permits, quinquennially (every five years). | Inspections made by Special Inspectors employed by National Board Accredited Authorized Inspection Agencies are accepted in lieu of inspections made by an agency inspector. | Boilers under federal jurisdiction and control. Boilers of railway locomotives subject to federal inspection. Boilers operated and regularly inspected by railway companies operating in interstate commerce. Boilers used exclusively for agricultural purposes. Steam-heating boilers in single family residences and apartment houses with four or fewer units, using a pressure of less than 15 psi. Heating boilers using water in single family residences and apartment houses with four or fewer units, using a pressure of less than 30 psi. Fire engine boilers brought into the state for temporary use in times of emergency. Hot-water supply boilers and water heaters if none of the following limitations is exceeded: 200,000 BTU per hour of input; 120 gallons of nominal capacity; or 210°F output. Unfired pressure vessels not exceeding 5 cubic feet in volume or a pressure of 250 psi. |
| Nevada | Department of Business & Industry, Division of Industrial Relations, Mechanical Compliance Section | Nevada Administrative Code, Title 455C. Boilers, Elevators, and Pressure Vessels | One annual internal inspection; One annual external inspection at approximately a six-month interval from the internal inspection. | Low-pressure steam heating boilers: one annual external inspection. Where design and construction permit, an internal inspection shall be conducted biennially. Hot-water heating boilers and hot-water supply boilers: one internal inspection biennially if design and construction permit and inspector/special inspector requests it or external including operational testing of all controls and safety devices. Lined potable water heaters: one biennial external inspection including operational testing of all controls and safety devices. | Mechanical Compliance Section jurisdiction: One external inspection quadrennially; internal if design and construction permit. Mine Section jurisdiction: One external inspection triennially; internal if design and construction permit. | An inspection made by a special inspector (employed by an inspection entity), holding a Certificate of Competency received from the division, is accepted in lieu of an inspection made by a Jurisdictional inspector. | Objects meeting exemption rules per NAC 455C.114 |
| New Hampshire | New Hampshire Department of Labor | New Hampshire Revised Statutes, Annotated and Administrative Rules, New Hampshire Department of Labor, Title 12. Public Safety and Welfare, Chapter 157-A. Boilers and Pressure Vessels, Sections A1 through A14. | One annual certificate inspection; One annual external inspection while under pressure, if possible. | one biennial certificate inspection, with an internal inspection at least once quadrennially where construction permits | one biennial certificate inspection | Inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Properties used exclusively as private residences or apartment houses of fewer than three family units. Properties used exclusively as private residences or apartment houses with three or more family units with an output of less than 200,000 BTU per hour. |
| New Jerseysources differ | Department of Labor and Workforce Development's Mechanical Inspection Bureau | New Jersey State Statutes, Title 34, and Administrative Code 12:90 | annual internal and external inspections | annual external inspections and biennial internal inspections | commissioned inspectors from authorized agencies who hold a Certificate of Competency. The state also recognizes API and National Board owner-user inspection programs | ||
| New Mexico | Regulation and Licensing Department, Construction Industries Division | New Mexico Administrative Code, Title 14. Housing and Construction, Chapter 9. Mechanical Codes, Part 4. Boilers. | An annual external inspection; An annual internal inspection, where construction permits. | A biennial external inspection; An internal inspection if need indicates. (Applies to low-pressure steam boilers and low-pressure, hot-water heating boilers, and hot-water supply boilers.) | Any inspection agency, authorized by the National Board, licensed to sell boiler or pressure vessel insurance in New Mexico, and insuring a boiler located in the state is required to inspect. Insurance company inspectors must hold a National Board Commission and be commissioned by the state. | Public utilities, rural electric cooperatives, mine processing, refinery processing, gas processing, and lumber industries (sawmill only). Listed and approved potable water heaters when heat input does not exceed 200,000 BTU per hour, water temperature does not exceed 250°F and 160 psi pressure, and nominal water-containing capacity does not exceed 120 gallons. | |
