{"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "asset_type": "failure-mode", "body": "What each vehicle defect is categorised as at a roadworthiness inspection, and therefore whether it fails the test. Each record is one defect under one authority, stating the defect reference, the defect wording as published, and the category (Minor, Major or Dangerous). Covers the DVSA MOT inspection manual for cars, vans and passenger vehicles (classes 3, 4, 5 and 7), the DVSA MOT inspection manual for motorcycles (classes 1 and 2), EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I, and the US minimum periodic inspection standards in 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396. Answers 'is a cracked windscreen a major or minor MOT defect', 'MOT inspection manual zone A windscreen damage', 'does a worn wheel bearing fail an MOT', 'is a tyre bulge dangerous or major', and 'what fails an MOT test'. The same defect usually appears twice, once Major and once Dangerous, separated only by a severity qualifier, and the UK, EU and US verdicts for the same physical fault do not always agree.\n", "description": "What each vehicle defect is categorised as at a roadworthiness inspection, and therefore whether it fails the test. Each record is one defect under one authority, stating the defect reference, the defect wording as published, and the category (Minor, Major or Dangerous). Covers the DVSA MOT inspection manual for cars, vans and passenger vehicles (classes 3, 4, 5 and 7), the DVSA MOT inspection manual for motorcycles (classes 1 and 2), EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I, and the US minimum periodic inspection standards in 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396. Answers 'is a cracked windscreen a major or minor MOT defect', 'MOT inspection manual zone A windscreen damage', 'does a worn wheel bearing fail an MOT', 'is a tyre bulge dangerous or major', and 'what fails an MOT test'. The same defect usually appears twice, once Major and once Dangerous, separated only by a severity qualifier, and the UK, EU and US verdicts for the same physical fault do not always agree.", "file": "index.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "key_field": "defect", "licence": "Facts extracted from freely published government inspection manuals and legislation. gov.uk content is published under the Open Government Licence v3.0; EUR-Lex reuse is permitted under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; US CFR text is a US government work and not subject to copyright. Each record quotes a short verbatim span and links back to the section it came from.", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance", "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes", "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "dataset", "verified": false} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Pivot too tight\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever pivot\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Pivot too tight | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Pivot too tight", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-1-pivot-too-tight.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-1-pivot-too-tight", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever pivot", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Pivot too tight | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pivot too tight \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-11-brake-pipe-is-at-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-11-brake-pipe-is-at-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose damaged and likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Brake hose damaged and likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hose damaged and likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-12-brake-hose-damaged-and-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-12-brake-hose-damaged-and-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake hose damaged and likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose damaged and likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable damaged or knotted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Cable damaged or knotted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable damaged or knotted", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(a) | Cable damaged or knotted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable damaged or knotted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Load sensing valve linkage defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Load sensing valve linkage defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Load sensing valve linkage defective", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-linkage-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-linkage-defective", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(a) | Load sensing valve linkage defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load sensing valve linkage defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake slack adjuster\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-18-adjuster-damaged-seized-or-having-abnormal-movement-excessive-wear-or-incorrect-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-18-adjuster-damaged-seized-or-having-abnormal-movement-excessive-wear-or-incorrect-", "item_name": "Brake slack adjuster", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(a) | Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient reserve travel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Insufficient reserve travel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient reserve travel", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-2-insufficient-reserve-travel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-2-insufficient-reserve-travel", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Insufficient reserve travel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient reserve travel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-5-control-cracked-damaged-or-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-5-control-cracked-damaged-or-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Hand operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Ratchet not holding correctly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Ratchet not holding correctly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Ratchet not holding correctly", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-6-ratchet-not-holding-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-1-6-ratchet-not-holding-correctly", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Ratchet not holding correctly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Ratchet not holding correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-4-1-parking-brake-inoperative-on-one-side-or-in-the-case-of-testing-on-the-road-the-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-4-1-parking-brake-inoperative-on-one-side-or-in-the-case-of-testing-on-the-road-the-", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.4.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder) performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-5-control-for-electronic-retarder-does-not-allow-gradual-variation-in-effort.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-5-control-for-electronic-retarder-does-not-allow-gradual-variation-in-effort", "item_name": "Additional braking device (retarder) performance", "item_number": "1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Warning device not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device not working", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-6-warning-device-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-6-warning-device-not-working", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Warning device not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic braking system (EBS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Warning device not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device not working", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-7-warning-device-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-7-warning-device-not-working", "item_name": "Electronic braking system (EBS)", "item_number": "1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Warning device not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid contaminated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake fluid\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Brake fluid contaminated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake fluid contaminated", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-8-brake-fluid-contaminated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-1-8-brake-fluid-contaminated", "item_name": "Brake fluid", "item_number": "1.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake fluid contaminated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid contaminated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive roughness in operation of steering\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Excessive roughness in operation of steering | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive roughness in operation of steering", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-1-excessive-roughness-in-operation-of-steering.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-1-excessive-roughness-in-operation-of-steering", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive roughness in operation of steering | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive roughness in operation of steering \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-4-steering-linkage-fouling-any-part-of-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-4-steering-linkage-fouling-any-part-of-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Steering linkage operation", "item_number": "2.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-leaking-or-system-malfunctioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-leaking-or-system-malfunctioning", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-centre-of-steering-wheel-up-or-down.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-centre-of-steering-wheel-up-or-down", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic power steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-6-eps-mil-indicating-a-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-2-6-eps-mil-indicating-a-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Electronic power steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(a) | EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wiper not operating or missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Wiper not operating or missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wiper not operating or missing", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-3-4-wiper-not-operating-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-3-4-wiper-not-operating-or-missing", "item_name": "Windscreen wipers", "item_number": "3.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Wiper not operating or missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiper not operating or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen washers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-3-5-windscreen-washers-not-working-or-not-providing-sufficient-fluid-to-clear-the-wi.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-3-5-windscreen-washers-not-working-or-not-providing-sufficient-fluid-to-clear-the-wi", "item_name": "Windscreen washers", "item_number": "3.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Headlamp alignment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-2-the-aim-of-a-headlamp-is-not-within-limits-laid-down-in-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-2-the-aim-of-a-headlamp-is-not-within-limits-laid-down-in-the-requirements", "item_name": "Headlamp alignment", "item_number": "4.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp \u2018on\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Headlamp \u2018on\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Headlamp \u2018on\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-3-headlamp-on-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-3-headlamp-on-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Headlamp \u2018on\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp \u2018on\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-4-headlamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-require.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-4-headlamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-require", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp levelling device inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Levelling devices\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Headlamp levelling device inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp levelling device inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-5-headlamp-levelling-device-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-1-5-headlamp-levelling-device-inoperative", "item_name": "Levelling devices", "item_number": "4.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Headlamp levelling device inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp levelling device inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-2-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-or-the-rear-position.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-2-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-or-the-rear-position", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-4-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-4-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.4.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flashing frequency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-4-4-rate-of-flashing-not-between-60-and-120-times-per-minute.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-4-4-rate-of-flashing-not-between-60-and-120-times-per-minute", "item_name": "Flashing frequency", "item_number": "4.4.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-5-3-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-switch-inoperative-or-not-operating-in-accordance-with-th.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-5-3-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-switch-inoperative-or-not-operating-in-accordance-with-th", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.5.3", "source_quote": "(a) | front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-5-4-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-emitted-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-req.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-5-4-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-emitted-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-req", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.5.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A reversing lamp inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A reversing lamp inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A reversing lamp inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-inoperative", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(a) | A reversing lamp inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A reversing lamp inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-2-reversing-lamp-emitted-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-2-reversing-lamp-emitted-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.6.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-3-reversing-lamp-switch-not-operating-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-6-3-reversing-lamp-switch-not-operating-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.6.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-throwing-direct-white-light-to-the-rear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-throwing-direct-white-light-to-the-rear", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(a) | A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-7-2-rear-registration-plate-lamp-does-not-illuminate-simultaneously-with-the-positio.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-7-2-rear-registration-plate-lamp-does-not-illuminate-simultaneously-with-the-positio", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.7.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-9-2-a-hazard-warning-lamp-tell-tale-is-not-a-flashing-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-4-9-2-a-hazard-warning-lamp-tell-tale-is-not-a-flashing-light", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.9.2", "source_quote": "(a) | A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An axle fractured or deformed\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | An axle fractured or deformed | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "An axle fractured or deformed", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-1-1-an-axle-fractured-or-deformed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-1-1-an-axle-fractured-or-deformed", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | An axle fractured or deformed | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An axle fractured or deformed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stub axle fractured\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A stub axle fractured | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A stub axle fractured", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-fractured", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | A stub axle fractured | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stub axle fractured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-2-2-any-fracture-or-welding-defect-on-a-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-2-2-any-fracture-or-welding-defect-on-a-wheel", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gas, air and fluid suspension\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-inoperative", "item_name": "Gas, air and fluid suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(a) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-2-exhaust-system-has-a-major-leak-or-is-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-2-exhaust-system-has-a-major-leak-or-is-insecure", "item_name": "Exhaust system", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-carrier-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-carrier-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-damaged-defective-fractured-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-damaged-defective-fractured-or-corroded", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Handgrips and footrests\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-2-12-a-handgrip-or-footrest-missing-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-2-12-a-handgrip-or-footrest-missing-or-insecure", "item_name": "Handgrips and footrests", "item_number": "6.2.12", "source_quote": "(a) | A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-2-3-a-door-will-not-open-using-the-relevant-control-or-close-properly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-6-2-3-a-door-will-not-open-using-the-relevant-control-or-close-properly", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A statutory seat belt missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A statutory seat belt missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A statutory seat belt missing", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-2-a-statutory-seat-belt-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-2-a-statutory-seat-belt-missing", "item_name": "Seat belt fitment and condition", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | A statutory seat belt missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A statutory seat belt missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt load limiters\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-3-a-seat-belt-load-limiter-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing-or-a-fol.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-3-a-seat-belt-load-limiter-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing-or-a-fol", "item_name": "Seat belt load limiters", "item_number": "7.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt pre-tensioners\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-4-a-seat-belt-pre-tensioner-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing-or-depl.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-4-a-seat-belt-pre-tensioner-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing-or-depl", "item_name": "Seat belt pre-tensioners", "item_number": "7.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Airbags\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-5-an-airbag-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-5-an-airbag-fitted-as-original-equipment-obviously-missing", "item_name": "Airbags", "item_number": "7.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Supplementary restraint system (SRS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-6-an-srs-malfunction-indicator-lamp-mil-indicates-a-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-1-6-an-srs-malfunction-indicator-lamp-mil-indicates-a-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Supplementary restraint system (SRS)", "item_number": "7.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-10-speed-limiter-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-10-speed-limiter-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Speed limiter (if required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-12-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-12-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic stability control (ESC)", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering lock missing or not functioning\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-theft device\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Steering lock missing or not functioning | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Steering lock missing or not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-3-steering-lock-missing-or-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-3-steering-lock-missing-or-not-functioning", "item_name": "Anti-theft device", "item_number": "7.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Steering lock missing or not functioning | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering lock missing or not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Audible warning not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning (horn)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Audible warning not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Audible warning not working", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-7-audible-warning-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-7-audible-warning-not-working", "item_name": "Audible warning (horn)", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Audible warning not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Audible warning not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speedometer not fitted where one is required\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Speedometer not fitted where one is required | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speedometer not fitted where one is required", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-8-speedometer-not-fitted-where-one-is-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-7-8-speedometer-not-fitted-where-one-is-required", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Speedometer not fitted where one is required | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speedometer not fitted where one is required \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-1-1-exhaust-noise-levels-in-excess-of-those-permitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-1-1-exhaust-noise-levels-in-excess-of-those-permitted", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-1-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-missing-obviously-modified.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-1-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-missing-obviously-modified", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limits\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limits | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limits", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-1-2-emissions-levels-exceed-the-manufacturer-s-specified-limits.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-1-2-emissions-levels-exceed-the-manufacturer-s-specified-limits", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limits | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limits \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-2-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-missing-obviously-modified.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-2-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-missing-obviously-modified", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limit\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a) | Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limit | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limit", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-2-2-smoke-opacity-levels-exceed-the-manufacturer-s-specified-limit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-8-2-2-2-smoke-opacity-levels-exceed-the-manufacturer-s-specified-limit", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limit | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer\u2019s specified limit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake servo defective or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake servo defective or ineffective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake servo defective or ineffective", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-10-brake-servo-defective-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-10-brake-servo-defective-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake servo defective or ineffective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake servo defective or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-down-to-wear-indicator.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-down-to-wear-indicator", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-significantly-and-obviously-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-significantly-and-obviously-worn", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-not-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-not-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-connectors-or-mountings-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-connectors-or-mountings-insecure", "item_name": "Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-21-other-braking-system-e-g-antifreeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-component-damaged-or-corr.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-21-other-braking-system-e-g-antifreeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-component-damaged-or-corr", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-assistance-for-less-than-four-brake-applications-af.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-assistance-for-less-than-four-brake-applications-af", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Low-pressure warning\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-4-low-pressure-warning-gauge-or-indicator-malfunctioning-or-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-4-low-pressure-warning-gauge-or-indicator-malfunctioning-or-defective", "item_name": "Low-pressure warning", "item_number": "1.1.4", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Valve damaged or excessive air leak\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Valve damaged or excessive air leak", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-7-valve-damaged-or-excessive-air-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-7-valve-damaged-or-excessive-air-leak", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve damaged or excessive air leak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-9-reservoir-has-minor-damage-or-corrosion.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-1-9-reservoir-has-minor-damage-or-corrosion", "item_name": "Pressure storage reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort inadequate at a wheel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at a wheel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking effort inadequate at a wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-2-1-braking-effort-inadequate-at-a-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-2-1-braking-effort-inadequate-at-a-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at a wheel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort inadequate at a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-2-2-service-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-2-2-service-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort inadequate at any wheel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at any wheel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking effort inadequate at any wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-3-1-braking-effort-inadequate-at-any-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-3-1-braking-effort-inadequate-at-any-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at any wheel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort inadequate at any wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-3-2-parking-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-3-2-parking-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-4-2-parking-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-1-4-2-parking-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.4.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing not properly attached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Steering gear casing not properly attached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear casing not properly attached", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-not-properly-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-not-properly-attached", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Steering gear casing not properly attached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing not properly attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-relative-movement-between-components-which-sho.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-relative-movement-between-components-which-sho", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-indicating-looseness.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-indicating-looseness", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering play\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-3-free-play-in-the-steering-measured-at-the-rim-of-the-steering-wheel-is-excessive.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-2-3-free-play-in-the-steering-measured-at-the-rim-of-the-steering-wheel-is-excessive", "item_name": "Steering play", "item_number": "2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An obstruction within the driver\u2019s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Field of vision\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | An obstruction within the driver\u2019s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "An obstruction within the driver\u2019s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-3-1-an-obstruction-within-the-driver-s-field-of-view-that-significantly-affects-his-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-3-1-an-obstruction-within-the-driver-s-field-of-view-that-significantly-affects-his-", "item_name": "Field of vision", "item_number": "3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | An obstruction within the driver\u2019s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An obstruction within the driver\u2019s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-damaged-or-seriously-discoloured-but-not-adversely-affectin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-damaged-or-seriously-discoloured-but-not-adversely-affectin", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A headlamp with up to \u00bd light sources not functioning in the case of LED\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A headlamp with up to \u00bd light sources not functioning in the case of LED | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A headlamp with up to \u00bd light sources not functioning in the case of LED", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-1-1-a-headlamp-with-up-to-light-sources-not-functioning-in-the-case-of-led.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-1-1-a-headlamp-with-up-to-light-sources-not-functioning-in-the-case-of-led", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A headlamp with up to \u00bd light sources not functioning in the case of LED | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A headlamp with up to \u00bd light sources not functioning in the case of LED \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp cleaning device inoperative\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Headlamp cleaning devices\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Headlamp cleaning device inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-1-6-headlamp-cleaning-device-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-1-6-headlamp-cleaning-device-inoperative", "item_name": "Headlamp cleaning devices", "item_number": "4.1.6", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp cleaning device inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A trailer electrical socket insecure\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A trailer electrical socket insecure | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A trailer electrical socket insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-10-a-trailer-electrical-socket-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-10-a-trailer-electrical-socket-insecure", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A trailer electrical socket insecure | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A trailer electrical socket insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-insecure-or-inadequately-secured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-insecure-or-inadequately-secured", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-13-a-battery-insecure-but-not-likely-to-fall-from-carrier.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-13-a-battery-insecure-but-not-likely-to-fall-from-carrier", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-2-1-lamp-multiple-light-source-up-to-a-half-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-2-1-lamp-multiple-light-source-up-to-a-half-not-functioning", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-2-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-2-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirement", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functioning", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-position-or-intensity-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.3.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-4-1-a-direction-indicator-lamp-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functionin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-4-1-a-direction-indicator-lamp-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functionin", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-4-2-indicator-or-hazard-warning-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requi.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-4-2-indicator-or-hazard-warning-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requi", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.4.