State construction apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements by trade

Apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements for construction trades in each US state. Each record is one state and one trade or program, giving the initial ratio (how many journeymen for the first apprentice), the ratio thereafter (how many additional journeymen per additional apprentice), and whether it applies to public works, private, or both. Answers 'what is the apprentice-to-journeyman ratio for [trade] in [state]' and 'how many journeymen do I need before I can hire another apprentice on this job'. Ratios vary widely: Wyoming allows 2 apprentices per journeyman, New Jersey requires 4 journeymen per apprentice. Some states (MN) delegate to individual JATC programs; others (CA) set a state-wide hourly ratio.

Records43

Sources2

Verified2026-08-15

Review by2027-08-15

LicenceFacts from state labor department pages and apprenticeship regulations; ratio requirements are not copyrightable

The data

State	Trade or program	Initial ratio	Thereafter ratio	Scope	Computation basis	Statute citation
California	California Apprenticeship Council (default)	one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours	same	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
Minnesota	Cement Masons Local 633 JATC	one to one	one to four	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Construction Craft Laborers JAC	one to one for the first three	one to three	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Design Electric	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Electrical Training Network (ETN)	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC	two to one	three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	FTIUM – Glaziers	two to one	one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Klein Electric	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
California	Laborers – Northern California	not required to hire an apprentice until there are four journeymen on the jobsite	per program standards	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
California	Laborers – Southern California	not required to hire an apprentice until there are four journeymen on the jobsite	per program standards	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
Minnesota	Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial	one to three regularly employed journeyworkers	one to three regularly employed journeyworkers	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential	two to one		both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Specialty Kitchen	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Millwright and Machinery Erectors JAC	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minneapolis Electrical JATC	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minneapolis Plumbers JJATC	one to one	two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minneapolis/St. Paul Sprinkler Fitters JAC	two to two	one to three	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy	one to one	three to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors	one to one for the first three	one to three	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC	one to one	one to five	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Roofing JAC	three to one	three to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Minnesota Teamsters JAC	one to one	four to 10	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Northern Mechanical and Iron Range Plumbers and Pipefitters JATC	one to one	one to two	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Northern Minnesota Millwrights JAC	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
California	Operating Engineers – Northern California	not less than one apprentice for each four journeymen	same	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
California	Operating Engineers – Southern California	not less than one apprentice for each five journeymen	same	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
Minnesota	Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC	one to one, three to two, four to three, six to four		both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC (slate and tile)	one to two	one to two	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	S.E. Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC	one to one	one to two	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	St. Paul Electrical JATC	two to one	two to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	St. Paul Plumbers JAC	one to one	two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
California	Teamsters – Southern California	not less than one apprentice for each five journeymen	same	public works	hourly	Labor Code 1777.5 (g)
Minnesota	Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption	two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours	two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Twin Cities Carpenters JATC (Metro, Mankato, St. Cloud, Rochester)	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Twin Cities Floor Coverers JAC	one to one	one to one	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Twin Cities Ironworkers Local 512	one to one	one to four	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036
Minnesota	Twin Cities Plasterers JATC	one to one	one to four	both	headcount	Minnesota Statute 178.036

Where this came from

Every record above links the page it was taken from and quotes the sentence that states it. These are the 2 sources this dataset was assembled from.

dir.ca.govhttps://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm
dli.mn.govhttps://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios

Machine-readable

data.jsonThe whole dataset — every record with its source URL and source quote.
Open Knowledge Format bundleOne JSON object per line — every record's frontmatter and quoted span exactly as it is held here, in one fetch.
How this is made and checkedWhat "verified against source" does and does not mean.

43 records. last verified against source 2026-08-15. due for re-check by 2027-08-15.

Licence. Facts from state labor department pages and apprenticeship regulations; ratio requirements are not copyrightable