| New Yorksources differ | New York Department of Labor's Boiler Safety Bureau | New York State Laws, Labor, Chapter 31, Article 7, Section 204 | annual internal and external inspections, with external inspections conducted approximately six months after internal inspections | triennial internal inspections and biennial external inspections (steam); internal inspections every five years and biennial external inspections (hot-water) | commissioned insurance company inspectors and National Board-commissioned shop inspectors | ||
| New York Citysources differ | New York City Department of Buildings | New York State Industrial Code Rules 4 and 14 | annual internal and external inspections (steam); annual external inspections and triennial internal inspections (hot-water) | annual external inspections and triennial internal inspections (steam); annual external inspections and internal inspections every five years (hot-water) | Department inspectors conduct all first inspections. For subsequent inspections, commissioned insurance inspectors. Local Law 62/91 also permits NYC-licensed master plumbers, oil burner installers, and high-pressure boiler operators to conduct annual low-pressure inspections | ||
| North Carolina | Department of Labor, Boiler Safety Bureau | North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 95, Article 7A, and North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 13, Chapter 13. | High-pressure boilers: Internal 1 Year, External 1 Year. | Low-pressure boilers and pressure vessels: External 2 Years. | Low-pressure boilers and pressure vessels: External 2 Years. Hydropneumatic storage tanks: External 4 Years. | Inspections made by "Special" inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the Commissioner are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a State deputy inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels owned and/or operated by the federal government. Boilers and pressure vessels which are located in private residences or in apartment houses of fewer than six families. Pressure vessels operating at a working pressure not exceeding 15 psig. |
| North Dakota | North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality, Boiler Inspection Program | North Dakota Statutes, Title 23.1. Environmental Quality, Chapter 23.1-16. Boiler Inspection, Sections 1 through 14. | High-pressure boilers: Internal 1 Year, External 1 Year (while under pressure). | Low-pressure steam boilers, steel: Internal 2 Years, External 2 Years. Low-pressure steam boilers, cast-iron: External 1 Year. Hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers: External 3 Years (one annual external inspection for those located in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, nursery schools, and kindergartens). | Field inspection of pressure vessels (other than anhydrous ammonia pressure vessels) is not required. | Inspections made by inspectors employed by National Board approved Authorized Inspection Agencies and commissioned by the department are accepted. Inspections made by inspectors employed by owners/users and commissioned by the department are accepted. | Boilers and pressure vessels subject to federal inspection or under federal control. Boilers and pressure vessels located on farms and used solely for agricultural purposes. Heating boilers which are located in private residences or in apartment houses of fewer than six family units. Miniature hobby boilers not exceeding an inside diameter of 10 inches and a grate area not exceeding 1-1/2 square feet. |
| Ohiosources differ | Ohio Department of Commerce's Division of Industrial Compliance | Ohio Revised Code, Title 41, Chapter 4104 | annual internal and external inspections while operating | triennial internal inspections and annual external inspections under operating conditions | commissioned inspectors from authorized insurance companies | ||
| Oklahoma | Department of Labor, Safety Standards Division | Oklahoma State Statutes, Title 40. Labor, Oklahoma Boiler and Pressure Vessel Law, Sections 141.0 through 141.20 and Administrative Rules 380:25. | Power boilers and high-temperature, high-pressure boilers: Internal 1 Year, External 1 Year (under pressure). | Low-pressure steam and vapor heating boilers: Internal 2 Years, External 1 Year. Hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers: Internal at the discretion of the inspector, External 1 Year. | Pressure vessels subject to internal corrosion: Internal 3 Years, External 3 Years. Pressure vessels not subject to internal corrosion: Internal 10 Years, External 3 Years. | Inspections made by insurance company inspectors may be accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector, provided a photostatic copy of the inspector's National Board Certificate is furnished to the department and the inspector is authorized by the commissioner of labor. | Pressure vessels not exceeding 15 cubic feet in volume and 250 psig. Low-pressure steam boilers, hot-water heating boilers, hot-water supply boilers, hot-water supply heaters, or pressure vessels located in private residences or in apartment houses of fewer than six family units. Pressure vessels on remote sites limited to oil- and natural gas-gathering facilities, processing plants or gas-producing lease locations. |