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-with-a-multiple-light-source-up-to-1-2-not-functioning", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-8-1-reflector-defective-or-damaged-by-up-to-50-of-the-reflecting-surface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-8-1-reflector-defective-or-damaged-by-up-to-50-of-the-reflecting-surface", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-8-2-reflector-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-8-2-reflector-colour-or-position-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.8.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.9.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-9-1-a-mandatory-tell-tale-for-direction-indicators-or-hazard-warning-missing-or-inop.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-4-9-1-a-mandatory-tell-tale-for-direction-indicators-or-hazard-warning-missing-or-inop", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.9.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel bearing with excessive play\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A wheel bearing with excessive play | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A wheel bearing with excessive play", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-with-excessive-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-with-excessive-play", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A wheel bearing with excessive play | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel bearing with excessive play \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel and hub\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-2-1-a-wheel-with-a-loose-or-missing-wheel-nut-bolt-or-stud.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-2-1-a-wheel-with-a-loose-or-missing-wheel-nut-bolt-or-stud", "item_name": "Road wheel and hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-load-capacity-or-speed-rating-not-in-accordance-with-the-minimum-requirem.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-load-capacity-or-speed-rating-not-in-accordance-with-the-minimum-requirem", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-1-a-spring-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-1-a-spring-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-insecurely-attached-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints, pins and bushes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-4-a-suspension-pin-bush-joint-or-bearing-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-4-a-suspension-pin-bush-joint-or-bearing-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Suspension joints, pins and bushes", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete suspension system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-sub-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-5-3-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-sub-", "item_name": "Complete suspension system", "item_number": "5.3.6", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-fractured-or-deformed-such-that-structural.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-fractured-or-deformed-such-that-structural", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-3-fuel-tank-pipe-or-hose-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-3-fuel-tank-pipe-or-hose-insecure", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Bumpers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-4-bumper-insecure-or-with-damage-likely-to-cause-injury-when-grazed-or-contacted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-4-bumper-insecure-or-with-damage-likely-to-cause-injury-when-grazed-or-contacted", "item_name": "Bumpers", "item_number": "6.1.4", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-securing-bolts-loose-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-securing-bolts-loose-or-missing", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Engine mountings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-8-an-engine-mounting-or-bracket-severely-damaged-or-deteriorated-resulting-in-exce.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-1-8-an-engine-mounting-or-bracket-severely-damaged-or-deteriorated-resulting-in-exce", "item_name": "Engine mountings", "item_number": "6.1.8", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-1-a-body-panel-or-body-component-damaged-or-corroded-and-likely-to-cause-injury-wh.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-1-a-body-panel-or-body-component-damaged-or-corroded-and-likely-to-cause-injury-wh", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body or cab insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A body or cab insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A body or cab insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-insecure", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A body or cab insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body or cab insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Floor\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-4-a-floor-excessively-deteriorated-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-4-a-floor-excessively-deteriorated-or-insecure", "item_name": "Floor", "item_number": "6.2.4", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driver\u2019s seat with a defective structure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A driver\u2019s seat with a defective structure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A driver\u2019s seat with a defective structure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-with-a-defective-structure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-with-a-defective-structure", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A driver\u2019s seat with a defective structure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driver\u2019s seat with a defective structure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Passenger seats\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-6-a-passenger-seat-with-a-defective-structure-or-the-backrest-cannot-be-retained-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-6-a-passenger-seat-with-a-defective-structure-or-the-backrest-cannot-be-retained-i", "item_name": "Passenger seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driving controls\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-7-a-driving-control-necessary-for-the-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle-not-functionin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-7-a-driving-control-necessary-for-the-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle-not-functionin", "item_name": "Driving controls", "item_number": "6.2.7", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A cab step or step ring insecure\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | A cab step or step ring insecure | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A cab step or step ring insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-insecure", "item_name": "Cab steps (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | A cab step or step ring insecure | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A cab step or step ring insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-7-1-1-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-seat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-7-1-1-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-seat", "item_name": "Seat belt security", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fluid leaks\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(i) | Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-8-4-1-fluid-leaking-excessively-and-likely-to-harm-the-environment-or-to-pose-a-safety.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-i-8-4-1-fluid-leaking-excessively-and-likely-to-harm-the-environment-or-to-pose-a-safety", "item_name": "Fluid leaks", "item_number": "8.4.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake servo inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake servo inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake servo inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-10-brake-servo-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-10-brake-servo-inoperative", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake servo inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake servo inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-below-1-5mm.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-below-1-5mm", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-insecure-fractured-or-otherwise-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-insecure-fractured-or-otherwise-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-connectors-or-mountings-insecure-and-functionality-affe.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-connectors-or-mountings-insecure-and-functionality-affe", "item_name": "Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-21-other-braking-system-e-g-antifreeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-component-damaged-or-corr.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-21-other-braking-system-e-g-antifreeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-component-damaged-or-corr", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-assistance-for-less-than-two-brake-applications-aft.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-assistance-for-less-than-two-brake-applications-aft", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Low-pressure warning\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-4-low-pressure-warning-gauge-or-indicator-not-identifying-low-pressure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-4-low-pressure-warning-gauge-or-indicator-not-identifying-low-pressure", "item_name": "Low-pressure warning", "item_number": "1.1.4", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-7-valve-leaking-such-that-brake-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-7-valve-leaking-such-that-brake-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-9-reservoir-heavily-damaged-heavily-corroded-or-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-1-9-reservoir-heavily-damaged-heavily-corroded-or-leaking", "item_name": "Pressure storage reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort not recording at a wheel\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at a wheel | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking effort not recording at a wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-2-1-braking-effort-not-recording-at-a-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-2-1-braking-effort-not-recording-at-a-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at a wheel | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort not recording at a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-2-2-service-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-2-2-service-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort not recording at any wheel\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at any wheel | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking effort not recording at any wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-3-1-braking-effort-not-recording-at-any-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-3-1-braking-effort-not-recording-at-any-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at any wheel | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort not recording at any wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-3-2-parking-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-3-2-parking-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-4-2-parking-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-1-4-2-parking-brake-efficiency-less-than-50-of-the-required-value", "item_name": "Efficiency", "item_number": "1.4.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-retaining-devices-dangerously-loose-or-relative-movement-to.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-retaining-devices-dangerously-loose-or-relative-movement-to", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-excessive-movement-between-components-or-likel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-excessive-movement-between-components-or-likel", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-such-that-there-is-a-serious.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-such-that-there-is-a-serious", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering play\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-3-free-play-in-the-steering-measured-at-the-rim-of-the-steering-wheel-is-excessive.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-2-3-free-play-in-the-steering-measured-at-the-rim-of-the-steering-wheel-is-excessive", "item_name": "Steering play", "item_number": "2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An obstruction significantly affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Field of vision\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | An obstruction significantly affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An obstruction significantly affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-3-1-an-obstruction-significantly-affecting-the-driver-s-view-of-the-road-through-the.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-3-1-an-obstruction-significantly-affecting-the-driver-s-view-of-the-road-through-the", "item_name": "Field of vision", "item_number": "3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | An obstruction significantly affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An obstruction significantly affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-damaged-or-seriously-discoloured-and-affecting-the-driver-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-damaged-or-seriously-discoloured-and-affecting-the-driver-s", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver\u2019s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than \u00bd not functioning in the case of LED\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than \u00bd not functioning in the case of LED | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than \u00bd not functioning in the case of LED", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-1-1-a-headlamp-missing-inoperative-or-more-than-not-functioning-in-the-case-of-led.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-1-1-a-headlamp-missing-inoperative-or-more-than-not-functioning-in-the-case-of-led", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than \u00bd not functioning in the case of LED | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than \u00bd not functioning in the case of LED \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID)\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Headlamp cleaning devices\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID) | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID)", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-1-6-headlamp-cleaning-device-inoperative-in-the-case-of-led-or-gas-discharge-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-1-6-headlamp-cleaning-device-inoperative-in-the-case-of-led-or-gas-discharge-systems", "item_name": "Headlamp cleaning devices", "item_number": "4.1.6", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID) | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-10-a-trailer-electrical-socket-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-10-a-trailer-electrical-socket-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insecure-and-in-contact-with-sharp-edges-or-connectors-likely-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insecure-and-in-contact-with-sharp-edges-or-connectors-likely-", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-13-a-battery-insecure-and-likely-to-fall-from-carrier-or-cause-a-short-circuit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-13-a-battery-insecure-and-likely-to-fall-from-carrier-or-cause-a-short-circuit", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-2-1-lamp-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-light-source-more-than-a-h.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-2-1-lamp-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-light-source-more-than-a-h", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-2-3-lamp-showing-red-light-to-the-front-white-light-to-the-rear-or-has-heavily-reduc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-2-3-lamp-showing-red-light-to-the-front-white-light-to-the-rear-or-has-heavily-reduc", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Stop lamp(s) missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-light-source-more-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-light-source-more-t", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Stop lamp(s) missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) switch with a delay in operation\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Stop lamp(s) switch with a delay in operation | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) switch with a delay in operation", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-switch-with-a-delay-in-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-switch-with-a-delay-in-operation", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Stop lamp(s) switch with a delay in operation | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) switch with a delay in operation \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stop lamp not showing a steady red light or has significantly reduced light intensity\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A stop lamp not showing a steady red light or has significantly reduced light intensity | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A stop lamp not showing a steady red light or has significantly reduced light intensity", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-not-showing-a-steady-red-light-or-has-significantly-reduced-light-in.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-not-showing-a-steady-red-light-or-has-significantly-reduced-light-in", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.3.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A stop lamp not showing a steady red light or has significantly reduced light intensity | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stop lamp not showing a steady red light or has significantly reduced light intensity \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-4-1-a-direction-indicator-lamp-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-ligh.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-4-1-a-direction-indicator-lamp-missing-inoperative-or-in-the-case-of-a-multiple-ligh", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Indicator or hazard warning switch inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Indicator or hazard warning switch inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Indicator or hazard warning switch inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-4-2-indicator-or-hazard-warning-switch-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-4-2-indicator-or-hazard-warning-switch-inoperative", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.4.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Indicator or hazard warning switch inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Indicator or hazard warning switch inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-5-1-an-obligatory-rear-fog-lamp-missing-or-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-inoperative-or-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-5-1-an-obligatory-rear-fog-lamp-missing-or-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-inoperative-or-i", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-8-1-reflector-defective-or-damaged-by-more-than-50-of-the-reflecting-surface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-8-1-reflector-defective-or-damaged-by-more-than-50-of-the-reflecting-surface", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector defective or damaged by more than 50% of the reflecting surface \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector missing or reflecting white to the rear\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Reflector missing or reflecting white to the rear | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reflector missing or reflecting white to the rear", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-8-2-reflector-missing-or-reflecting-white-to-the-rear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-8-2-reflector-missing-or-reflecting-white-to-the-rear", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.8.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Reflector missing or reflecting white to the rear | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector missing or reflecting white to the rear \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A mandatory tell-tale for main beam headlamp or rear fog lamp missing or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.9.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A mandatory tell-tale for main beam headlamp or rear fog lamp missing or inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A mandatory tell-tale for main beam headlamp or rear fog lamp missing or inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-9-1-a-mandatory-tell-tale-for-main-beam-headlamp-or-rear-fog-lamp-missing-or-inopera.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-4-9-1-a-mandatory-tell-tale-for-main-beam-headlamp-or-rear-fog-lamp-missing-or-inopera", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.9.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A mandatory tell-tale for main beam headlamp or rear fog lamp missing or inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A mandatory tell-tale for main beam headlamp or rear fog lamp missing or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel bearing play so excessive it is likely to break up or directional control impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A wheel bearing play so excessive it is likely to break up or directional control impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A wheel bearing play so excessive it is likely to break up or directional control impaired", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-play-so-excessive-it-is-likely-to-break-up-or-directional-contro.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-play-so-excessive-it-is-likely-to-break-up-or-directional-contro", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A wheel bearing play so excessive it is likely to break up or directional control impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel bearing play so excessive it is likely to break up or directional control impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel with more than one loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel and hub\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A wheel with more than one loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A wheel with more than one loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-2-1-a-wheel-with-more-than-one-loose-or-missing-wheel-nut-bolt-or-stud.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-2-1-a-wheel-with-more-than-one-loose-or-missing-wheel-nut-bolt-or-stud", "item_name": "Road wheel and hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A wheel with more than one loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel with more than one loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre load capacity insufficient for axle presented weight\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A tyre load capacity insufficient for axle presented weight | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A tyre load capacity insufficient for axle presented weight", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-2-3-a-tyre-load-capacity-insufficient-for-axle-presented-weight.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-2-3-a-tyre-load-capacity-insufficient-for-axle-presented-weight", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A tyre load capacity insufficient for axle presented weight | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre load capacity insufficient for axle presented weight \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring with fixings loose to the extent that relative movement is visible\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A spring with fixings loose to the extent that relative movement is visible | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spring with fixings loose to the extent that relative movement is visible", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-with-fixings-loose-to-the-extent-that-relative-movement-is-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-with-fixings-loose-to-the-extent-that-relative-movement-is-visible", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A spring with fixings loose to the extent that relative movement is visible | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring with fixings loose to the extent that relative movement is visible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A shock absorber missing or likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A shock absorber missing or likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A shock absorber missing or likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-missing-or-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-missing-or-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A shock absorber missing or likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A shock absorber missing or likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component missing, likely to become detached or directional stability impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A suspension component missing, likely to become detached or directional stability impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A suspension component missing, likely to become detached or directional stability impaired", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-missing-likely-to-become-detached-or-directional-stabilit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-missing-likely-to-become-detached-or-directional-stabilit", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A suspension component missing, likely to become detached or directional stability impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component missing, likely to become detached or directional stability impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints, pins and bushes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-4-a-suspension-pin-bush-joint-or-bearing-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-4-a-suspension-pin-bush-joint-or-bearing-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Suspension joints, pins and bushes", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete suspension system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-sub-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-5-3-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-sub-", "item_name": "Complete suspension system", "item_number": "5.3.6", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-fractured-or-deformed-such-that-steering-o.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-fractured-or-deformed-such-that-steering-o", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure such that there is a risk of fire\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure such that there is a risk of fire | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure such that there is a risk of fire", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-3-fuel-tank-pipe-or-hose-insecure-such-that-there-is-a-risk-of-fire.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-3-fuel-tank-pipe-or-hose-insecure-such-that-there-is-a-risk-of-fire", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure such that there is a risk of fire | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure such that there is a risk of fire \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Bumper likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Bumpers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Bumper likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Bumper likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-4-bumper-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-4-bumper-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Bumpers", "item_number": "6.1.4", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Bumper likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Bumper likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A transmission shaft likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A transmission shaft likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A transmission shaft likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An engine mounting or bracket fractured, missing or excessively loose\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Engine mountings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | An engine mounting or bracket fractured, missing or excessively loose | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "An engine mounting or bracket fractured, missing or excessively loose", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-8-an-engine-mounting-or-bracket-fractured-missing-or-excessively-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-1-8-an-engine-mounting-or-bracket-fractured-missing-or-excessively-loose", "item_name": "Engine mountings", "item_number": "6.1.8", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | An engine mounting or bracket fractured, missing or excessively loose | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An engine mounting or bracket fractured, missing or excessively loose \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body panel or body component likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A body panel or body component likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A body panel or body component likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-1-a-body-panel-or-body-component-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-1-a-body-panel-or-body-component-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A body panel or body component likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body panel or body component likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body or cab insecure to the extent that stability is seriously impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A body or cab insecure to the extent that stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A body or cab insecure to the extent that stability is seriously impaired", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-insecure-to-the-extent-that-stability-is-seriously-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-insecure-to-the-extent-that-stability-is-seriously-impaired", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A body or cab insecure to the extent that stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body or cab insecure to the extent that stability is seriously impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A floor so deteriorated or insecure it is likely to cause loss of control of the vehicle, injury, load insecurity or instability\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Floor\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A floor so deteriorated or insecure it is likely to cause loss of control of the vehicle, injury, load insecurity or instability | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A floor so deteriorated or insecure it is likely to cause loss of control of the vehicle, injury, load insecurity or instability", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-4-a-floor-so-deteriorated-or-insecure-it-is-likely-to-cause-loss-of-control-of-the.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-4-a-floor-so-deteriorated-or-insecure-it-is-likely-to-cause-loss-of-control-of-the", "item_name": "Floor", "item_number": "6.2.4", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A floor so deteriorated or insecure it is likely to cause loss of control of the vehicle, injury, load insecurity or instability | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A floor so deteriorated or insecure it is likely to cause loss of control of the vehicle, injury, load insecurity or instability \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driver\u2019s seat insecure\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A driver\u2019s seat insecure | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A driver\u2019s seat insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-insecure", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A driver\u2019s seat insecure | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driver\u2019s seat insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A passenger seat insecure\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Passenger seats\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A passenger seat insecure | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A passenger seat insecure", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-6-a-passenger-seat-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-6-a-passenger-seat-insecure", "item_name": "Passenger seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A passenger seat insecure | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A passenger seat insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not working or functioning such that safe operation of the vehicle is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driving controls\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not working or functioning such that safe operation of the vehicle is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not working or functioning such that safe operation of the vehicle is affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-7-a-driving-control-necessary-for-the-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle-not-working-or.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-7-a-driving-control-necessary-for-the-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle-not-working-or", "item_name": "Driving controls", "item_number": "6.2.7", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not working or functioning such that safe operation of the vehicle is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not working or functioning such that safe operation of the vehicle is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A cab step or step ring so insecure that it is likely to cause injury\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | A cab step or step ring so insecure that it is likely to cause injury | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A cab step or step ring so insecure that it is likely to cause injury", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-so-insecure-that-it-is-likely-to-cause-injury.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-so-insecure-that-it-is-likely-to-cause-injury", "item_name": "Cab steps (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | A cab step or step ring so insecure that it is likely to cause injury | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A cab step or step ring so insecure that it is likely to cause injury \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) anchorage likely to become detached in the event of a collision\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) anchorage likely to become detached in the event of a collision | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) anchorage likely to become detached in the event of a collision", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-7-1-1-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-seat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-7-1-1-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-seat", "item_name": "Seat belt security", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) anchorage likely to become detached in the event of a collision | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a \u2019prescribed area\u2019) anchorage likely to become detached in the event of a collision \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fluid leaking continuously and likely to pose a serious risk to road safety\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fluid leaks\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Fluid leaking continuously and likely to pose a serious risk to road safety | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Fluid leaking continuously and likely to pose a serious risk to road safety", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-8-4-1-fluid-leaking-continuously-and-likely-to-pose-a-serious-risk-to-road-safety.