Apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements for construction trades in each US state. Each record is one state and one trade or program, giving the initial ratio (how many journeymen for the first apprentice), the ratio thereafter (how many additional journeymen per additional apprentice), and whether it applies to public works, private, or both. Answers 'what is the apprentice-to-journeyman ratio for [trade] in [state]' and 'how many journeymen do I need before I can hire another apprentice on this job'. Ratios vary widely: Wyoming allows 2 apprentices per journeyman, New Jersey requires 4 journeymen per apprentice. Some states (MN) delegate to individual JATC programs; others (CA) set a state-wide hourly ratio.

Facts from state labor department pages and apprenticeship regulations; ratio requirements are not copyrightable

State construction apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements by trade


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** California Apprenticeship Council (default)

**Initial ratio:** one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours

**Thereafter ratio:** same

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project.

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>

California — State construction apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements by trade


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Cement Masons Local 633 JATC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to four

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>

Minnesota — State construction apprentice-to-journeyman ratio requirements by trade


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Construction Craft Laborers JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one for the first three

**Thereafter ratio:** one to three

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Design Electric

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Electrical Training Network (ETN)

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** FTIUM – Glaziers

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Klein Electric

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** Laborers – Northern California

**Initial ratio:** not required to hire an apprentice until there are four journeymen on the jobsite

**Thereafter ratio:** per program standards

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project.

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** Laborers – Southern California

**Initial ratio:** not required to hire an apprentice until there are four journeymen on the jobsite

**Thereafter ratio:** per program standards

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project.

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial

**Initial ratio:** one to three regularly employed journeyworkers

**Thereafter ratio:** one to three regularly employed journeyworkers

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural | one to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial | one to three regularly employed journeyworkers |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural | one to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial | one to three regularly employed journeyworkers | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Specialty Kitchen

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural | one to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial | one to three regularly employed journeyworkers | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential | two to one | | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Specialty Kitchen |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Millwright and Machinery Erectors JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural | one to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial | one to three regularly employed journeyworkers | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential | two to one | | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Specialty Kitchen | one to one | one to one | Millwright and Machinery Erectors JAC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minneapolis Electrical JATC

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC | two to one | two to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Architectural | one to one | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Commercial | one to three regularly employed journeyworkers | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Residential | two to one | | Metro Sheet Metal JATC – Specialty Kitchen | one to one | one to one | Millwright and Machinery Erectors JAC | one to one | one to one | Minneapolis Electrical JATC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minneapolis Plumbers JJATC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minneapolis Plumbers JJATC | one to one | two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice | Minneapolis/St. Paul Sprinkler Fitters JAC | two to two | one to three | Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC | one to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minneapolis/St. Paul Sprinkler Fitters JAC

**Initial ratio:** two to two

**Thereafter ratio:** one to three

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minneapolis/St. Paul Sprinkler Fitters JAC | two to two | one to three | Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** three to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC | one to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC | one to one | one to one | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors | one to one for the first three | one to three | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians | two to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors

**Initial ratio:** one to one for the first three

**Thereafter ratio:** one to three

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to three | Minnesota Area Pile Drivers JAC | one to one | one to one | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors | one to one for the first three |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to five

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to one | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors | one to one for the first three | one to three | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC | one to one | one to five |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Roofing JAC

**Initial ratio:** three to one

**Thereafter ratio:** three to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC | one to one | one to five | Minnesota Roofing JAC | three to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours | Cement Masons Local 633 JATC | one to one | one to four | Construction Craft Laborers JAC | one to one for the first three | one to three | Design Electric | two to one | two to one | Electrical Training Network (ETN) | two to one | two to one | Elevator Constructors Local 9 JAC | two to one | three to two, seven to five and 11 to eight | FTIUM – Glaziers | two to one | one to two for the next three and one to three thereafter | Klein Electric | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Statewide Limited Energy JATC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Minnesota Teamsters JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** four to 10

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to one for the first three | one to three | Minnesota Chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors – Electricians | two to one | two to one | Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC | one to one | one to five | Minnesota Roofing JAC | three to one | three to one | Minnesota Teamsters JAC | one to one | four to 10 |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Northern Mechanical and Iron Range Plumbers and Pipefitters JATC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to two

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC | one to one | one to five | Minnesota Roofing JAC | three to one | three to one | Minnesota Teamsters JAC | one to one | four to 10 | Northern Mechanical and Iron Range Plumbers and Pipefitters JATC | one to one | one to two |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Operating Engineers JAC | one to one | one to five | Minnesota Roofing JAC | three to one | three to one | Minnesota Teamsters JAC | one to one | four to 10 | Northern Mechanical and Iron Range Plumbers and Pipefitters JATC | one to one | one to two | Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Northern Minnesota Millwrights JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to one | one to five | Minnesota Roofing JAC | three to one | three to one | Minnesota Teamsters JAC | one to one | four to 10 | Northern Mechanical and Iron Range Plumbers and Pipefitters JATC | one to one | one to two | Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC | one to one | one to one | Northern Minnesota Millwrights JAC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** Operating Engineers – Northern California

**Initial ratio:** not less than one apprentice for each four journeymen

**Thereafter ratio:** same

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project. Minimum Ratio Exemptions The following are exemptions to the minimum ratio, however an employer can and is encouraged to employ an apprentice as the second person on the job whenever possible and allowed by the apprenticeship program standards. Operating Engineers Northern California – Applies to all Contractors | Contractors are required to utilize a minimum ratio of not less than one apprentice for each four journeymen |

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** Operating Engineers – Southern California

**Initial ratio:** not less than one apprentice for each five journeymen

**Thereafter ratio:** same

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project.