| Oregon | Department of Consumer and Business Services, Building Codes Division, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Group | Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 11, Title 38. Protection from Fire, Chapter 480. Explosives, Flammable Materials, Pressure Vessels, Sections 510 through 990. | Power Boilers: Internal 1 Year, External 1 Year. | Low-pressure steam and vapor-heating boilers: Internal 2 Years, External 2 Years. Cast-iron boilers: External 2 Years. Low-pressure hot-water heating and hot-water supply boilers: Internal 6 Years, External 2 Years. | Pressure vessels subject to internal corrosion: Internal 2 Years, External 2 Years. Pressure vessels not subject to internal corrosion: External 2 Years. Pressure vessels containing anhydrous ammonia intended for use as a fertilizer: External 3 Years. | Inspections made by special boiler inspectors holding a valid Oregon Certificate of Competency from the Building Codes Division and continuously employed by insurance companies authorized to write boiler and machinery insurance in the state are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a deputy boiler inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal control. Domestic water heaters not exceeding 120 gallons, 210°F, 150 psig, and 200,000 BTU per hour. Boilers operated at less than 15 psig located on farms and used solely for agricultural purposes. Boilers or pressure vessels used in a single private residence (exempt from subsequent inspections after installation). Pressure vessels operated at less than 15 psig. |
| Pennsylvaniasources differ | Department of Labor and Industry's Boiler Division | Pennsylvania Code No. 104, Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel Law, Sections 1 through 17 | annual internal and external inspections, though internal inspections may be extended to 24 months if specific criteria are met | biennial internal or external inspections | commissioned inspectors from authorized insurance companies and registered owner inspection agencies | ||
| Puerto Rico | Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Department of Labor and Human Resources, P.R. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (PR OSHA), Boiler and Elevator Division | Regulation Number 17 of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety & Health, Regulation of Boilers and Pressure Vessels | One annual internal; One annual external and operational. | One annual internal; One annual external and operational. | One annual internal; One annual external and operational. | Inspections are made by private inspectors and inspectors employed by insurance companies authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Human Resources. (Department of Labor and Human Resources does not make inspections). | All boilers and pressure vessels, except definitions and exemptions as established by ASME Code. |
| Rhode Island | Department of Labor and Training, Division of Occupational Safety | Rhode Island General Law, Title 28. Labor and Labor Relations, Chapter 25. Boiler Inspections and Pressure Vessels, Sections 1 through 23. Rhode Island Rule 260-RICR-30-10-2. | Power boilers and high-pressure, high temperature water boilers shall receive an inspection annually which shall be an internal inspection where construction permits; otherwise, it shall be as complete an inspection as possible. Such boilers shall also be inspected externally annually while under normal operating conditions. | Low pressure boilers, hot water heaters, and hot water storage tanks shall receive an inspection biennially. Steam or vapor boilers shall have an external inspection biennially and may have an internal inspection, if deemed necessary, at the discretion of the inspector. Hot water heating and hot water supply boilers shall have an external inspection biennially and where construction permits, an internal inspection at the discretion of the inspector. | Unfired pressure vessels shall receive an inspection triennially. This inspection shall be internal where construction permits. Pressure vessels not subject to internal corrosion shall be inspected externally. | An authorized inspector means an Inspector employed by the State of Rhode Island or an Authorized Insurance Company holding a National Board Inservice Commission, and who is regularly employed by the State or an Insurance Company authorized to insure against loss from explosion of boilers or pressure vessels in this State. | Water heaters and water storage tanks where heat input does not exceed 200,000 BTU/Hr, water temperature does not exceed 210 degrees Fahrenheit, and nominal water capacity does not exceed 120 gallons. Continuous coil type hot water boilers used only for "steam vapor" cleaning when nominal water containing capacity does not exceed six (6) gallons and water temperature does not exceed 350 degrees Fahrenheit. |