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-ii-8-4-1-fluid-leaking-continuously-and-likely-to-pose-a-serious-risk-to-road-safety", "item_name": "Fluid leaks", "item_number": "8.4.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Fluid leaking continuously and likely to pose a serious risk to road safety | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fluid leaking continuously and likely to pose a serious risk to road safety \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring likely to touch hot or rotating parts, drag on the ground or the connectors for braking or steering disconnected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(iii) | Electrical wiring likely to touch hot or rotating parts, drag on the ground or the connectors for braking or steering disconnected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Electrical wiring likely to touch hot or rotating parts, drag on the ground or the connectors for braking or steering disconnected", "defect_reference": "(a)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-likely-to-touch-hot-or-rotating-parts-drag-on-the-ground-or-th.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-likely-to-touch-hot-or-rotating-parts-drag-on-the-ground-or-th", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a)(iii) | Electrical wiring likely to touch hot or rotating parts, drag on the ground or the connectors for braking or steering disconnected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring likely to touch hot or rotating parts, drag on the ground or the connectors for braking or steering disconnected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) all missing or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(iii) | Stop lamp(s) all missing or inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) all missing or inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-all-missing-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-3-1-stop-lamp-s-all-missing-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a)(iii) | Stop lamp(s) all missing or inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) all missing or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) remain on when the brakes are released\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (a)(iii) | Stop lamp(s) remain on when the brakes are released | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stop lamp(s) remain on when the brakes are released", "defect_reference": "(a)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-remain-on-when-the-brakes-are-released.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-a-iii-4-3-2-stop-lamp-s-remain-on-when-the-brakes-are-released", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a)(iii) | Stop lamp(s) remain on when the brakes are released | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stop lamp(s) remain on when the brakes are released \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear or free play\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever pivot\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear or free play | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear or free play", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-1-excessive-wear-or-free-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-1-excessive-wear-or-free-play", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever pivot", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear or free play | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear or free play \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Contaminated with oil, grease etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Contaminated with oil, grease etc.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-14-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-14-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(b) | Contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Contaminated with oil, grease etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Component excessively worn or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Component excessively worn or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Component excessively worn or corroded", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(b) | Component excessively worn or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component excessively worn or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Load sensing valve linkage obviously incorrectly adjusted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Load sensing valve linkage obviously incorrectly adjusted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Load sensing valve linkage obviously incorrectly adjusted", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-linkage-obviously-incorrectly-adjusted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-linkage-obviously-incorrectly-adjusted", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(b) | Load sensing valve linkage obviously incorrectly adjusted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load sensing valve linkage obviously incorrectly adjusted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Adjuster defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake slack adjuster\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Adjuster defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Adjuster defective", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-18-adjuster-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-18-adjuster-defective", "item_name": "Brake slack adjuster", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(b) | Adjuster defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjuster defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Endurance braking system obviously defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Endurance braking system obviously defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Endurance braking system obviously defective", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-obviously-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-19-endurance-braking-system-obviously-defective", "item_name": "Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(b) | Endurance braking system obviously defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Endurance braking system obviously defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-3-time-taken-to-build-up-air-pressure-vacuum-to-safe-working-value-not-in-accordan.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-3-time-taken-to-build-up-air-pressure-vacuum-to-safe-working-value-not-in-accordan", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Control insecure on valve or valve insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Control insecure on valve or valve insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control insecure on valve or valve insecure", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-5-control-insecure-on-valve-or-valve-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-5-control-insecure-on-valve-or-valve-insecure", "item_name": "Hand operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Control insecure on valve or valve insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control insecure on valve or valve insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive oil discharge from a compressor or brake valve\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Excessive oil discharge from a compressor or brake valve | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Excessive oil discharge from a compressor or brake valve", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-7-excessive-oil-discharge-from-a-compressor-or-brake-valve.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-1-7-excessive-oil-discharge-from-a-compressor-or-brake-valve", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive oil discharge from a compressor or brake valve | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive oil discharge from a compressor or brake valve \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** System obviously inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder) performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | System obviously inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System obviously inoperative", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-5-system-obviously-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-5-system-obviously-inoperative", "item_name": "Additional braking device (retarder) performance", "item_number": "1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | System obviously inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System obviously inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device shows system malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Warning device shows system malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device shows system malfunction", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-6-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-6-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Warning device shows system malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device shows system malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device shows system malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic braking system (EBS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Warning device shows system malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device shows system malfunction", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-7-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-1-7-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Electronic braking system (EBS)", "item_number": "1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Warning device shows system malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device shows system malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering lock-stop missing or incorrectly adjusted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Steering lock-stop missing or incorrectly adjusted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering lock-stop missing or incorrectly adjusted", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-2-1-4-steering-lock-stop-missing-or-incorrectly-adjusted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-2-1-4-steering-lock-stop-missing-or-incorrectly-adjusted", "item_name": "Steering linkage operation", "item_number": "2.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Steering lock-stop missing or incorrectly adjusted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering lock-stop missing or incorrectly adjusted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive radial movement between the top of the steering column and the shaft indicating an excessively worn top bearing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Excessive radial movement between the top of the steering column and the shaft indicating an excessively worn top bearing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive radial movement between the top of the steering column and the shaft indicating an excessively worn top bearing", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-2-2-2-excessive-radial-movement-between-the-top-of-the-steering-column-and-the-shaft-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-2-2-2-excessive-radial-movement-between-the-top-of-the-steering-column-and-the-shaft-i", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive radial movement between the top of the steering column and the shaft indicating an excessively worn top bearing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive radial movement between the top of the steering column and the shaft indicating an excessively worn top bearing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp aim unable to be tested\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Headlamp alignment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Headlamp aim unable to be tested | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp aim unable to be tested", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-2-headlamp-aim-unable-to-be-tested.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-2-headlamp-aim-unable-to-be-tested", "item_name": "Headlamp alignment", "item_number": "4.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Headlamp aim unable to be tested | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp aim unable to be tested \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp \u2018dip\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Headlamp \u2018dip\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp \u2018dip\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-3-headlamp-dip-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-3-headlamp-dip-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Headlamp \u2018dip\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp \u2018dip\u2019 switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour to other than white or yellow\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour to other than white or yellow | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour to other than white or yellow", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-4-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduces-light-intensity-or-c.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-4-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduces-light-intensity-or-c", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour to other than white or yellow | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour to other than white or yellow \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Manual levelling device cannot be operated from the driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Levelling devices\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Manual levelling device cannot be operated from the driver\u2019s seat | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Manual levelling device cannot be operated from the driver\u2019s seat", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-5-manual-levelling-device-cannot-be-operated-from-the-driver-s-seat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-1-5-manual-levelling-device-cannot-be-operated-from-the-driver-s-seat", "item_name": "Levelling devices", "item_number": "4.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Manual levelling device cannot be operated from the driver\u2019s seat | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Manual levelling device cannot be operated from the driver\u2019s seat \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A battery leaking\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A battery leaking | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A battery leaking", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-13-a-battery-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-13-a-battery-leaking", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(b) | A battery leaking | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A battery leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Defective lens\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Defective lens | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective lens", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-2-1-defective-lens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-2-1-defective-lens", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective lens | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective lens \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Function of the switch impaired\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Function of the switch impaired | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Function of the switch impaired", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-2-2-function-of-the-switch-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-2-2-function-of-the-switch-impaired", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Function of the switch impaired | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Function of the switch impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stop lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A stop lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A stop lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-3-3-a-stop-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.3.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A stop lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stop lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A direction indicator lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A direction indicator lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A direction indicator lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-4-3-a-direction-indicator-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-4-3-a-direction-indicator-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.4.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A direction indicator lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A direction indicator lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A rear fog lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A rear fog lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A rear fog lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-5-4-a-rear-fog-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-5-4-a-rear-fog-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.5.4", "source_quote": "(b) | A rear fog lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A rear fog lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A reversing lamp lens defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A reversing lamp lens defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A reversing lamp lens defective", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-lens-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-lens-defective", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(b) | A reversing lamp lens defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A reversing lamp lens defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-2-3-tyres-on-the-same-axle-or-on-twin-wheels-are-different-sizes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-2-3-tyres-on-the-same-axle-or-on-twin-wheels-are-different-sizes", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A shock absorber damaged to the extent that it does not function or showing signs of severe leakage\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A shock absorber damaged to the extent that it does not function or showing signs of severe leakage | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A shock absorber damaged to the extent that it does not function or showing signs of severe leakage", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-damaged-to-the-extent-that-it-does-not-function-or-showing-sign.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-damaged-to-the-extent-that-it-does-not-function-or-showing-sign", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(b) | A shock absorber damaged to the extent that it does not function or showing signs of severe leakage | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A shock absorber damaged to the extent that it does not function or showing signs of severe leakage \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Suspension retaining or locking device ineffective or missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete suspension system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Suspension retaining or locking device ineffective or missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Suspension retaining or locking device ineffective or missing", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-3-6-suspension-retaining-or-locking-device-ineffective-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-5-3-6-suspension-retaining-or-locking-device-ineffective-or-missing", "item_name": "Complete suspension system", "item_number": "5.3.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Suspension retaining or locking device ineffective or missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Suspension retaining or locking device ineffective or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body or cab obviously not squarely located on chassis\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A body or cab obviously not squarely located on chassis | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A body or cab obviously not squarely located on chassis", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-obviously-not-squarely-located-on-chassis.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-6-2-2-a-body-or-cab-obviously-not-squarely-located-on-chassis", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | A body or cab obviously not squarely located on chassis | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body or cab obviously not squarely located on chassis \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A cab step or step ring in such a condition that it is likely to cause injury\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A cab step or step ring in such a condition that it is likely to cause injury | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A cab step or step ring in such a condition that it is likely to cause injury", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-in-such-a-condition-that-it-is-likely-to-cause-injury.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-6-2-8-a-cab-step-or-step-ring-in-such-a-condition-that-it-is-likely-to-cause-injury", "item_name": "Cab steps (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(b) | A cab step or step ring in such a condition that it is likely to cause injury | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A cab step or step ring in such a condition that it is likely to cause injury \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Seat belt anchorage loose\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Seat belt anchorage loose | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seat belt anchorage loose", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-1-1-seat-belt-anchorage-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-1-1-seat-belt-anchorage-loose", "item_name": "Seat belt security", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Seat belt anchorage loose | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat belt anchorage loose \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A seat belt webbing or flexible stalk significantly stretched, damaged or weakened\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | A seat belt webbing or flexible stalk significantly stretched, damaged or weakened | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A seat belt webbing or flexible stalk significantly stretched, damaged or weakened", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-1-2-a-seat-belt-webbing-or-flexible-stalk-significantly-stretched-damaged-or-weakene.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-1-2-a-seat-belt-webbing-or-flexible-stalk-significantly-stretched-damaged-or-weakene", "item_name": "Seat belt fitment and condition", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | A seat belt webbing or flexible stalk significantly stretched, damaged or weakened | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A seat belt webbing or flexible stalk significantly stretched, damaged or weakened \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speed limiter obviously not operational\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Speed limiter obviously not operational | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speed limiter obviously not operational", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-10-speed-limiter-obviously-not-operational.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-10-speed-limiter-obviously-not-operational", "item_name": "Speed limiter (if required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Speed limiter obviously not operational | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speed limiter obviously not operational \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** ESC wiring damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | ESC wiring damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "ESC wiring damaged", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-12-esc-wiring-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-12-esc-wiring-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic stability control (ESC)", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(b) | ESC wiring damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ESC wiring damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering lock inadvertently engaging\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-theft device\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Steering lock inadvertently engaging | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering lock inadvertently engaging", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-3-steering-lock-inadvertently-engaging.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-3-steering-lock-inadvertently-engaging", "item_name": "Anti-theft device", "item_number": "7.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Steering lock inadvertently engaging | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering lock inadvertently engaging \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Audible warning control insecure\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning (horn)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Audible warning control insecure | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Audible warning control insecure", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-7-audible-warning-control-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-7-7-audible-warning-control-insecure", "item_name": "Audible warning (horn)", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Audible warning control insecure | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Audible warning control insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-1-1-an-induction-or-exhaust-leak-that-could-affect-emissions-levels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-1-1-an-induction-or-exhaust-leak-that-could-affect-emissions-levels", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emissions levels exceed default limits\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Emissions levels exceed default limits | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emissions levels exceed default limits", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-1-2-emissions-levels-exceed-default-limits.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-1-2-emissions-levels-exceed-default-limits", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Emissions levels exceed default limits | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emissions levels exceed default limits \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-2-1-an-induction-or-exhaust-leak-that-could-affect-emissions-levels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-2-1-an-induction-or-exhaust-leak-that-could-affect-emissions-levels", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Smoke opacity levels exceed default limit\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b) | Smoke opacity levels exceed default limit | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Smoke opacity levels exceed default limit", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-2-2-smoke-opacity-levels-exceed-default-limit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-8-2-2-2-smoke-opacity-levels-exceed-default-limit", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Smoke opacity levels exceed default limit | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Smoke opacity levels exceed default limit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder defective but brake still operating\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking brake pipe or connection on an air brake system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Leaking brake pipe or connection on an air brake system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Leaking brake pipe or connection on an air brake system", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection-on-an-air-brake-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection-on-an-air-brake-system", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Leaking brake pipe or connection on an air brake system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking brake pipe or connection on an air brake system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-slightly-damaged-chafed-or-twisted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-slightly-damaged-chafed-or-twisted", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator leaking and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Actuator leaking and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator leaking and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-16-actuator-leaking-and-braking-performance-not-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-16-actuator-leaking-and-braking-performance-not-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Actuator leaking and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator leaking and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Service brake control not releasing correctly\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Service brake control not releasing correctly | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Service brake control not releasing correctly", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-2-service-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-2-service-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Service brake control not releasing correctly | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Service brake control not releasing correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Air or antifreeze leaking\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Air or antifreeze leaking | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Air or antifreeze leaking", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-21-air-or-antifreeze-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-21-air-or-antifreeze-leaking", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Air or antifreeze leaking | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Air or antifreeze leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism obviously worn\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism obviously worn | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism obviously worn", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-pivot-or-ratchet-mechanism-obviously-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-pivot-or-ratchet-mechanism-obviously-worn", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism obviously worn | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism obviously worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Drain device on an air brake system operation affected\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Drain device on an air brake system operation affected | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Drain device on an air brake system operation affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-9-drain-device-on-an-air-brake-system-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-1-9-drain-device-on-an-air-brake-system-operation-affected", "item_name": "Pressure storage reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Drain device on an air brake system operation affected | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drain device on an air brake system operation affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-2-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-2-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-3-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-1-3-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft twisted or splines excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Sector shaft twisted or splines excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Sector shaft twisted or splines excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Sector shaft twisted or splines excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft twisted or splines excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fixing-holes-in-chassis-elongated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fixing-holes-in-chassis-elongated", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering ball joint with excessive wear or free play\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A steering ball joint with excessive wear or free play | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A steering ball joint with excessive wear or free play", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-3-a-steering-ball-joint-with-excessive-wear-or-free-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-3-a-steering-ball-joint-with-excessive-wear-or-free-play", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A steering ball joint with excessive wear or free play | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering ball joint with excessive wear or free play \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering fluid level below minimum mark\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Power steering fluid level below minimum mark | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Power steering fluid level below minimum mark", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-level-below-minimum-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-level-below-minimum-mark", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Power steering fluid level below minimum mark | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering fluid level below minimum mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering wheel retaining device missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Steering wheel retaining device missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering wheel retaining device missing", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-2-1-steering-wheel-retaining-device-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-2-1-steering-wheel-retaining-device-missing", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Steering wheel retaining device missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering wheel retaining device missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic power steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-6-on-fly-by-wire-systems-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-road.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-2-6-on-fly-by-wire-systems-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-road", "item_name": "Electronic power steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A bonnet which cannot be safely secured in the closed position\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Field of vision\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A bonnet which cannot be safely secured in the closed position | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A bonnet which cannot be safely secured in the closed position", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-1-a-bonnet-which-cannot-be-safely-secured-in-the-closed-position.