asset: pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios

asset_type: supervision-ratio

body: The maximum number of pharmacy technicians a single pharmacist may supervise in each US state, with the practice setting it applies to and any conditions that raise or lower the cap. Each record is one jurisdiction with its ratio rule, the practice setting (community/retail, hospital/institutional, or both), whether conditional increases apply (e.g., higher ratio if technicians are certified, if automated dispensing is in use, or if the setting is institutional), and the regulatory citation. Answers 'how many techs can I supervise in Ohio' (no cap on licensed technicians; max 3 trainees), 'does California allow a higher ratio for certified techs', 'which states have no fixed ratio', and 'what is the pharmacist-to-tech ratio in a hospital in Connecticut'. States range from strict 1:2 caps (Connecticut community, New York community, Tennessee) to no fixed cap (Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin — at least 13 states where professional judgment applies).

key_field: jurisdiction

licence: State administrative codes and statutes are government works. Facts are not copyrightable (Feist, 1991); each record quotes a short attributed span and links back to the state's own regulatory text.

title: State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios

type: dataset


body:
**State:** Arizona

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Arizona

max_ratio: no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

practice_setting: all settings

title: Arizona — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios

type: supervision-ratio

unverified_fields: max_ratio, practice_setting


body:
**State:** Colorado

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Colorado

title: Colorado — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Florida

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Florida

title: Florida — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Georgia

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Conditional increase:** up to 4:1 when technicians are certified and certain safety measures are in place

> Georgia: Commonly 1:3 base, up to 1:4 when technicians are certified and certain safety measures are in place.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Georgia

title: Georgia — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Idaho

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Idaho

title: Idaho — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Iowa

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Iowa

title: Iowa — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Michigan

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Michigan

title: Michigan — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Minnesota

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 4:1

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Conditional increase:** with certification or setting-specific safeguards

> Minnesota and North Dakota: Generally allow higher caps (up to around 1:4) with certification or setting-specific safeguards.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Minnesota

title: Minnesota — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Missouri

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Missouri

title: Missouri — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** North Carolina

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: North Carolina

title: North Carolina — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** North Dakota

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 4:1

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Conditional increase:** with certification or setting-specific safeguards

> Minnesota and North Dakota: Generally allow higher caps (up to around 1:4) with certification or setting-specific safeguards.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: North Dakota

title: North Dakota — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Ohio

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Trainee limit:** 3 trainees per pharmacist

**Citation:** OAC 4729:3-3-01

> A pharmacist is not permitted to supervise more than three pharmacy technician trainees engaging in the activities pursuant to paragraph (B) of this rule at any time, unless otherwise approved by the board.

Source: <https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4729:3-3-01>

jurisdiction: Ohio

title: Ohio — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios

trainee_count: 3 trainees per pharmacist

unverified_fields: jurisdiction, max_ratio, practice_setting, regulatory_citation, trainee_count


body:
**State:** Oregon

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Oregon

title: Oregon — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** South Carolina

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Conditional increase:** up to 4:1 if some technicians are state-certified and workflow controls exist

> South Carolina: Often 1:3 base; 1:4 if some technicians are state-certified and workflow controls exist.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: South Carolina

title: South Carolina — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Tennessee

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 2:1

**Practice setting:** all settings

**Conditional increase:** board-approved exceptions for higher ratios if justified

> Tennessee: Often 1:2 by default, with board-approved exceptions for higher ratios if justified.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Tennessee

title: Tennessee — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Texas

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Texas

title: Texas — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Washington

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Washington

title: Washington — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Wisconsin

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** no fixed ratio (professional judgment)

**Practice setting:** all settings

> States with no fixed pharmacist-to-technician ratio (professional judgment required): Common examples include Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Wisconsin

title: Wisconsin — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Virginia

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 6:1

**Practice setting:** cannabis dispensing

**Citation:** 3VAC10-40-110

> The ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists on duty in the areas of a pharmaceutical processor designated for production or dispensing or in a cannabis dispensing facility shall not exceed six pharmacy technicians to one pharmacist.