| South Carolina | S.C. Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation, Boiler Safety Program | South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 41. Labor and Employment, Chapter 14. Boiler Safety Act , Sections 41-14-10 through 41-14-150. | annually | biennially | Boilers located on farms used solely for agricultural or horticultural purposes; Heating boilers located in private residences or in apartment houses of less than six family units | ||
| South Dakota | State Fire Marshal's Office | South Dakota Codified Laws, Title 34. Public Safety and Health, Chapter 29A. Boiler Safety , Sections 1 through 55. | 1 Year internal; 1 Year external | 2 Years internal; 2 Years external | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Boilers under federal jurisdiction; Boilers located on farms (if farm is not regularly open to general public and boiler is used solely for agricultural or horticultural purposes); Heating boilers located in private residences or in apartment houses of fewer than six family units; Boilers located in a refinery; Boilers used as part of an electricity generating plant; Historic power boilers | |
| Tennesseesources differ | Department of Labor and Workforce Development's Boiler Inspection Unit | Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 68, Chapter 122 | annual internal and external inspections, with external inspections conducted while under pressure | biennial internal and external inspections | Department deputy inspectors conduct all initial inspections of new, reinstalled, and secondhand high-pressure and low-pressure boilers. For ongoing inspections, commissioned insurance and owner company inspectors | ||
| Texas | Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR), Compliance Division/Boiler Program | Boiler Law, Texas Health and Safety Code, Chapter 755. Administrative Rules, 16 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 65. | annual certificate inspection and an annual external inspection | certificate inspection biennially | Inspections of boilers made by authorized inspectors employed by accredited authorized inspection agencies and commissioned by the department are required in lieu of inspections made by a deputy boiler inspector. | boilers owned or operated by the federal government; manually fired miniature boilers constructed or maintained for locomotives, boats, tractors, or stationary engines only as a hobby; boilers designed for operation only at atmospheric pressure; steam cookers; Heating boilers used to heat buildings exclusively for residential use and having accommodations for not more than four families | |
| Utah | Utah Labor Commission, Division of Boiler, Elevator, and Coal Mine Safety | Utah Condensed Constitution, Title 34A. Utah Labor Code, Chapter 7. Safety , Sections 101 through 104. | Annual certificate inspection; Annual external inspection while under operating conditions | biennial certificate inspection | High-pressure heat exchangers: biennial certificate inspection; All others: quadrennial certificate inspection | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies holding a Utah Certificate of Competency are accepted in lieu of inspections by division inspectors. | Those boilers or pressure vessels under federal control; Boilers and pressure vessels located in private residences or in apartment houses with fewer than five family units; Hot-water supply boilers directly fired with oil, gas, or electricity when heat input does not exceed 200,000 BTU per hour, water temperature 210°F, water-containing capacity 120 gallons |
| Vermont | Department of Public Safety, Division of Fire Safety | Vermont Statutes Annotated, Title 20 VSA, Chapter 173, Subchapter 5, Vermont Fire & Building Safety Code - 2015. | Annual internal and external inspection while not under pressure; External inspection, while in operation and under pressure, approximately six months from the internal inspection | 2 year external inspection; 2 year internal inspection, where construction permits | 3 year external inspection; 3 year internal inspection, where construction permits | Inspections made by inspectors with a National Board commission and commissioned by the department are required. | Boilers or pressure vessels located on common carriers subject to Surface Transportation Board, US Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, or Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Hot-water heaters and potable water storage tanks with heat input of less than 200,000 BTU per hour, water temperature less than 210°F, water-containing capacity less than 120 gallons |
