State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios
The maximum number of pharmacy technicians a single pharmacist may supervise in each US state, with the practice setting it applies to and any conditions that raise or lower the cap. Each record is one jurisdiction with its ratio rule, the practice setting (community/retail, hospital/institutional, or both), whether conditional increases apply (e.g., higher ratio if technicians are certified, if automated dispensing is in use, or if the setting is institutional), and the regulatory citation. Answers 'how many techs can I supervise in Ohio' (no cap on licensed technicians; max 3 trainees), 'does California allow a higher ratio for certified techs', 'which states have no fixed ratio', and 'what is the pharmacist-to-tech ratio in a hospital in Connecticut'. States range from strict 1:2 caps (Connecticut community, New York community, Tennessee) to no fixed cap (Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin — at least 13 states where professional judgment applies).
The data
| State | Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist) | Practice setting | Conditional increase | Trainee limit | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Colorado | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Florida | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Georgia | 3:1 | all settings | up to 4:1 when technicians are certified and certain safety measures are in place | ||
| Idaho | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Iowa | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Michigan | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Minnesota | 4:1 | all settings | with certification or setting-specific safeguards | ||
| Missouri | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| North Carolina | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| North Dakota | 4:1 | all settings | with certification or setting-specific safeguards | ||
| Ohio | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | 3 trainees per pharmacist | OAC 4729:3-3-01 | |
| Oregon | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| South Carolina | 3:1 | all settings | up to 4:1 if some technicians are state-certified and workflow controls exist | ||
| Tennessee | 2:1 | all settings | board-approved exceptions for higher ratios if justified | ||
| Texas | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Washington | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Wisconsin | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | |||
| Virginia | 6:1 | cannabis dispensing | 3VAC10-40-110 | ||
| California | 3:1 | community/retail | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(1) | ||
| Connecticut | 2:1 | community/retail | higher (e.g., 1:3) in institutional settings with conditions | ||
| Nevada | 3:1 | community/retail | may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties | 1 technician plus 2 trainees | NAC 639.250(2) |
| New York | 2:1 | community/retail | |||
| Rhode Island | 3:1 | community/retail | different limits in institutional settings | ||
| California | board-determined ratio | institutional/hospital | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(2) | ||
| Nevada | 3:1 | institutional/hospital | may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties | 2 technicians plus 1 trainee when supervising distributive functions | NAC 639.250(1) |
| Nevada | 8:1 | nondispensing pharmacy | 6 technicians plus 2 trainees | NAC 639.250(4) | |
| Nevada | 3:1 | telepharmacy/remote site/satellite consultation site | NAC 639.250(3) |
Where this came from
Every record above links the page it was taken from and quotes the sentence that states it. These are the 5 sources this dataset was assembled from.
- pharmacyfreak.comhttps://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/
- codes.ohio.govhttps://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4729:3-3-01
- law.lis.virginia.govhttps://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title3/agency10/chapter40/section110/
- pharmacy.ca.govhttps://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf
- leg.state.nv.ushttps://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html
Machine-readable
- data.jsonThe whole dataset — every record with its source URL and source quote.
- Open Knowledge Format bundleOne JSON object per line — every record's frontmatter and quoted span exactly as it is held here, in one fetch.
- How this is made and checkedWhat "verified against source" does and does not mean.