Source: <https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title3/agency10/chapter40/section110/>

jurisdiction: Virginia

practice_setting: cannabis dispensing

title: Virginia — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** California

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** community/retail

**Citation:** Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(1)

> A pharmacy with only one pharmacist shall have no more than three pharmacy technicians performing the tasks specified in subdivision (a). A pharmacy with only one pharmacist shall have no more than one pharmacy technician performing the tasks specified in subdivision (b). If a pharmacy technician is performing the tasks specified in subdivision (b), a second pharmacy technician shall be assisting a pharmacist with performing tasks specified in subdivision (a). The ratio of pharmacy technicians performing the tasks specified in subdivision (a) to any additional pharmacist shall not exceed 3 to 1

Source: <https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf>

jurisdiction: California

practice_setting: community/retail

regulatory_citation: Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(1)

title: California — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios

unverified_fields: jurisdiction, max_ratio, practice_setting, regulatory_citation


body:
**State:** Connecticut

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 2:1

**Practice setting:** community/retail

**Conditional increase:** higher (e.g., 1:3) in institutional settings with conditions

> Connecticut: Often 1:2 in community/outpatient; higher (e.g., 1:3) in institutional settings with conditions.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Connecticut

title: Connecticut — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Nevada

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** community/retail

**Conditional increase:** may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties

**Trainee limit:** 1 technician plus 2 trainees

**Citation:** NAC 639.250(2)

> in any pharmacy, other than a hospital pharmacy, telepharmacy, remote site, satellite consultation site or nondispensing pharmacy, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians or one pharmaceutical technician and two pharmaceutical technicians in training at one time.

Source: <https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html>

jurisdiction: Nevada

title: Nevada — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios

trainee_count: 1 technician plus 2 trainees

unverified_fields: conditional_increase, jurisdiction, max_ratio, practice_setting, regulatory_citation, trainee_count


body:
**State:** New York

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 2:1

**Practice setting:** community/retail

> New York: Typically caps near 1:2 in community. Watch counting rules for unlicensed support or trainees.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: New York

title: New York — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** Rhode Island

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** community/retail

**Conditional increase:** different limits in institutional settings

> Rhode Island and Nevada: Frequently 1:3 in community, with different limits in institutional settings.

Source: <https://pharmacyfreak.com/pharmacy-technician-ratios-how-many-techs-are-too-many-the-state-by-state-laws-that-impact-safety-and-your-license/>

jurisdiction: Rhode Island

title: Rhode Island — State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios


body:
**State:** California

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** board-determined ratio

**Practice setting:** institutional/hospital

**Citation:** Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(2)

> The board may adopt regulations establishing the ratio of pharmacy technicians performing the tasks specified in subdivision (a) to pharmacists applicable to the filling of prescriptions of an inpatient of a licensed health facility and for a patient of a licensed home health agency. Any ratio established by the board pursuant to this subdivision shall allow, at a minimum, at least one pharmacy technician for a single pharmacist in a pharmacy and two pharmacy technicians for each additional pharmacist

Source: <https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf>

max_ratio: board-determined ratio

practice_setting: institutional/hospital

regulatory_citation: Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(2)


body:
**State:** Nevada

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** institutional/hospital

**Conditional increase:** may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties

**Trainee limit:** 2 technicians plus 1 trainee when supervising distributive functions

**Citation:** NAC 639.250(1)

> in a hospital, a pharmacist who is dispensing prescriptions may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians at one time. A pharmacist who is supervising distributive functions may not supervise more than a total of two pharmaceutical technicians and one pharmaceutical technician in training while the trainee is performing technician functions in on-the-job training.

Source: <https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html>

unverified_fields: conditional_increase, jurisdiction, max_ratio, practice_setting, regulatory_citation


body:
**State:** Nevada

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 8:1

**Practice setting:** nondispensing pharmacy

**Trainee limit:** 6 technicians plus 2 trainees

**Citation:** NAC 639.250(4)

> In any nondispensing pharmacy, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of eight pharmaceutical technicians or six pharmaceutical technicians and two pharmaceutical technicians in training at one time.

Source: <https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html>

practice_setting: nondispensing pharmacy

trainee_count: 6 technicians plus 2 trainees

unverified_fields: jurisdiction, max_ratio, regulatory_citation, trainee_count


body:
**State:** Nevada

**Maximum ratio (tech:pharmacist):** 3:1

**Practice setting:** telepharmacy/remote site/satellite consultation site

**Citation:** NAC 639.250(3)

> In any telepharmacy, remote site or satellite consultation site, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians at one time.

Source: <https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html>