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-1-a-bonnet-which-cannot-be-safely-secured-in-the-closed-position", "item_name": "Field of vision", "item_number": "3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A bonnet which cannot be safely secured in the closed position | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A bonnet which cannot be safely secured in the closed position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window excessively tinted but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Windscreen or window excessively tinted but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Windscreen or window excessively tinted but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-excessively-tinted-but-not-adversely-affecting-driver-s-vie.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-excessively-tinted-but-not-adversely-affecting-driver-s-vie", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Windscreen or window excessively tinted but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window excessively tinted but not adversely affecting driver\u2019s view \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wiper blade defective\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Wiper blade defective | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Wiper blade defective", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-4-wiper-blade-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-3-4-wiper-blade-defective", "item_name": "Windscreen wipers", "item_number": "3.4", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Wiper blade defective | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiper blade defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp reflector or lens slightly defective\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Headlamp reflector or lens slightly defective | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Headlamp reflector or lens slightly defective", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-1-1-headlamp-reflector-or-lens-slightly-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-1-1-headlamp-reflector-or-lens-slightly-defective", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Headlamp reflector or lens slightly defective | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp reflector or lens slightly defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-10-trailer-electrical-socket-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-10-trailer-electrical-socket-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring slightly deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Electrical wiring slightly deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Electrical wiring slightly deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-slightly-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-slightly-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Electrical wiring slightly deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring slightly deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-2-3-a-lamp-with-a-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduces-light-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-2-3-a-lamp-with-a-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduces-light-", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which obviously reduces light intensity or changes emitted colour \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-3-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-3-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-4-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-4-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-5-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-5-1-a-lens-defective-which-has-no-effect-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective which has no effect on emitted light \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has 2 or more lamps or light sources\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has 2 or more lamps or light sources | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has 2 or more lamps or light sources", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-or-light-source-missing-or-inoperative-when-rear-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-or-light-source-missing-or-inoperative-when-rear-", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has 2 or more lamps or light sources | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has 2 or more lamps or light sources \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Reflector not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reflector not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-8-1-reflector-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-4-8-1-reflector-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Reflector not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An axle insecure or with loose fixing bolts\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | An axle insecure or with loose fixing bolts | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An axle insecure or with loose fixing bolts", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-1-an-axle-insecure-or-with-loose-fixing-bolts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-1-an-axle-insecure-or-with-loose-fixing-bolts", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | An axle insecure or with loose fixing bolts | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An axle insecure or with loose fixing bolts \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-swivel-pin-and-or-bush-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-swivel-pin-and-or-bush-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel bearing excessively rough\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A wheel bearing excessively rough | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A wheel bearing excessively rough", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-excessively-rough.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-excessively-rough", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A wheel bearing excessively rough | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel bearing excessively rough \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spigot mounted wheel hub excessively worn or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel and hub\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A spigot mounted wheel hub excessively worn or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spigot mounted wheel hub excessively worn or damaged", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-2-1-a-spigot-mounted-wheel-hub-excessively-worn-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-2-1-a-spigot-mounted-wheel-hub-excessively-worn-or-damaged", "item_name": "Road wheel and hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A spigot mounted wheel hub excessively worn or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spigot mounted wheel hub excessively worn or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre retaining ring not correctly fitted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A tyre retaining ring not correctly fitted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre retaining ring not correctly fitted", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-2-2-a-tyre-retaining-ring-not-correctly-fitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-2-2-a-tyre-retaining-ring-not-correctly-fitted", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A tyre retaining ring not correctly fitted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre retaining ring not correctly fitted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-1-a-spring-or-spring-component-fractured-or-seriously-weakened.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-1-a-spring-or-spring-component-fractured-or-seriously-weakened", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component excessively damaged or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A suspension component excessively damaged or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A suspension component excessively damaged or corroded", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-excessively-damaged-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-excessively-damaged-or-corroded", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A suspension component excessively damaged or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component excessively damaged or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension joint dust cover severely deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints, pins and bushes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A suspension joint dust cover severely deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A suspension joint dust cover severely deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-4-a-suspension-joint-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-4-a-suspension-joint-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Suspension joints, pins and bushes", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A suspension joint dust cover severely deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension joint dust cover severely deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that it would adversely affect the functioning of the system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gas, air and fluid suspension\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that it would adversely affect the functioning of the system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that it would adversely affect the functioning of the system", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-", "item_name": "Gas, air and fluid suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that it would adversely affect the functioning of the system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that it would adversely affect the functioning of the system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Strengthening plates or fastenings insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Strengthening plates or fastenings insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Strengthening plates or fastenings insecure", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-1-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-1-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings-insecure", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Strengthening plates or fastenings insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Strengthening plates or fastenings insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust fumes entering cabin\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Exhaust fumes entering cabin | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust fumes entering cabin", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-2-exhaust-fumes-entering-cabin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-2-exhaust-fumes-entering-cabin", "item_name": "Exhaust system", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Exhaust fumes entering cabin | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust fumes entering cabin \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-3-fuel-system-leaking-or-missing-or-ineffective-filler-cap.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-3-fuel-system-leaking-or-missing-or-ineffective-filler-cap", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spare wheel insecure in carrier\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A spare wheel insecure in carrier | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spare wheel insecure in carrier", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-insecure-in-carrier.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-insecure-in-carrier", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A spare wheel insecure in carrier | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spare wheel insecure in carrier \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar component excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A towbar component excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A towbar component excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A towbar component excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar component excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft bearing excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A transmission shaft bearing excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft bearing excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A transmission shaft bearing excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft bearing excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body pillar insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A body pillar insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A body pillar insecure", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-1-a-body-pillar-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-1-a-body-pillar-insecure", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A body pillar insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body pillar insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a sliding door\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a sliding door | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a sliding door", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-not-remain-closed-in-the-case-of-a-slidin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-not-remain-closed-in-the-case-of-a-slidin", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a sliding door | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a sliding door \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driver\u2019s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not working as intended\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | A driver\u2019s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not working as intended | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A driver\u2019s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not working as intended", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-fore-and-aft-adjustment-mechanism-not-working-as-intended.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-fore-and-aft-adjustment-mechanism-not-working-as-intended", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | A driver\u2019s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not working as intended | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driver\u2019s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not working as intended \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speedometer operation impaired\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Speedometer operation impaired | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Speedometer operation impaired", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-7-8-speedometer-operation-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-7-8-speedometer-operation-impaired", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Speedometer operation impaired | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speedometer operation impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of the noise suppression system insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(i) | Any part of the noise suppression system insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any part of the noise suppression system insecure", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-i-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-insecure", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Any part of the noise suppression system insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of the noise suppression system insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder leaking\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Master cylinder leaking | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Master cylinder leaking", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-10-master-cylinder-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-10-master-cylinder-leaking", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Master cylinder leaking | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection-on-a-hydraulic-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection-on-a-hydraulic-system", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-excessively-damaged-deteriorated-chafed-twisted-or-stretched.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-excessively-damaged-deteriorated-chafed-twisted-or-stretched", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator leaking and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Actuator leaking and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Actuator leaking and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-16-actuator-leaking-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-16-actuator-leaking-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Actuator leaking and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator leaking and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Service brake control functionality of brakes affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Service brake control functionality of brakes affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Service brake control functionality of brakes affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-2-service-brake-control-functionality-of-brakes-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-2-service-brake-control-functionality-of-brakes-affected", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Service brake control functionality of brakes affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Service brake control functionality of brakes affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Air or antifreeze to the extent that braking performance is affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Air or antifreeze to the extent that braking performance is affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Air or antifreeze to the extent that braking performance is affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-21-air-or-antifreeze-to-the-extent-that-braking-performance-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-21-air-or-antifreeze-to-the-extent-that-braking-performance-is-affected", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Air or antifreeze to the extent that braking performance is affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Air or antifreeze to the extent that braking performance is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism worn to the extent that the brake may inadvertently release\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism worn to the extent that the brake may inadvertently release | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism worn to the extent that the brake may inadvertently release", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-pivot-or-ratchet-mechanism-worn-to-the-extent-that-the-brake.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-pivot-or-ratchet-mechanism-worn-to-the-extent-that-the-brake", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism worn to the extent that the brake may inadvertently release | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake lever pivot or ratchet mechanism worn to the extent that the brake may inadvertently release \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Drain device on an air brake system inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Drain device on an air brake system inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Drain device on an air brake system inoperative", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-9-drain-device-on-an-air-brake-system-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-1-9-drain-device-on-an-air-brake-system-inoperative", "item_name": "Pressure storage reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Drain device on an air brake system inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drain device on an air brake system inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-2-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-2-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-3-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-1-3-1-brakes-imbalance-across-an-axle-such-that-the-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-l", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 50% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on a steered axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft twisted or splines worn to the extent that functionality is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn to the extent that functionality is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Sector shaft twisted or splines worn to the extent that functionality is affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-worn-to-the-extent-that-functionality-is-affecte.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-worn-to-the-extent-that-functionality-is-affecte", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn to the extent that functionality is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft twisted or splines worn to the extent that functionality is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated to the extent that attachment is seriously affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated to the extent that attachment is seriously affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated to the extent that attachment is seriously affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fixing-holes-in-chassis-elongated-to-the-extent-that-attach.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fixing-holes-in-chassis-elongated-to-the-extent-that-attach", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated to the extent that attachment is seriously affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing fixing holes in chassis elongated to the extent that attachment is seriously affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-ball-joint-worn-to-the-extent-there-is-a-serious-risk-of-detachment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-ball-joint-worn-to-the-extent-there-is-a-serious-risk-of-detachment", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering fluid reservoir empty\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Power steering fluid reservoir empty | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering fluid reservoir empty", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-reservoir-empty.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-fluid-reservoir-empty", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Power steering fluid reservoir empty | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering fluid reservoir empty \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering wheel likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Steering wheel likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering wheel likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-2-1-steering-wheel-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-2-1-steering-wheel-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Steering wheel likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering wheel likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent to the extent that the steering is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic power steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent to the extent that the steering is adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent to the extent that the steering is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-6-on-fly-by-wire-systems-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-road.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-2-6-on-fly-by-wire-systems-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-road", "item_name": "Electronic power steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent to the extent that the steering is adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "On \u2018fly by wire systems\u2019, the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the road wheels is inconsistent to the extent that the steering is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A bonnet seriously at risk of opening inadvertently\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Field of vision\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A bonnet seriously at risk of opening inadvertently | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A bonnet seriously at risk of opening inadvertently", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-1-a-bonnet-seriously-at-risk-of-opening-inadvertently.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-1-a-bonnet-seriously-at-risk-of-opening-inadvertently", "item_name": "Field of vision", "item_number": "3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A bonnet seriously at risk of opening inadvertently | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A bonnet seriously at risk of opening inadvertently \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window excessively tinted and visibility through swept area of windscreen or of an obligatory external mirror seriously affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Windscreen or window excessively tinted and visibility through swept area of windscreen or of an obligatory external mirror seriously affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Windscreen or window excessively tinted and visibility through swept area of windscreen or of an obligatory external mirror seriously affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-excessively-tinted-and-visibility-through-swept-area-of-win.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-excessively-tinted-and-visibility-through-swept-area-of-win", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Windscreen or window excessively tinted and visibility through swept area of windscreen or of an obligatory external mirror seriously affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window excessively tinted and visibility through swept area of windscreen or of an obligatory external mirror seriously affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-4-wiper-blade-missing-or-obviously-not-clearing-the-windscreen.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-3-4-wiper-blade-missing-or-obviously-not-clearing-the-windscreen", "item_name": "Windscreen wipers", "item_number": "3.4", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-1-1-headlamp-reflector-or-lens-seriously-defective-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-1-1-headlamp-reflector-or-lens-seriously-defective-or-missing", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated and likely to cause a short-circuit\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated and likely to cause a short-circuit | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated and likely to cause a short-circuit", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-10-trailer-electrical-socket-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated-and-likely-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-10-trailer-electrical-socket-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated-and-likely-t", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated and likely to cause a short-circuit | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Trailer electrical socket wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated and likely to cause a short-circuit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring so damaged or deteriorated it is likely to cause a short-circuit\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Electrical wiring so damaged or deteriorated it is likely to cause a short-circuit | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Electrical wiring so damaged or deteriorated it is likely to cause a short-circuit", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-so-damaged-or-deteriorated-it-is-likely-to-cause-a-short-circu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-so-damaged-or-deteriorated-it-is-likely-to-cause-a-short-circu", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Electrical wiring so damaged or deteriorated it is likely to cause a short-circuit | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring so damaged or deteriorated it is likely to cause a short-circuit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which shows red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which shows red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which shows red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-2-3-a-lamp-with-a-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-shows-red-light-to-the-f.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-2-3-a-lamp-with-a-product-on-the-lens-or-light-source-which-shows-red-light-to-the-f", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which shows red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp with a product on the lens or light source which shows red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-3-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-the-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-3-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-the-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-4-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-the-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-4-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-the-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective such that the emitted light is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lens defective such that emitted light is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A lens defective such that emitted light is adversely affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lens defective such that emitted light is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-5-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-5-1-a-lens-defective-such-that-emitted-light-is-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A lens defective such that emitted light is adversely affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lens defective such that emitted light is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has only one lamp or all lamps not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has only one lamp or all lamps not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has only one lamp or all lamps not working", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-or-light-source-missing-or-inoperative-when-rear-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-7-1-a-rear-registration-plate-lamp-or-light-source-missing-or-inoperative-when-rear-", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has only one lamp or all lamps not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative when rear registration plate has only one lamp or all lamps not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Reflector likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reflector likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-8-1-reflector-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-4-8-1-reflector-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Reflector likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An axle insecure such that stability is impaired or functionality affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | An axle insecure such that stability is impaired or functionality affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "An axle insecure such that stability is impaired or functionality affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-1-an-axle-insecure-such-that-stability-is-impaired-or-functionality-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-1-an-axle-insecure-such-that-stability-is-impaired-or-functionality-affected", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | An axle insecure such that stability is impaired or functionality affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An axle insecure such that stability is impaired or functionality affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush is so excessive the stub axle is likely to become insecure or directional stability is impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush is so excessive the stub axle is likely to become insecure or directional stability is impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush is so excessive the stub axle is likely to become insecure or directional stability is impaired", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-swivel-pin-and-or-bush-is-so-excessive-the-stub-axle-is-likely-to-be.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-2-a-stub-axle-swivel-pin-and-or-bush-is-so-excessive-the-stub-axle-is-likely-to-be", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush is so excessive the stub axle is likely to become insecure or directional stability is impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stub axle swivel pin and/or bush is so excessive the stub axle is likely to become insecure or directional stability is impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel bearing likely to collapse\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A wheel bearing likely to collapse | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A wheel bearing likely to collapse", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-likely-to-collapse.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-1-3-a-wheel-bearing-likely-to-collapse", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A wheel bearing likely to collapse | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel bearing likely to collapse \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spigot mounted wheel hub worn or damaged to the extent that wheel security is adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel and hub\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A spigot mounted wheel hub worn or damaged to the extent that wheel security is adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spigot mounted wheel hub worn or damaged to the extent that wheel security is adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-2-1-a-spigot-mounted-wheel-hub-worn-or-damaged-to-the-extent-that-wheel-security-is-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-2-1-a-spigot-mounted-wheel-hub-worn-or-damaged-to-the-extent-that-wheel-security-is-", "item_name": "Road wheel and hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A spigot mounted wheel hub worn or damaged to the extent that wheel security is adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spigot mounted wheel hub worn or damaged to the extent that wheel security is adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre retaining ring likely to come off\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A tyre retaining ring likely to come off | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A tyre retaining ring likely to come off", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-2-2-a-tyre-retaining-ring-likely-to-come-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-2-2-a-tyre-retaining-ring-likely-to-come-off", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A tyre retaining ring likely to come off | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre retaining ring likely to come off \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring main leaf fractured\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A spring main leaf fractured | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spring main leaf fractured", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-main-leaf-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-main-leaf-fractured", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A spring main leaf fractured | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring main leaf fractured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component fractured or likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A suspension component fractured or likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A suspension component fractured or likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-fractured-or-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-fractured-or-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A suspension component fractured or likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component fractured or likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints, pins and bushes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc.", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-4-a-suspension-joint-dust-cover-missing-or-no-longer-prevents-the-ingress-of-dirt-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-4-a-suspension-joint-dust-cover-missing-or-no-longer-prevents-the-ingress-of-dirt-", "item_name": "Suspension joints, pins and bushes", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that its function is seriously affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gas, air and fluid suspension\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that its function is seriously affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that its function is seriously affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-5-3-5-a-gas-air-or-fluid-suspension-system-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-", "item_name": "Gas, air and fluid suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that its function is seriously affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A gas, air or fluid suspension system component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that its function is seriously affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Strengthening plates or fastenings so insecure that structural rigidity is seriously reduced\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Strengthening plates or fastenings so insecure that structural rigidity is seriously reduced | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Strengthening plates or fastenings so insecure that structural rigidity is seriously reduced", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-1-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings-so-insecure-that-structural-rigidity-is-serio.