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one, three to two, four to three, six to four

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036,

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC (slate and tile)

**Initial ratio:** one to two

**Thereafter ratio:** one to two

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to two | Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC | one to one | one to one | Northern Minnesota Millwrights JAC | one to one | one to one | Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC | one to one three to two four to three six to four | | Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC (slate and tile) |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** S.E. Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to two

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to two | Northern Minnesota Carpenters JAC | one to one | one to one | Northern Minnesota Millwrights JAC | one to one | one to one | Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC | one to one three to two four to three six to four | | Roofers and Waterproofers Local 96 JAC (slate and tile) | one to two | one to two | S.E. Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC | one to one | one to two | South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC | two to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** St. Paul Electrical JATC

**Initial ratio:** two to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC | one to one | one to two | South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC | two to one | two to one | St. Paul Electrical JATC |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** St. Paul Plumbers JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> one to one | one to two | South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC | two to one | two to one | St. Paul Electrical JATC | two to one | two to one | St. Paul Plumbers JAC | one to one | two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** California

**Trade or program:** Teamsters – Southern California

**Initial ratio:** not less than one apprentice for each five journeymen

**Thereafter ratio:** same

**Scope:** public works

**Computation basis:** hourly

**Statute citation:** Labor Code 1777.5 (g)

> hourly ratio of five journeymen hours per one apprentice hour as required by <http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1777.5> Labor Code 1777.5 (g) is per craft and only includes straight time hours, not overtime. At the end of the project, straight time apprentice hours must equal one hour for every five straight time journeyman hours for each craft. For example, if you have a total of 100 journeyman hours at the end of the project in a craft, you would need 20 apprentice hours in that same craft. If you fall under the regulations set forth in a specific program's standards, then you are allowed to use the maximum ratio set forth in those standards. Please contact the program or <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/das_contactUS.html> DAS for a copy of its standards. If you agree to be governed by the regulations set forth by the California Apprenticeship Council, then the minimum and maximum ratio is the same: a total of one apprentice hour for every five journeyman hours for the project as a whole. Contractors with an Individual Contractor Exemption granted by the Chief of DAS per Labor Code Section 1777.5 (j) or § 1777.5(k) still need to submit a Notice of Contract Award Information ( <https://www.dir.ca.gov/DAS/DASForm140.pdf> DAS 140 ) to the appropriate apprenticeship committee(s). The Individual Contractor Exemptions and Apprentice Committee exemptions pertain only to the ratio of apprentices on a Public Works project.

Source: <https://www.dir.ca.gov/das/RatioExemption.htm>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption

**Initial ratio:** two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours

**Thereafter ratio:** two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one | three to one | *The first number represents the apprentice. Apprenticeship programs with other ratios These apprenticeship programs have ratios that are different than the Apprenticeship Ratio Policy above. Registered apprenticeship programs not listed below are training apprentices according to the standard Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy. The ratios listed below were updated as of June 1, 2026. For the most recent ratio refer to the organization’s collective bargaining agreement. Program | Initial ratio* | Thereafter* | Twin Cities Carpenters JATC - HUD exemption | two to one; at least one apprentice must have over 4,000 hours |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Twin Cities Carpenters JATC (Metro, Mankato, St. Cloud, Rochester)

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Twin Cities Floor Coverers JAC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to one

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Per Minnesota Statute 178.036, the supervision ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site except for occupations in the building and construction trades or any hazardous occupation as defined by state law where the ratio is one apprentice for the first journeyworker employed at the work site plus one apprentice for each additional three journeyworkers employed at the work site. Minnesota ratio for journeyworkers to apprentices Program | Initial ratio* | thereafter* | Minnesota Apprenticeship Ratio Policy | one to one |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Twin Cities Ironworkers Local 512

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to four

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Twin Cities Ironworkers Local 512 | one to one | one to four | *The first number represents the apprentice.

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>


**State:** Minnesota

**Trade or program:** Twin Cities Plasterers JATC

**Initial ratio:** one to one

**Thereafter ratio:** one to four

**Scope:** both

**Computation basis:** headcount

**Statute citation:** Minnesota Statute 178.036

> Minnesota Plumbers and Steamfitters JAC | one to one | one to two | South Central Minnesota Electrical JATC | two to one | two to one | St. Paul Electrical JATC | two to one | two to one | St. Paul Plumbers JAC | one to one | two to four journeyworkers for second apprentice, five to seven journeyworkers for third apprentice, eight to ten journeyworkers for fourth apprentice | Twin Cities Plasterers JATC | one to one | one to four |

Source: <https://www.dli.mn.gov/business/workforce/apprenticeship-ratios>