| Virginia | Department of Labor and Industry, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Division | Code of Virginia, Title 40. Labor and Employment, Chapter 3.1. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Act , Sections 40.1.51.5 through 40.1.51.19.5. and Virginia Administrative Code, Title 16. Labor and Employment, Agency 25. Safety and Health Codes Board, Chapter 40, Standards for Boiler and Pressure Vessel Certification , Sections 10 through 70 and Chapter 55, Financial Requirements for Boiler and Pressure Vessel Contract Fee Inspectors , Sections 10 through 20. | Certificate inspection annually; External inspection annually while under operating conditions, if possible | Certificate inspection biennially | Certificate inspection biennially | Reports of inspection made by authorized insurance company inspectors or contract-fee inspectors shall be filed with the chief inspector on National Board forms within 30 days. Such inspections are acceptable in lieu of state inspections. | Boilers or unfired pressure vessels owned or operated by the federal government or any agency thereof; Boilers or fired or unfired pressure vessels used in or on the property of private residences or apartment houses of less than four apartments; Hobby or model boilers; Hot water supply boilers, water heaters, and unfired pressure vessels used as hot water supply storage tanks when heat input does not exceed 200,000 BTU per hour, water temperature 210°F, water-containing capacity 120 gallons |
| Washington | Department of Labor and Industries, Field Services & Public Safety Division (FS & PS), Boiler Program | Chapter 296-104 WAC and Chapter 70.79 RCW. | 1 Year internal; 1 Year external | 2 Years internal; 2 Years external | 2 Years internal (when subject to corrosion); 2 Years external | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections by a department inspector. | Boilers and pressure vessels under federal regulation or operated by any railroad; Boilers and pressure vessels located on farms and used solely for agricultural purposes; Steam boilers used exclusively for heating purposes carrying a pressure of not more than 15 psig and which are located in private residences or in apartment houses of fewer than six families; Hot-water heating boilers with a pressure of not more than 30 psi located in private residences or apartment houses of fewer than six families; Boilers and pressure vessels in cities having ordinances which are enforced and which have requirements equal to or higher than those provided for under this chapter |
| Washington D.C. | Department of Buildings | District of Columbia Code, Division 1, Title 2, Chapter 1, and DCMR Title 17, Chapter 4 and Title 12, Chapter 10E | annual internal inspections | annual external inspections (cast-iron boilers) | Department inspectors conduct all first inspections regardless of insurance status. For subsequent inspections, commissioned insurance company inspectors | ||
| Washington, D.C. | Department of Buildings | District of Columbia Code, Division 1. Government of District, Title 2. Government Administration, Chapter 1. Inspections – Boilers . DCMR Title 17 Chapter 4 (Steam Engineers). DCMR Title 12 Chapter 10E (Boilers, Water Heaters and Pressure Vessels). | annual internal inspection | annual external inspection | annual external inspection | Inspections made by inspectors employed by insurance companies and commissioned by the department are accepted in lieu of inspections made by a department inspector. | Those under federal government jurisdiction; Those on boats or floating equipment; Those on railway locomotives; Those under the Public Utilities Commission jurisdiction; Unfired pressure vessels with a capacity of 15 gallons or less, and those constructed for a pressure of 60 psi or less |
| West Virginiasources differ | Division of Labor's Safety Section | West Virginia Code, Chapter 21, Article 3, Section 7 | annual internal and external inspections | annual internal and external inspections | commissioned insurance company inspectors who hold a West Virginia Certificate of Competency | ||
| Wisconsinsources differ | Department of Safety and Professional Services' Division of Industry Services | Wisconsin Administrative Code, SPS Chapter 341 | annual internal inspections, with external inspections accepted where internal access is not possible | external or internal inspections every 36 months | insurance company inspectors and owner inspectors who hold Certificates of Competency issued by the department | ||
| Wyoming | Department of Workforce Services, Workers’ Safety–OSHA |
Where this came from
Every record above links the page it was taken from and quotes the sentence that states it. These are the 2 sources this dataset was assembled from.
- nationalboard.orghttps://www.nationalboard.org/PrintAllSynopsis.aspx?Jurisdiction=Select
- chardonlabs.comhttps://www.chardonlabs.com/resources/commercial-boiler-inspection-regulations-by-state/
Machine-readable
- data.jsonThe whole dataset — every record with its source URL and source quote.
- Open Knowledge Format bundleOne JSON object per line — every record's frontmatter and quoted span exactly as it is held here, in one fetch.
- How this is made and checkedWhat "verified against source" does and does not mean.