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-1-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings-so-insecure-that-structural-rigidity-is-serio", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Strengthening plates or fastenings so insecure that structural rigidity is seriously reduced | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Strengthening plates or fastenings so insecure that structural rigidity is seriously reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust fumes causing a danger to health of persons on board\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Exhaust fumes causing a danger to health of persons on board | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Exhaust fumes causing a danger to health of persons on board", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-2-exhaust-fumes-causing-a-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-2-exhaust-fumes-causing-a-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Exhaust system", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Exhaust fumes causing a danger to health of persons on board | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust fumes causing a danger to health of persons on board \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel system leaking excessively or a risk of fire\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Fuel system leaking excessively or a risk of fire | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Fuel system leaking excessively or a risk of fire", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-3-fuel-system-leaking-excessively-or-a-risk-of-fire.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-3-fuel-system-leaking-excessively-or-a-risk-of-fire", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Fuel system leaking excessively or a risk of fire | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel system leaking excessively or a risk of fire \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spare wheel likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A spare wheel likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spare wheel likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A spare wheel likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spare wheel likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar component so worn it is likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A towbar component so worn it is likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A towbar component so worn it is likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-so-worn-it-is-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-6-a-towbar-component-so-worn-it-is-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A towbar component so worn it is likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar component so worn it is likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft bearing likely to break up\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A transmission shaft bearing likely to break up | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A transmission shaft bearing likely to break up", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-likely-to-break-up.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-likely-to-break-up", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A transmission shaft bearing likely to break up | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft bearing likely to break up \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A body pillar so insecure that load stability or security likely to be seriously impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A body pillar so insecure that load stability or security likely to be seriously impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A body pillar so insecure that load stability or security likely to be seriously impaired", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-1-a-body-pillar-so-insecure-that-load-stability-or-security-likely-to-be-seriously.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-1-a-body-pillar-so-insecure-that-load-stability-or-security-likely-to-be-seriously", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A body pillar so insecure that load stability or security likely to be seriously impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A body pillar so insecure that load stability or security likely to be seriously impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a turning door\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a turning door | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a turning door", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-not-remain-closed-in-the-case-of-a-turnin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-not-remain-closed-in-the-case-of-a-turnin", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a turning door | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door likely to open inadvertently or not remain closed in the case of a turning door \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A driver\u2019s seat moving inadvertently or backrest cannot be retained in the upright position\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | A driver\u2019s seat moving inadvertently or backrest cannot be retained in the upright position | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A driver\u2019s seat moving inadvertently or backrest cannot be retained in the upright position", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-moving-inadvertently-or-backrest-cannot-be-retained-in-the-uprig.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-6-2-5-a-driver-s-seat-moving-inadvertently-or-backrest-cannot-be-retained-in-the-uprig", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | A driver\u2019s seat moving inadvertently or backrest cannot be retained in the upright position | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A driver\u2019s seat moving inadvertently or backrest cannot be retained in the upright position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speedometer not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Speedometer not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speedometer not working", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-7-8-speedometer-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-7-8-speedometer-not-working", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Speedometer not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speedometer not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of the noise suppression system likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Any part of the noise suppression system likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Any part of the noise suppression system likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-ii-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Any part of the noise suppression system likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of the noise suppression system likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring for braking or steering components extremely deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (b)(iii) | Electrical wiring for braking or steering components extremely deteriorated | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Electrical wiring for braking or steering components extremely deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(b)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-for-braking-or-steering-components-extremely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-b-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-for-braking-or-steering-components-extremely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b)(iii) | Electrical wiring for braking or steering components extremely deteriorated | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring for braking or steering components extremely deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Master cylinder insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Master cylinder insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe damaged or excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Brake pipe damaged or excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake pipe damaged or excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-11-brake-pipe-damaged-or-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-11-brake-pipe-damaged-or-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake pipe damaged or excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe damaged or excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-missing-or-incorrectly-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-missing-or-incorrectly-mounted", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Missing\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Missing | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Missing", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-14-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-14-missing", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(c) | Missing | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable, rod or joint insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable, rod or joint insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable, rod or joint insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrectly installed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake slack adjuster\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Incorrectly installed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Incorrectly installed", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-18-incorrectly-installed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-18-incorrectly-installed", "item_name": "Brake slack adjuster", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(c) | Incorrectly installed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrectly installed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-2-anti-slip-provision-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-2-anti-slip-provision-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth", "item_name": "Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Any component insecure or inadequately mounted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Any component insecure or inadequately mounted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any component insecure or inadequately mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-21-any-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-21-any-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(c) | Any component insecure or inadequately mounted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any component insecure or inadequately mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Repeated operation of any ancillary air or vacuum system completely depletes the stored air or vacuum for the braking system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Repeated operation of any ancillary air or vacuum system completely depletes the stored air or vacuum for the braking system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Repeated operation of any ancillary air or vacuum system completely depletes the stored air or vacuum for the braking system", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-3-repeated-operation-of-any-ancillary-air-or-vacuum-system-completely-depletes-the.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-3-repeated-operation-of-any-ancillary-air-or-vacuum-system-completely-depletes-the", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Repeated operation of any ancillary air or vacuum system completely depletes the stored air or vacuum for the braking system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Repeated operation of any ancillary air or vacuum system completely depletes the stored air or vacuum for the braking system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Loose connections or leaks in the system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Loose connections or leaks in the system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Loose connections or leaks in the system", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-5-loose-connections-or-leaks-in-the-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-5-loose-connections-or-leaks-in-the-system", "item_name": "Hand operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Loose connections or leaks in the system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose connections or leaks in the system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-has-excessive-movement-indicating-incorrect-adjustment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-6-parking-brake-lever-has-excessive-movement-indicating-incorrect-adjustment", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Valve insecure or inadequately mounted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Valve insecure or inadequately mounted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Valve insecure or inadequately mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-7-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-7-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Valve insecure or inadequately mounted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve insecure or inadequately mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Reservoir insecure or inadequately mounted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Reservoir insecure or inadequately mounted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reservoir insecure or inadequately mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-9-reservoir-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-1-9-reservoir-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Pressure storage reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(c) | Reservoir insecure or inadequately mounted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reservoir insecure or inadequately mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A brake on any wheel grabbing severely\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-2-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-2-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A brake on any wheel grabbing severely\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-3-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-3-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-6-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-1-6-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear or play in a universal joint or a flexible coupling excessively deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Excessive wear or play in a universal joint or a flexible coupling excessively deteriorated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear or play in a universal joint or a flexible coupling excessively deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-2-2-2-excessive-wear-or-play-in-a-universal-joint-or-a-flexible-coupling-excessively-d.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-2-2-2-excessive-wear-or-play-in-a-universal-joint-or-a-flexible-coupling-excessively-d", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive wear or play in a universal joint or a flexible coupling excessively deteriorated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear or play in a universal joint or a flexible coupling excessively deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electronic power assistance not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic power steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Electronic power assistance not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Electronic power assistance not working", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-2-6-electronic-power-assistance-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-2-6-electronic-power-assistance-not-working", "item_name": "Electronic power steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Electronic power assistance not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electronic power assistance not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A bonnet primary retaining device excessively deteriorated, ineffective or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Field of vision\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | A bonnet primary retaining device excessively deteriorated, ineffective or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A bonnet primary retaining device excessively deteriorated, ineffective or insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-3-1-a-bonnet-primary-retaining-device-excessively-deteriorated-ineffective-or-insecu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-3-1-a-bonnet-primary-retaining-device-excessively-deteriorated-ineffective-or-insecu", "item_name": "Field of vision", "item_number": "3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | A bonnet primary retaining device excessively deteriorated, ineffective or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A bonnet primary retaining device excessively deteriorated, ineffective or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Beam image obviously incorrect\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Headlamp alignment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Beam image obviously incorrect | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Beam image obviously incorrect", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-2-beam-image-obviously-incorrect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-2-beam-image-obviously-incorrect", "item_name": "Headlamp alignment", "item_number": "4.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Beam image obviously incorrect | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Beam image obviously incorrect \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Light source and lamp not compatible\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Light source and lamp not compatible | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Light source and lamp not compatible", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-4-light-source-and-lamp-not-compatible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-1-4-light-source-and-lamp-not-compatible", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(c) | Light source and lamp not compatible | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Light source and lamp not compatible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | A lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-2-3-a-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-4-2-3-a-lamp-adversely-affected-by-the-operation-of-any-other-lamp", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(c) | A lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp adversely affected by the operation of any other lamp \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Tyres on the same axle of different structure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Tyres on the same axle of different structure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyres on the same axle of different structure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-2-3-tyres-on-the-same-axle-of-different-structure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-2-3-tyres-on-the-same-axle-of-different-structure", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Tyres on the same axle of different structure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyres on the same axle of different structure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A shock absorber bush excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | A shock absorber bush excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A shock absorber bush excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-bush-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-bush-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(c) | A shock absorber bush excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A shock absorber bush excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An obvious leak from any part of the system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gas, air and fluid suspension\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | An obvious leak from any part of the system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An obvious leak from any part of the system", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-3-5-an-obvious-leak-from-any-part-of-the-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-5-3-5-an-obvious-leak-from-any-part-of-the-system", "item_name": "Gas, air and fluid suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(c) | An obvious leak from any part of the system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An obvious leak from any part of the system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-1-2-seat-belt-not-functioning-as-intended-or-of-an-incorrect-type.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-1-2-seat-belt-not-functioning-as-intended-or-of-an-incorrect-type", "item_name": "Seat belt fitment and condition", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An airbag obviously inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Airbags\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | An airbag obviously inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An airbag obviously inoperative", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-1-5-an-airbag-obviously-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-1-5-an-airbag-obviously-inoperative", "item_name": "Airbags", "item_number": "7.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | An airbag obviously inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An airbag obviously inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speed limiter with an incorrect set speed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Speed limiter with an incorrect set speed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speed limiter with an incorrect set speed", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-10-speed-limiter-with-an-incorrect-set-speed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-10-speed-limiter-with-an-incorrect-set-speed", "item_name": "Speed limiter (if required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Speed limiter with an incorrect set speed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speed limiter with an incorrect set speed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Other ESC component missing or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Other ESC component missing or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other ESC component missing or damaged", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-12-other-esc-component-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-12-other-esc-component-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic stability control (ESC)", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Other ESC component missing or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other ESC component missing or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Audible warning not in accordance with requirements\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning (horn)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Audible warning not in accordance with requirements | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Audible warning not in accordance with requirements", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-7-audible-warning-not-in-accordance-with-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-7-7-audible-warning-not-in-accordance-with-requirements", "item_name": "Audible warning (horn)", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Audible warning not in accordance with requirements | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Audible warning not in accordance with requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-1-2-lambda-coefficient-outside-the-default-limits-or-the-range-specified-by-the-manu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-1-2-lambda-coefficient-outside-the-default-limits-or-the-range-specified-by-the-manu", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Evidence that the diesel particulate filter has been tampered with\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Evidence that the diesel particulate filter has been tampered with | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Evidence that the diesel particulate filter has been tampered with", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-2-1-evidence-that-the-diesel-particulate-filter-has-been-tampered-with.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-2-1-evidence-that-the-diesel-particulate-filter-has-been-tampered-with", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Evidence that the diesel particulate filter has been tampered with | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Evidence that the diesel particulate filter has been tampered with \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour to an extent likely to obscure the vision of other road users\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c) | Exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour to an extent likely to obscure the vision of other road users | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour to an extent likely to obscure the vision of other road users", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-2-2-exhaust-emits-excessive-smoke-or-vapour-of-any-colour-to-an-extent-likely-to-obs.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-8-2-2-2-exhaust-emits-excessive-smoke-or-vapour-of-any-colour-to-an-extent-likely-to-obs", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour to an extent likely to obscure the vision of other road users | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour to an extent likely to obscure the vision of other road users \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hoses or connections leaking on air brake systems\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Brake hoses or connections leaking on air brake systems | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hoses or connections leaking on air brake systems", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking-on-air-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking-on-air-brake-systems", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Brake hoses or connections leaking on air brake systems | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hoses or connections leaking on air brake systems \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performance-not-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performance-not-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS functioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS functioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS functioning", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-seized-or-inoperative-and-abs-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-seized-or-inoperative-and-abs-functioning", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS functioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS functioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Sector shaft excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Sector shaft excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Sector shaft excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-fixing-bolts-missing-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-fixing-bolts-missing-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component fractured or deformed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A steering linkage component fractured or deformed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A steering linkage component fractured or deformed", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-fractured-or-deformed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-fractured-or-deformed", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A steering linkage component fractured or deformed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component fractured or deformed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Power steering inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering inoperative", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-5-power-steering-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-1-5-power-steering-inoperative", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Power steering inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering wheel rim or spokes fractured or loose\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Steering wheel rim or spokes fractured or loose | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering wheel rim or spokes fractured or loose", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-2-1-steering-wheel-rim-or-spokes-fractured-or-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-2-2-1-steering-wheel-rim-or-spokes-fractured-or-loose", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Steering wheel rim or spokes fractured or loose | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering wheel rim or spokes fractured or loose \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window in an unacceptable condition e.g. due to excessive scratching\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Windscreen or window in an unacceptable condition e.g. due to excessive scratching | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Windscreen or window in an unacceptable condition e.g. due to excessive scratching", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-in-an-unacceptable-condition-e-g-due-to-excessive-scratchin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-3-2-windscreen-or-window-in-an-unacceptable-condition-e-g-due-to-excessive-scratchin", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Windscreen or window in an unacceptable condition e.g. due to excessive scratching | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window in an unacceptable condition e.g. due to excessive scratching \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning correctly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning correctly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning correctly", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-10-a-13-pin-trailer-socket-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-10-a-13-pin-trailer-socket-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning correctly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Electrical wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Electrical wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-damaged-or-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Electrical wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring insulation damaged or deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-2-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-2-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stop lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A stop lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A stop lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-3-1-a-stop-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-3-1-a-stop-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A stop lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stop lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-4-1-a-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-4-1-a-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A front or rear fog lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A front or rear fog lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A front or rear fog lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A front or rear fog lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A front or rear fog lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A reversing lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A reversing lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A reversing lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A reversing lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A reversing lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A registration plate lamp not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A registration plate lamp not securely attached | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A registration plate lamp not securely attached", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-7-1-a-registration-plate-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-4-7-1-a-registration-plate-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A registration plate lamp not securely attached | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A registration plate lamp not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An axle with an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | An axle with an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "An axle with an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-1-1-an-axle-with-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-1-1-an-axle-with-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | An axle with an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An axle with an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Movement between the stub axle and axle beam is excessive\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Movement between the stub axle and axle beam is excessive | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Movement between the stub axle and axle beam is excessive", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-1-2-movement-between-the-stub-axle-and-axle-beam-is-excessive.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-1-2-movement-between-the-stub-axle-and-axle-beam-is-excessive", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Movement between the stub axle and axle beam is excessive | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Movement between the stub axle and axle beam is excessive \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel badly distorted or wear between wheel and hub at spigot mounting\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A wheel badly distorted or wear between wheel and hub at spigot mounting | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A wheel badly distorted or wear between wheel and hub at spigot mounting", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-2-2-a-wheel-badly-distorted-or-wear-between-wheel-and-hub-at-spigot-mounting.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-2-2-a-wheel-badly-distorted-or-wear-between-wheel-and-hub-at-spigot-mounting", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A wheel badly distorted or wear between wheel and hub at spigot mounting | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel badly distorted or wear between wheel and hub at spigot mounting \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A spring missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spring missing", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-3-1-a-spring-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-3-1-a-spring-missing", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A spring missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component with an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A suspension component with an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A suspension component with an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-with-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-with-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A suspension component with an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component with an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-1-vehicle-structure-corroded-to-the-extent-that-the-rigidity-of-the-assembly-is-si.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-1-vehicle-structure-corroded-to-the-extent-that-the-rigidity-of-the-assembly-is-si", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel pipe or hose chafing\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Fuel pipe or hose chafing | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Fuel pipe or hose chafing", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-3-fuel-pipe-or-hose-chafing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-3-fuel-pipe-or-hose-chafing", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Fuel pipe or hose chafing | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel pipe or hose chafing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar attachment defective or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A towbar attachment defective or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A towbar attachment defective or insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-6-a-towbar-attachment-defective-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-6-a-towbar-attachment-defective-or-insecure", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A towbar attachment defective or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar attachment defective or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission joint, belt or chain excessively worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A transmission joint, belt or chain excessively worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission joint, belt or chain excessively worn", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-joint-belt-or-chain-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-joint-belt-or-chain-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A transmission joint, belt or chain excessively worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission joint, belt or chain excessively worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The passenger compartment in such a condition that it permits the entry of exhaust fumes\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | The passenger compartment in such a condition that it permits the entry of exhaust fumes | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The passenger compartment in such a condition that it permits the entry of exhaust fumes", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-1-the-passenger-compartment-in-such-a-condition-that-it-permits-the-entry-of-exhau.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-1-the-passenger-compartment-in-such-a-condition-that-it-permits-the-entry-of-exhau", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | The passenger compartment in such a condition that it permits the entry of exhaust fumes | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The passenger compartment in such a condition that it permits the entry of exhaust fumes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that overall security is significantly reduced\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that overall security is significantly reduced | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that overall security is significantly reduced", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-2-body-or-cab-mounting-fixings-missing-or-insecure-such-that-overall-security-is-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-2-body-or-cab-mounting-fixings-missing-or-insecure-such-that-overall-security-is-s", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that overall security is significantly reduced | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that overall security is significantly reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A door hinge, catch or pillar excessively deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | A door hinge, catch or pillar excessively deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A door hinge, catch or pillar excessively deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-3-a-door-hinge-catch-or-pillar-excessively-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-6-2-3-a-door-hinge-catch-or-pillar-excessively-deteriorated", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | A door hinge, catch or pillar excessively deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door hinge, catch or pillar excessively deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speedometer not sufficiently illuminated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(i) | Speedometer not sufficiently illuminated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Speedometer not sufficiently illuminated", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-7-8-speedometer-not-sufficiently-illuminated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-i-7-8-speedometer-not-sufficiently-illuminated", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Speedometer not sufficiently illuminated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speedometer not sufficiently illuminated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hoses or connections leaking on hydraulic systems\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Brake hoses or connections leaking on hydraulic systems | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hoses or connections leaking on hydraulic systems", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking-on-hydraulic-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking-on-hydraulic-systems", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Brake hoses or connections leaking on hydraulic systems | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hoses or connections leaking on hydraulic systems \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS not fitted or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS not fitted or inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS not fitted or inoperative", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-seized-or-inoperative-and-abs-not-fitted-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-seized-or-inoperative-and-abs-not-fitted-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS not fitted or inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load sensing valve seized or inoperative and ABS not fitted or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft worn to the extent that functionality is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Sector shaft worn to the extent that functionality is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Sector shaft worn to the extent that functionality is affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-worn-to-the-extent-that-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-worn-to-the-extent-that-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Sector shaft worn to the extent that functionality is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft worn to the extent that functionality is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective to the extent that attachment is seriously affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective to the extent that attachment is seriously affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective to the extent that attachment is seriously affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-fixing-bolts-missing-or-ineffective-to-the-extent-that-attachment-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-fixing-bolts-missing-or-ineffective-to-the-extent-that-attachment-", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective to the extent that attachment is seriously affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear fixing bolts missing or ineffective to the extent that attachment is seriously affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component fractured or deformed to the extent that steering is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A steering linkage component fractured or deformed to the extent that steering is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A steering linkage component fractured or deformed to the extent that steering is affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-fractured-or-deformed-to-the-extent-that-steering-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-fractured-or-deformed-to-the-extent-that-steering-i", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A steering linkage component fractured or deformed to the extent that steering is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component fractured or deformed to the extent that steering is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering inoperative and steering adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Power steering inoperative and steering adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Power steering inoperative and steering adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-inoperative-and-steering-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-inoperative-and-steering-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Power steering inoperative and steering adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering inoperative and steering adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering wheel rim or spokes likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Steering wheel rim or spokes likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering wheel rim or spokes likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-2-1-steering-wheel-rim-or-spokes-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-2-2-1-steering-wheel-rim-or-spokes-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Steering wheel rim or spokes likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering wheel rim or spokes likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Windscreen or window in such a condition that visibility through swept area is seriously affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Windscreen or window in such a condition that visibility through swept area is seriously affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Windscreen or window in such a condition that visibility through swept area is seriously affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-in-such-a-condition-that-visibility-through-swept-area-is-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-3-2-windscreen-or-window-in-such-a-condition-that-visibility-through-swept-area-is-s", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Windscreen or window in such a condition that visibility through swept area is seriously affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Windscreen or window in such a condition that visibility through swept area is seriously affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning at all\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning at all | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning at all", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-10-a-13-pin-trailer-socket-not-functioning-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-10-a-13-pin-trailer-socket-not-functioning-at-all", "item_name": "Trailer electrical socket", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning at all | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A 13-pin trailer socket not functioning at all \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring insulation heavily deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Electrical wiring insulation heavily deteriorated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Electrical wiring insulation heavily deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-heavily-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-heavily-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Electrical wiring insulation heavily deteriorated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring insulation heavily deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-2-1-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-2-1-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A stop lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A stop lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A stop lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-3-1-a-stop-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-3-1-a-stop-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A stop lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A stop lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-4-1-a-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-4-1-a-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A front or rear fog lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A front or rear fog lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A front or rear fog lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-5-1-a-front-or-rear-fog-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A front or rear fog lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A front or rear fog lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A reversing lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A reversing lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A reversing lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-6-1-a-reversing-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A reversing lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A reversing lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A registration plate lamp likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A registration plate lamp likely to become detached | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A registration plate lamp likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-7-1-a-registration-plate-lamp-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-4-7-1-a-registration-plate-lamp-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A registration plate lamp likely to become detached | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A registration plate lamp likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** An axle modified so that vehicle stability is impaired or axle functionality affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | An axle modified so that vehicle stability is impaired or axle functionality affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "An axle modified so that vehicle stability is impaired or axle functionality affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-1-1-an-axle-modified-so-that-vehicle-stability-is-impaired-or-axle-functionality-aff.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-1-1-an-axle-modified-so-that-vehicle-stability-is-impaired-or-axle-functionality-aff", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | An axle modified so that vehicle stability is impaired or axle functionality affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "An axle modified so that vehicle stability is impaired or axle functionality affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Movement between the stub axle and axle beam insecure or directional stability is impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Movement between the stub axle and axle beam insecure or directional stability is impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Movement between the stub axle and axle beam insecure or directional stability is impaired", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-1-2-movement-between-the-stub-axle-and-axle-beam-insecure-or-directional-stability-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-1-2-movement-between-the-stub-axle-and-axle-beam-insecure-or-directional-stability-i", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Movement between the stub axle and axle beam insecure or directional stability is impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Movement between the stub axle and axle beam insecure or directional stability is impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel distorted or worn to the extent the wheel or tyre is likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A wheel distorted or worn to the extent the wheel or tyre is likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A wheel distorted or worn to the extent the wheel or tyre is likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-2-2-a-wheel-distorted-or-worn-to-the-extent-the-wheel-or-tyre-is-likely-to-become-de.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-2-2-a-wheel-distorted-or-worn-to-the-extent-the-wheel-or-tyre-is-likely-to-become-de", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A wheel distorted or worn to the extent the wheel or tyre is likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel distorted or worn to the extent the wheel or tyre is likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring missing and directional control affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A spring missing and directional control affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spring missing and directional control affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-missing-and-directional-control-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-missing-and-directional-control-affected", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A spring missing and directional control affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring missing and directional control affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A suspension component modified so that the suspension is inoperative or likely to foul other components\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A suspension component modified so that the suspension is inoperative or likely to foul other components | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A suspension component modified so that the suspension is inoperative or likely to foul other components", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-modified-so-that-the-suspension-is-inoperative-or-likely-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-5-3-3-a-suspension-component-modified-so-that-the-suspension-is-inoperative-or-likely-", "item_name": "Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A suspension component modified so that the suspension is inoperative or likely to foul other components | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A suspension component modified so that the suspension is inoperative or likely to foul other components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-1-vehicle-structure-corroded-to-the-extent-that-steering-or-braking-is-likely-to-b.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-1-vehicle-structure-corroded-to-the-extent-that-steering-or-braking-is-likely-to-b", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Vehicle structure corroded to the extent that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel pipe or hose damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Fuel pipe or hose damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fuel pipe or hose damaged", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-3-fuel-pipe-or-hose-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-3-fuel-pipe-or-hose-damaged", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Fuel pipe or hose damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel pipe or hose damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar attachment likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A towbar attachment likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A towbar attachment likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-6-a-towbar-attachment-likely-to-become-detached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-6-a-towbar-attachment-likely-to-become-detached", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A towbar attachment likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar attachment likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission so worn it is likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A transmission so worn it is likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A transmission so worn it is likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-so-worn-it-is-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-so-worn-it-is-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A transmission so worn it is likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission so worn it is likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The passenger compartment in such a condition that exhaust fumes lead to a danger to health of persons on board\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | The passenger compartment in such a condition that exhaust fumes lead to a danger to health of persons on board | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The passenger compartment in such a condition that exhaust fumes lead to a danger to health of persons on board", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-1-the-passenger-compartment-in-such-a-condition-that-exhaust-fumes-lead-to-a-dange.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-1-the-passenger-compartment-in-such-a-condition-that-exhaust-fumes-lead-to-a-dange", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | The passenger compartment in such a condition that exhaust fumes lead to a danger to health of persons on board | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The passenger compartment in such a condition that exhaust fumes lead to a danger to health of persons on board \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that stability is seriously impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that stability is seriously impaired", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-2-body-or-cab-mounting-fixings-missing-or-insecure-such-that-stability-is-seriousl.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-2-body-or-cab-mounting-fixings-missing-or-insecure-such-that-stability-is-seriousl", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body or cab mounting fixings missing or insecure such that stability is seriously impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A door hinge, catch or pillar missing or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | A door hinge, catch or pillar missing or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A door hinge, catch or pillar missing or insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-3-a-door-hinge-catch-or-pillar-missing-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-6-2-3-a-door-hinge-catch-or-pillar-missing-or-insecure", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | A door hinge, catch or pillar missing or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door hinge, catch or pillar missing or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speedometer not illuminated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Speedometer not illuminated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speedometer not illuminated", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-7-8-speedometer-not-illuminated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-ii-7-8-speedometer-not-illuminated", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Speedometer not illuminated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speedometer not illuminated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electrical wiring insulation in such a condition there is an imminent risk of fire or formation of sparks\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (c)(iii) | Electrical wiring insulation in such a condition there is an imminent risk of fire or formation of sparks | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Electrical wiring insulation in such a condition there is an imminent risk of fire or formation of sparks", "defect_reference": "(c)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-in-such-a-condition-there-is-an-imminent-risk-of-fi.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-c-iii-4-11-electrical-wiring-insulation-in-such-a-condition-there-is-an-imminent-risk-of-fi", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c)(iii) | Electrical wiring insulation in such a condition there is an imminent risk of fire or formation of sparks | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electrical wiring insulation in such a condition there is an imminent risk of fire or formation of sparks \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose bulging under pressure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Brake hose bulging under pressure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose bulging under pressure", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-12-brake-hose-bulging-under-pressure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-12-brake-hose-bulging-under-pressure", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(d) | Brake hose bulging under pressure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose bulging under pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake drum back plate insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Brake drum back plate insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake drum back plate insecure", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-14-brake-drum-back-plate-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-14-brake-drum-back-plate-insecure", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(d) | Brake drum back plate insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake drum back plate insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable guide defective affecting operation\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Cable guide defective affecting operation | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable guide defective affecting operation", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective-affecting-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective-affecting-operation", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(d) | Cable guide defective affecting operation | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable guide defective affecting operation \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Load sensing valve missing where fitted as standard\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Load sensing valve missing where fitted as standard | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Load sensing valve missing where fitted as standard", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-missing-where-fitted-as-standard.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-17-load-sensing-valve-missing-where-fitted-as-standard", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(d) | Load sensing valve missing where fitted as standard | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load sensing valve missing where fitted as standard \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leak\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leak | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leak", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-3-air-leak-causing-a-noticeable-drop-in-pressure-or-audible-air-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-3-air-leak-causing-a-noticeable-drop-in-pressure-or-audible-air-leak", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leak | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Malfunctioning\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Malfunctioning | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Malfunctioning", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-5-malfunctioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-5-malfunctioning", "item_name": "Hand operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(d) | Malfunctioning | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Malfunctioning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake control missing, defective or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Parking brake control missing, defective or inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake control missing, defective or inoperative", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-6-parking-brake-control-missing-defective-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-1-6-parking-brake-control-missing-defective-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | Parking brake control missing, defective or inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake control missing, defective or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-on-a-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-on-a-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Wiring damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wiring damaged", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-6-wiring-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-1-6-wiring-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | Wiring damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering linkage retaining or locking device missing or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Steering linkage retaining or locking device missing or ineffective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering linkage retaining or locking device missing or ineffective", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-2-1-3-steering-linkage-retaining-or-locking-device-missing-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-2-1-3-steering-linkage-retaining-or-locking-device-missing-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Steering linkage retaining or locking device missing or ineffective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering linkage retaining or locking device missing or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The windscreen or a window wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | The windscreen or a window wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The windscreen or a window wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-3-2-the-windscreen-or-a-window-wholly-or-partly-on-either-side-of-the-driver-s-seat-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-3-2-the-windscreen-or-a-window-wholly-or-partly-on-either-side-of-the-driver-s-seat-", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(d) | The windscreen or a window wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The windscreen or a window wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Mandatory headlamps, intended to be a matched pair, are not the same shape, size or colour\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Mandatory headlamps, intended to be a matched pair, are not the same shape, size or colour | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mandatory headlamps, intended to be a matched pair, are not the same shape, size or colour", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-4-1-4-mandatory-headlamps-intended-to-be-a-matched-pair-are-not-the-same-shape-size-or.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-4-1-4-mandatory-headlamps-intended-to-be-a-matched-pair-are-not-the-same-shape-size-or", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(d) | Mandatory headlamps, intended to be a matched pair, are not the same shape, size or colour | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mandatory headlamps, intended to be a matched pair, are not the same shape, size or colour \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Mandatory hazard warning device not fitted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Mandatory hazard warning device not fitted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mandatory hazard warning device not fitted", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-4-4-1-mandatory-hazard-warning-device-not-fitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-4-4-1-mandatory-hazard-warning-device-not-fitted", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Mandatory hazard warning device not fitted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mandatory hazard warning device not fitted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A wheel and its fixings not compatible\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | A wheel and its fixings not compatible | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A wheel and its fixings not compatible", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-5-2-2-a-wheel-and-its-fixings-not-compatible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-5-2-2-a-wheel-and-its-fixings-not-compatible", "item_name": "Road wheel condition", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | A wheel and its fixings not compatible | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A wheel and its fixings not compatible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A shock absorber which has negligible damping effect\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | A shock absorber which has negligible damping effect | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A shock absorber which has negligible damping effect", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-which-has-negligible-damping-effect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-5-3-2-a-shock-absorber-which-has-negligible-damping-effect", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(d) | A shock absorber which has negligible damping effect | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A shock absorber which has negligible damping effect \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar safety device damaged or not operating correctly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | A towbar safety device damaged or not operating correctly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A towbar safety device damaged or not operating correctly", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-6-1-6-a-towbar-safety-device-damaged-or-not-operating-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-6-1-6-a-towbar-safety-device-damaged-or-not-operating-correctly", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | A towbar safety device damaged or not operating correctly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar safety device damaged or not operating correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-1-2-seat-belt-buckle-missing-damaged-or-not-functioning-as-intended.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-1-2-seat-belt-buckle-missing-damaged-or-not-functioning-as-intended", "item_name": "Seat belt fitment and condition", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speed limiter tamperproof device missing or defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Speed limiter tamperproof device missing or defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speed limiter tamperproof device missing or defective", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-10-speed-limiter-tamperproof-device-missing-or-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-10-speed-limiter-tamperproof-device-missing-or-defective", "item_name": "Speed limiter (if required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(d) | Speed limiter tamperproof device missing or defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speed limiter tamperproof device missing or defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** ESC switch damaged or not functioning correctly\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | ESC switch damaged or not functioning correctly | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "ESC switch damaged or not functioning correctly", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-12-esc-switch-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-7-12-esc-switch-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Electronic stability control (ESC)", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(d) | ESC switch damaged or not functioning correctly | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ESC switch damaged or not functioning correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emissions test unable to be completed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Emissions test unable to be completed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emissions test unable to be completed", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-8-2-1-2-emissions-test-unable-to-be-completed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-8-2-1-2-emissions-test-unable-to-be-completed", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Emissions test unable to be completed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emissions test unable to be completed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust on a vehicle fitted with a diesel particulate filter emits visible smoke of any colour\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d) | Exhaust on a vehicle fitted with a diesel particulate filter emits visible smoke of any colour | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust on a vehicle fitted with a diesel particulate filter emits visible smoke of any colour", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-8-2-2-2-exhaust-on-a-vehicle-fitted-with-a-diesel-particulate-filter-emits-visible-smoke.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-8-2-2-2-exhaust-on-a-vehicle-fitted-with-a-diesel-particulate-filter-emits-visible-smoke", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Exhaust on a vehicle fitted with a diesel particulate filter emits visible smoke of any colour | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust on a vehicle fitted with a diesel particulate filter emits visible smoke of any colour \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid below minimum mark\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Brake fluid below minimum mark | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake fluid below minimum mark", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-10-brake-fluid-below-minimum-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-10-brake-fluid-below-minimum-mark", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Brake fluid below minimum mark | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid below minimum mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-11-brake-pipe-inadequately-clipped-or-supported.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-11-brake-pipe-inadequately-clipped-or-supported", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Actuator excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Actuator excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking system component modification unsafe\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Braking system component modification unsafe | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking system component modification unsafe", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-unsafe.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-unsafe", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Braking system component modification unsafe | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking system component modification unsafe \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-leak-from-a-brake-valve.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-leak-from-a-brake-valve", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft has excessive movement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Sector shaft has excessive movement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Sector shaft has excessive movement", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-has-excessive-movement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-1-sector-shaft-has-excessive-movement", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Sector shaft has excessive movement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft has excessive movement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing fractured\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Steering gear casing fractured | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear casing fractured", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Steering gear casing fractured | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing fractured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component fractured or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Power steering component fractured or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering component fractured or insecure", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Power steering component fractured or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component fractured or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar fractured or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Handlebar fractured or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Handlebar fractured or insecure", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-2-1-handlebar-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-2-1-handlebar-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Handlebar fractured or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar fractured or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment of steering column defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Attachment of steering column defective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Attachment of steering column defective", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-2-2-attachment-of-steering-column-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-2-2-2-attachment-of-steering-column-defective", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Attachment of steering column defective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment of steering column defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A king pin loose in the axle beam\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | A king pin loose in the axle beam | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A king pin loose in the axle beam", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-1-2-a-king-pin-loose-in-the-axle-beam.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-1-2-a-king-pin-loose-in-the-axle-beam", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | A king pin loose in the axle beam | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A king pin loose in the axle beam \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre with a cut in excess of the requirements deep enough to reach the ply or cords\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | A tyre with a cut in excess of the requirements deep enough to reach the ply or cords | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre with a cut in excess of the requirements deep enough to reach the ply or cords", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-with-a-cut-in-excess-of-the-requirements-deep-enough-to-reach-the-ply-or-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-with-a-cut-in-excess-of-the-requirements-deep-enough-to-reach-the-ply-or-", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | A tyre with a cut in excess of the requirements deep enough to reach the ply or cords | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre with a cut in excess of the requirements deep enough to reach the ply or cords \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring with an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | A spring with an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spring with an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-3-1-a-spring-with-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-5-3-1-a-spring-with-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | A spring with an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring with an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-modified-or-inadequately-repaired-such-tha.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-modified-or-inadequately-repaired-such-tha", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that the rigidity of the assembly is significantly reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft flexible coupling excessively deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | A transmission shaft flexible coupling excessively deteriorated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft flexible coupling excessively deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-flexible-coupling-excessively-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-flexible-coupling-excessively-deteriorated", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | A transmission shaft flexible coupling excessively deteriorated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft flexible coupling excessively deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body has an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Body has an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Body has an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-2-1-body-has-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-2-1-body-has-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Body has an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body has an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body, cab or chassis excessively corroded at mounting points\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(i) | Body, cab or chassis excessively corroded at mounting points | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Body, cab or chassis excessively corroded at mounting points", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-2-2-body-cab-or-chassis-excessively-corroded-at-mounting-points.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-i-6-2-2-body-cab-or-chassis-excessively-corroded-at-mounting-points", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Body, cab or chassis excessively corroded at mounting points | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body, cab or chassis excessively corroded at mounting points \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-minimum-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-minimum-mark", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-11-brake-pipe-likely-to-become-detached-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-11-brake-pipe-likely-to-become-detached-or-damaged", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator excessively corroded and likely to crack\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Actuator excessively corroded and likely to crack | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Actuator excessively corroded and likely to crack", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-crack.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-crack", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Actuator excessively corroded and likely to crack | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator excessively corroded and likely to crack \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-adversely-affecting-braking-performance.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-adversely-affecting-braking-performance", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve such that brake functionality is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake valves\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve such that brake functionality is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve such that brake functionality is affected", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-leak-from-a-brake-valve-such-that-brake-functionality-is-affecte.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-leak-from-a-brake-valve-such-that-brake-functionality-is-affecte", "item_name": "Brake valves", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve such that brake functionality is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hydraulic fluid leak from a brake valve such that brake functionality is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft movement so excessive that functionality is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Sector shaft movement so excessive that functionality is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Sector shaft movement so excessive that functionality is affected", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-movement-so-excessive-that-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-1-sector-shaft-movement-so-excessive-that-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Sector shaft movement so excessive that functionality is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft movement so excessive that functionality is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing fractured and stability or attachment of casing affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Steering gear casing fractured and stability or attachment of casing affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering gear casing fractured and stability or attachment of casing affected", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured-and-stability-or-attachment-of-casing-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured-and-stability-or-attachment-of-casing-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Steering gear casing fractured and stability or attachment of casing affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing fractured and stability or attachment of casing affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component fractured or insecure and steering adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Power steering component fractured or insecure and steering adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Power steering component fractured or insecure and steering adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fractured-or-insecure-and-steering-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fractured-or-insecure-and-steering-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Power steering component fractured or insecure and steering adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component fractured or insecure and steering adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar fractured or insecure to the extent that steering is adversely affected or detachment likely\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Handlebar fractured or insecure to the extent that steering is adversely affected or detachment likely | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Handlebar fractured or insecure to the extent that steering is adversely affected or detachment likely", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-fractured-or-insecure-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-adversely-affecte.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-fractured-or-insecure-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-adversely-affecte", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Handlebar fractured or insecure to the extent that steering is adversely affected or detachment likely | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar fractured or insecure to the extent that steering is adversely affected or detachment likely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment of steering column defective to the extent that there is a serious risk of detachment\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Attachment of steering column defective to the extent that there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Attachment of steering column defective to the extent that there is a serious risk of detachment", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-2-2-attachment-of-steering-column-defective-to-the-extent-that-there-is-a-serious-ri.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-2-2-2-attachment-of-steering-column-defective-to-the-extent-that-there-is-a-serious-ri", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Attachment of steering column defective to the extent that there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment of steering column defective to the extent that there is a serious risk of detachment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A king pin so loose it is likely to affect directional stability\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | A king pin so loose it is likely to affect directional stability | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A king pin so loose it is likely to affect directional stability", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-1-2-a-king-pin-so-loose-it-is-likely-to-affect-directional-stability.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-1-2-a-king-pin-so-loose-it-is-likely-to-affect-directional-stability", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | A king pin so loose it is likely to affect directional stability | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A king pin so loose it is likely to affect directional stability \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber or with cords exposed or damaged\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | A tyre with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber or with cords exposed or damaged | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A tyre with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber or with cords exposed or damaged", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-2-3-a-tyre-with-a-lump-bulge-or-tear-caused-by-separation-or-partial-failure-of-its-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-2-3-a-tyre-with-a-lump-bulge-or-tear-caused-by-separation-or-partial-failure-of-its-", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | A tyre with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber or with cords exposed or damaged | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber or with cords exposed or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A spring modified so that the suspension is inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | A spring modified so that the suspension is inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A spring modified so that the suspension is inoperative", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-modified-so-that-the-suspension-is-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-5-3-1-a-spring-modified-so-that-the-suspension-is-inoperative", "item_name": "Springs", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | A spring modified so that the suspension is inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spring modified so that the suspension is inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-modified-or-inadequately-repaired-such-tha.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-1-1-a-main-load-bearing-structural-member-modified-or-inadequately-repaired-such-tha", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A main load-bearing structural member modified or inadequately repaired such that steering or braking is likely to be adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft flexible coupling so deteriorated it is likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | A transmission shaft flexible coupling so deteriorated it is likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A transmission shaft flexible coupling so deteriorated it is likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-flexible-coupling-so-deteriorated-it-is-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-flexible-coupling-so-deteriorated-it-is-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | A transmission shaft flexible coupling so deteriorated it is likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft flexible coupling so deteriorated it is likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body modification likely to adversely affect braking or steering\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Body modification likely to adversely affect braking or steering | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Body modification likely to adversely affect braking or steering", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-2-1-body-modification-likely-to-adversely-affect-braking-or-steering.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-2-1-body-modification-likely-to-adversely-affect-braking-or-steering", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Body modification likely to adversely affect braking or steering | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body modification likely to adversely affect braking or steering \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Body, cab or chassis corroded at mounting points to the extent that overall security or stability is seriously impaired\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Body, cab or chassis corroded at mounting points to the extent that overall security or stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Body, cab or chassis corroded at mounting points to the extent that overall security or stability is seriously impaired", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-2-2-body-cab-or-chassis-corroded-at-mounting-points-to-the-extent-that-overall-secur.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-ii-6-2-2-body-cab-or-chassis-corroded-at-mounting-points-to-the-extent-that-overall-secur", "item_name": "Cab and body mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Body, cab or chassis corroded at mounting points to the extent that overall security or stability is seriously impaired | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body, cab or chassis corroded at mounting points to the extent that overall security or stability is seriously impaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid not visible\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (d)(iii) | Brake fluid not visible | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake fluid not visible", "defect_reference": "(d)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-iii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-not-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-d-iii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-not-visible", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(iii) | Brake fluid not visible | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid not visible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder reservoir cap missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose porous\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Brake hose porous | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose porous", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-12-brake-hose-porous.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-12-brake-hose-porous", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(e) | Brake hose porous | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose porous \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Restriction in free movement of the braking system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Restriction in free movement of the braking system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Restriction in free movement of the braking system", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-15-restriction-in-free-movement-of-the-braking-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-15-restriction-in-free-movement-of-the-braking-system", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(e) | Restriction in free movement of the braking system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Restriction in free movement of the braking system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-3-external-damage-likely-to-affect-the-function-of-the-braking-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-3-external-damage-likely-to-affect-the-function-of-the-braking-system", "item_name": "Air and vacuum systems", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Electronic parking brake MIL indicates a malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Electronic parking brake MIL indicates a malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Electronic parking brake MIL indicates a malfunction", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-6-electronic-parking-brake-mil-indicates-a-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-1-6-electronic-parking-brake-mil-indicates-a-malfunction", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | Electronic parking brake MIL indicates a malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Electronic parking brake MIL indicates a malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-in-brake-effort-through-each-wheel-revolution.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-in-brake-effort-through-each-wheel-revolution", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Other components missing or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Other components missing or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other components missing or damaged", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-6-other-components-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-1-6-other-components-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | Other components missing or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other components missing or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Track rod or drag link ends seriously misaligned\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Track rod or drag link ends seriously misaligned | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Track rod or drag link ends seriously misaligned", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-2-1-3-track-rod-or-drag-link-ends-seriously-misaligned.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-2-1-3-track-rod-or-drag-link-ends-seriously-misaligned", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Track rod or drag link ends seriously misaligned | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Track rod or drag link ends seriously misaligned \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification to steering column, forks or fork yoke\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Unsafe modification to steering column, forks or fork yoke | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification to steering column, forks or fork yoke", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-2-2-2-unsafe-modification-to-steering-column-forks-or-fork-yoke.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-2-2-2-unsafe-modification-to-steering-column-forks-or-fork-yoke", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Unsafe modification to steering column, forks or fork yoke | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification to steering column, forks or fork yoke \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A window not wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass or safety glazing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | A window not wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass or safety glazing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A window not wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass or safety glazing", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-3-2-a-window-not-wholly-or-partly-on-either-side-of-the-driver-s-seat-is-not-made-fr.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-3-2-a-window-not-wholly-or-partly-on-either-side-of-the-driver-s-seat-is-not-made-fr", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(e) | A window not wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass or safety glazing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A window not wholly or partly on either side of the driver\u2019s seat is not made from safety glass or safety glazing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Mandatory hazard warning device inoperative\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Mandatory hazard warning device inoperative | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mandatory hazard warning device inoperative", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-4-4-1-mandatory-hazard-warning-device-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-4-4-1-mandatory-hazard-warning-device-inoperative", "item_name": "Presence, condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Mandatory hazard warning device inoperative | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mandatory hazard warning device inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-depth-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-depth-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Fire risk due to fuel tank shield or exhaust shield missing where fitted as original equipment\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Fire risk due to fuel tank shield or exhaust shield missing where fitted as original equipment | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Fire risk due to fuel tank shield or exhaust shield missing where fitted as original equipment", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-3-fire-risk-due-to-fuel-tank-shield-or-exhaust-shield-missing-where-fitted-as-orig.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-3-fire-risk-due-to-fuel-tank-shield-or-exhaust-shield-missing-where-fitted-as-orig", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Fire risk due to fuel tank shield or exhaust shield missing where fitted as original equipment | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fire risk due to fuel tank shield or exhaust shield missing where fitted as original equipment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A towbar coupling indicator not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | A towbar coupling indicator not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A towbar coupling indicator not working", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-6-a-towbar-coupling-indicator-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-6-a-towbar-coupling-indicator-not-working", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | A towbar coupling indicator not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A towbar coupling indicator not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft bent or badly damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | A transmission shaft bent or badly damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft bent or badly damaged", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bent-or-badly-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bent-or-badly-damaged", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(e) | A transmission shaft bent or badly damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft bent or badly damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A bootlid, tailgate, dropside, loading door or access panel cannot be secured in the closed position\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Body condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | A bootlid, tailgate, dropside, loading door or access panel cannot be secured in the closed position | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A bootlid, tailgate, dropside, loading door or access panel cannot be secured in the closed position", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-2-1-a-bootlid-tailgate-dropside-loading-door-or-access-panel-cannot-be-secured-in-th.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-6-2-1-a-bootlid-tailgate-dropside-loading-door-or-access-panel-cannot-be-secured-in-th", "item_name": "Body condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(e) | A bootlid, tailgate, dropside, loading door or access panel cannot be secured in the closed position | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A bootlid, tailgate, dropside, loading door or access panel cannot be secured in the closed position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Seat belt retractor not functioning as intended\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Seat belt retractor not functioning as intended | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seat belt retractor not functioning as intended", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-1-2-seat-belt-retractor-not-functioning-as-intended.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-1-2-seat-belt-retractor-not-functioning-as-intended", "item_name": "Seat belt fitment and condition", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Seat belt retractor not functioning as intended | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat belt retractor not functioning as intended \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Speed limiter plate missing or illegible\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Speed limiter plate missing or illegible | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Speed limiter plate missing or illegible", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-10-speed-limiter-plate-missing-or-illegible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-10-speed-limiter-plate-missing-or-illegible", "item_name": "Speed limiter (if required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(e) | Speed limiter plate missing or illegible | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Speed limiter plate missing or illegible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** ESC MIL indicates a system malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | ESC MIL indicates a system malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "ESC MIL indicates a system malfunction", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-12-esc-mil-indicates-a-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-7-12-esc-mil-indicates-a-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Electronic stability control (ESC)", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(e) | ESC MIL indicates a system malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ESC MIL indicates a system malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Engine is idling clearly above its normal idle speed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Engine is idling clearly above its normal idle speed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Engine is idling clearly above its normal idle speed", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-8-2-1-2-engine-is-idling-clearly-above-its-normal-idle-speed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-8-2-1-2-engine-is-idling-clearly-above-its-normal-idle-speed", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Engine is idling clearly above its normal idle speed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Engine is idling clearly above its normal idle speed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emissions test unable to be completed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e) | Emissions test unable to be completed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emissions test unable to be completed", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-8-2-2-2-emissions-test-unable-to-be-completed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-8-2-2-2-emissions-test-unable-to-be-completed", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Emissions test unable to be completed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emissions test unable to be completed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | Actuator has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-1-1-16-actuator-has-excessive-travel-of-operating-system-indicating-need-for-adjustment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-1-1-16-actuator-has-excessive-travel-of-operating-system-indicating-need-for-adjustment", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Actuator has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is significantly reduced (see Appendix A )\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is significantly reduced (see Appendix A ) | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is significantly reduced (see Appendix A )", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-1-1-21-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-brak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-1-1-21-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-brak", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is significantly reduced (see Appendix A ) | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is significantly reduced (see Appendix A ) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering box leaking oil\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | Steering box leaking oil | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Steering box leaking oil", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-1-steering-box-leaking-oil.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-1-steering-box-leaking-oil", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Steering box leaking oil | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering box leaking oil \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-2-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-stee.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-2-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-stee", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component fouling or misaligned\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | Power steering component fouling or misaligned | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering component fouling or misaligned", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fouling-or-misaligned.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fouling-or-misaligned", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Power steering component fouling or misaligned | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component fouling or misaligned \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar excessively deformed or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(i) | Handlebar excessively deformed or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Handlebar excessively deformed or corroded", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-2-1-handlebar-excessively-deformed-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-i-2-2-1-handlebar-excessively-deformed-or-corroded", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Handlebar excessively deformed or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar excessively deformed or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator has no reserve travel and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Actuator has no reserve travel and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Actuator has no reserve travel and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-1-1-16-actuator-has-no-reserve-travel-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-1-1-16-actuator-has-no-reserve-travel-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Actuator has no reserve travel and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator has no reserve travel and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is so weakened that the functionality of the braking system is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is so weakened that the functionality of the braking system is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is so weakened that the functionality of the braking system is affected", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-1-1-21-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-brak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-1-1-21-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-brak", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is so weakened that the functionality of the braking system is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any braking system actuation component mounting (a prescribed area) is so weakened that the functionality of the braking system is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering box leaking to the extent that oil is dripping\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Steering box leaking to the extent that oil is dripping | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering box leaking to the extent that oil is dripping", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-1-steering-box-leaking-to-the-extent-that-oil-is-dripping.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-1-steering-box-leaking-to-the-extent-that-oil-is-dripping", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Steering box leaking to the extent that oil is dripping | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering box leaking to the extent that oil is dripping \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear security\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-2-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-stee.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-2-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-stee", "item_name": "Steering gear security", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any steering component mounting (a \u2018prescribed area\u2019) is so weakened that control of the vehicle is likely to be adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component fouling or misaligned and steering adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Power steering component fouling or misaligned and steering adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Power steering component fouling or misaligned and steering adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fouling-or-misaligned-and-steering-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-fouling-or-misaligned-and-steering-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Power steering component fouling or misaligned and steering adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component fouling or misaligned and steering adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar deformed or corroded to the extent that steering is adversely affected or failure likely\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Handlebar deformed or corroded to the extent that steering is adversely affected or failure likely | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Handlebar deformed or corroded to the extent that steering is adversely affected or failure likely", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-deformed-or-corroded-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-e-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-deformed-or-corroded-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Handlebar deformed or corroded to the extent that steering is adversely affected or failure likely | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar deformed or corroded to the extent that steering is adversely affected or failure likely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-10-brake-fluid-warning-light-illuminated-or-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-10-brake-fluid-warning-light-illuminated-or-defective", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(f) | Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-levers-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-wear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-levers-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-wear", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(f) | Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake retaining or locking device ineffective or missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Brake retaining or locking device ineffective or missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake retaining or locking device ineffective or missing", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-21-brake-retaining-or-locking-device-ineffective-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-21-brake-retaining-or-locking-device-ineffective-or-missing", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(f) | Brake retaining or locking device ineffective or missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake retaining or locking device ineffective or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Parking brake is not capable of being maintained in operation by direct mechanical action only (vehicle first used on or after 1 January 1968)\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Parking brake is not capable of being maintained in operation by direct mechanical action only (vehicle first used on or after 1 January 1968) | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parking brake is not capable of being maintained in operation by direct mechanical action only (vehicle first used on or after 1 January 1968)", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-6-parking-brake-is-not-capable-of-being-maintained-in-operation-by-direct-mechanic.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-1-6-parking-brake-is-not-capable-of-being-maintained-in-operation-by-direct-mechanic", "item_name": "Parking brake lever or control", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(f) | Parking brake is not capable of being maintained in operation by direct mechanical action only (vehicle first used on or after 1 January 1968) | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parking brake is not capable of being maintained in operation by direct mechanical action only (vehicle first used on or after 1 January 1968) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-2-1-significant-brake-effort-recorded-with-no-brake-applied-indicating-a-binding-bra.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-2-1-significant-brake-effort-recorded-with-no-brake-applied-indicating-a-binding-bra", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(f) | Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** ABS system obviously removed\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | ABS system obviously removed | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "ABS system obviously removed", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-6-abs-system-obviously-removed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-1-6-abs-system-obviously-removed", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(f) | ABS system obviously removed | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ABS system obviously removed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre fouling a part of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | A tyre fouling a part of the vehicle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre fouling a part of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-5-2-3-a-tyre-fouling-a-part-of-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-5-2-3-a-tyre-fouling-a-part-of-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(f) | A tyre fouling a part of the vehicle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre fouling a part of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of an LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system defective\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Any part of an LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system defective | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Any part of an LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system defective", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-6-1-3-any-part-of-an-lpg-cng-lng-or-hydrogen-system-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-6-1-3-any-part-of-an-lpg-cng-lng-or-hydrogen-system-defective", "item_name": "Fuel system", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(f) | Any part of an LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system defective | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of an LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for a continuous period of 5 seconds at idle\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for a continuous period of 5 seconds at idle | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for a continuous period of 5 seconds at idle", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-8-2-1-2-exhaust-emits-dense-blue-or-clearly-visible-black-smoke-for-a-continuous-period-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-8-2-1-2-exhaust-emits-dense-blue-or-clearly-visible-black-smoke-for-a-continuous-period-", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(f) | Exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for a continuous period of 5 seconds at idle | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for a continuous period of 5 seconds at idle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Emissions test not completed because smoke levels are significantly in excess of the specified limit values\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f) | Emissions test not completed because smoke levels are significantly in excess of the specified limit values | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emissions test not completed because smoke levels are significantly in excess of the specified limit values", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-8-2-2-2-emissions-test-not-completed-because-smoke-levels-are-significantly-in-excess-of.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-8-2-2-2-emissions-test-not-completed-because-smoke-levels-are-significantly-in-excess-of", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(f) | Emissions test not completed because smoke levels are significantly in excess of the specified limit values | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emissions test not completed because smoke levels are significantly in excess of the specified limit values \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component with an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | A steering linkage component with an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A steering linkage component with an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-with-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | A steering linkage component with an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component with an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component with an unsafe modification\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | Power steering component with an unsafe modification | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering component with an unsafe modification", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-with-an-unsafe-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-1-5-power-steering-component-with-an-unsafe-modification", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Power steering component with an unsafe modification | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component with an unsafe modification \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar handgrips missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | Handlebar handgrips missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Handlebar handgrips missing", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-2-1-handlebar-handgrips-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-2-1-handlebar-handgrips-missing", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Handlebar handgrips missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar handgrips missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Forks or fork yoke deformed, fractured or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | Forks or fork yoke deformed, fractured or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Forks or fork yoke deformed, fractured or insecure", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-2-2-forks-or-fork-yoke-deformed-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-2-2-2-forks-or-fork-yoke-deformed-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Forks or fork yoke deformed, fractured or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Forks or fork yoke deformed, fractured or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Towbar obstructing the registration plate or any lamp\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | Towbar obstructing the registration plate or any lamp | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Towbar obstructing the registration plate or any lamp", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-6-1-6-towbar-obstructing-the-registration-plate-or-any-lamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-6-1-6-towbar-obstructing-the-registration-plate-or-any-lamp", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Towbar obstructing the registration plate or any lamp | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Towbar obstructing the registration plate or any lamp \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft bearing housing fractured or insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(i) | A transmission shaft bearing housing fractured or insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft bearing housing fractured or insecure", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-housing-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-housing-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | A transmission shaft bearing housing fractured or insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft bearing housing fractured or insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A steering linkage component modified to the extent that steering is affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | A steering linkage component modified to the extent that steering is affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A steering linkage component modified to the extent that steering is affected", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-modified-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-1-3-a-steering-linkage-component-modified-to-the-extent-that-steering-is-affected", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | A steering linkage component modified to the extent that steering is affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A steering linkage component modified to the extent that steering is affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering component modified and steering adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Power steering component modified and steering adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Power steering component modified and steering adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-modified-and-steering-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-component-modified-and-steering-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Power steering component modified and steering adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering component modified and steering adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Handlebar handgrips insecure to handlebar\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Handlebar handgrips insecure to handlebar | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Handlebar handgrips insecure to handlebar", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-handgrips-insecure-to-handlebar.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-2-1-handlebar-handgrips-insecure-to-handlebar", "item_name": "Steering wheel or handlebar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Handlebar handgrips insecure to handlebar | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Handlebar handgrips insecure to handlebar \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Forks or fork yoke in such a condition that steering control is adversely affected or detachment likely\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Forks or fork yoke in such a condition that steering control is adversely affected or detachment likely | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Forks or fork yoke in such a condition that steering control is adversely affected or detachment likely", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-2-2-forks-or-fork-yoke-in-such-a-condition-that-steering-control-is-adversely-affect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-2-2-2-forks-or-fork-yoke-in-such-a-condition-that-steering-control-is-adversely-affect", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Forks or fork yoke in such a condition that steering control is adversely affected or detachment likely | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Forks or fork yoke in such a condition that steering control is adversely affected or detachment likely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Towbar obstructing the registration plate so that it is unreadable\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Towbar obstructing the registration plate so that it is unreadable | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Towbar obstructing the registration plate so that it is unreadable", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-6-1-6-towbar-obstructing-the-registration-plate-so-that-it-is-unreadable.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-6-1-6-towbar-obstructing-the-registration-plate-so-that-it-is-unreadable", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Towbar obstructing the registration plate so that it is unreadable | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Towbar obstructing the registration plate so that it is unreadable \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft bearing housing likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (f)(ii) | A transmission shaft bearing housing likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A transmission shaft bearing housing likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-housing-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-f-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-bearing-housing-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | A transmission shaft bearing housing likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft bearing housing likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-1-1-10-incorrect-functioning-of-brake-fluid-level-warning-device.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-1-1-10-incorrect-functioning-of-brake-fluid-level-warning-device", "item_name": "Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(g) | Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake performance unable to be tested\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | Brake performance unable to be tested | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake performance unable to be tested", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-1-2-1-brake-performance-unable-to-be-tested.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-1-2-1-brake-performance-unable-to-be-tested", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(g) | Brake performance unable to be tested | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake performance unable to be tested \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering head bearings have excessive wear or play\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | Steering head bearings have excessive wear or play | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering head bearings have excessive wear or play", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-2-2-2-steering-head-bearings-have-excessive-wear-or-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-2-2-2-steering-head-bearings-have-excessive-wear-or-play", "item_name": "Steering column or forks and yokes", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(g) | Steering head bearings have excessive wear or play | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering head bearings have excessive wear or play \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A recut tyre fitted to a vehicle not permitted to be fitted with recut tyres\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | A recut tyre fitted to a vehicle not permitted to be fitted with recut tyres | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A recut tyre fitted to a vehicle not permitted to be fitted with recut tyres", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-5-2-3-a-recut-tyre-fitted-to-a-vehicle-not-permitted-to-be-fitted-with-recut-tyres.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-5-2-3-a-recut-tyre-fitted-to-a-vehicle-not-permitted-to-be-fitted-with-recut-tyres", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(g) | A recut tyre fitted to a vehicle not permitted to be fitted with recut tyres | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A recut tyre fitted to a vehicle not permitted to be fitted with recut tyres \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Exhaust emits excessive dense blue or clearly visible black smoke during acceleration which would obscure the view of other road users\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | Exhaust emits excessive dense blue or clearly visible black smoke during acceleration which would obscure the view of other road users | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Exhaust emits excessive dense blue or clearly visible black smoke during acceleration which would obscure the view of other road users", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-8-2-1-2-exhaust-emits-excessive-dense-blue-or-clearly-visible-black-smoke-during-acceler.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-8-2-1-2-exhaust-emits-excessive-dense-blue-or-clearly-visible-black-smoke-during-acceler", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(g) | Exhaust emits excessive dense blue or clearly visible black smoke during acceleration which would obscure the view of other road users | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Exhaust emits excessive dense blue or clearly visible black smoke during acceleration which would obscure the view of other road users \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Opacity\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g) | Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-8-2-2-2-engine-mil-inoperative-or-indicating-a-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-8-2-2-2-engine-mil-inoperative-or-indicating-a-malfunction", "item_name": "Opacity", "item_number": "8.2.2.2", "source_quote": "(g) | Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover damaged or deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(i) | Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover damaged or deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover damaged or deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(g)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-2-1-3-steering-rack-gaiter-or-ball-joint-dust-cover-damaged-or-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-2-1-3-steering-rack-gaiter-or-ball-joint-dust-cover-damaged-or-deteriorated", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(g)(i) | Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover damaged or deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover damaged or deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering pipe, hose or wiring excessively damaged or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(i) | Power steering pipe, hose or wiring excessively damaged or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power steering pipe, hose or wiring excessively damaged or corroded", "defect_reference": "(g)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-2-1-5-power-steering-pipe-hose-or-wiring-excessively-damaged-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-2-1-5-power-steering-pipe-hose-or-wiring-excessively-damaged-or-corroded", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(g)(i) | Power steering pipe, hose or wiring excessively damaged or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering pipe, hose or wiring excessively damaged or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification to towbar secondary components\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(i) | Unsafe modification to towbar secondary components | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification to towbar secondary components", "defect_reference": "(g)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-to-towbar-secondary-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-to-towbar-secondary-components", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(g)(i) | Unsafe modification to towbar secondary components | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification to towbar secondary components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot severely deteriorated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(i) | A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot severely deteriorated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot severely deteriorated", "defect_reference": "(g)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-constant-velocity-joint-boot-severely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-i-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-constant-velocity-joint-boot-severely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(g)(i) | A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot severely deteriorated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot severely deteriorated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(ii) | Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc.", "defect_reference": "(g)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-2-1-3-steering-rack-gaiter-or-ball-joint-dust-cover-missing-or-no-longer-prevents-the-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-2-1-3-steering-rack-gaiter-or-ball-joint-dust-cover-missing-or-no-longer-prevents-the-", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(g)(ii) | Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Power steering pipe, hose or wiring damaged or corroded and steering adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(ii) | Power steering pipe, hose or wiring damaged or corroded and steering adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Power steering pipe, hose or wiring damaged or corroded and steering adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(g)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-pipe-hose-or-wiring-damaged-or-corroded-and-steering-adversely-af.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-2-1-5-power-steering-pipe-hose-or-wiring-damaged-or-corroded-and-steering-adversely-af", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(g)(ii) | Power steering pipe, hose or wiring damaged or corroded and steering adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power steering pipe, hose or wiring damaged or corroded and steering adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification to towbar primary components\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(ii) | Unsafe modification to towbar primary components | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Unsafe modification to towbar primary components", "defect_reference": "(g)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-to-towbar-primary-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-to-towbar-primary-components", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(g)(ii) | Unsafe modification to towbar primary components | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification to towbar primary components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing, split or insecure so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (g)(ii) | A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing, split or insecure so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing, split or insecure so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt", "defect_reference": "(g)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-constant-velocity-joint-boot-missing-split-or-insecure-so-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-g-ii-6-1-7-a-transmission-shaft-constant-velocity-joint-boot-missing-split-or-insecure-so-t", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(g)(ii) | A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing, split or insecure so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing, split or insecure so that it no longer prevents the ingress of dirt \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously not working\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously not working | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously not working", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-5-2-3-tyre-pressure-monitoring-system-malfunctioning-or-obviously-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-5-2-3-tyre-pressure-monitoring-system-malfunctioning-or-obviously-not-working", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously not working | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously not working \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Coupling too weak\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (h) | Coupling too weak | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Coupling too weak", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-6-1-6-coupling-too-weak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-6-1-6-coupling-too-weak", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(h) | Coupling too weak | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Coupling too weak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (h) | Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-8-2-1-2-engine-mil-inoperative-or-indicating-a-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-8-2-1-2-engine-mil-inoperative-or-indicating-a-malfunction", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(h) | Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Engine MIL inoperative or indicating a malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Rear wheel steering inoperative and rear wheels not held in the substantially straight ahead position\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (h)(i) | Rear wheel steering inoperative and rear wheels not held in the substantially straight ahead position | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Rear wheel steering inoperative and rear wheels not held in the substantially straight ahead position", "defect_reference": "(h)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-i-2-1-3-rear-wheel-steering-inoperative-and-rear-wheels-not-held-in-the-substantially-st.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-i-2-1-3-rear-wheel-steering-inoperative-and-rear-wheels-not-held-in-the-substantially-st", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(h)(i) | Rear wheel steering inoperative and rear wheels not held in the substantially straight ahead position | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rear wheel steering inoperative and rear wheels not held in the substantially straight ahead position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Rear wheel steering inoperative and control of vehicle adversely affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (h)(ii) | Rear wheel steering inoperative and control of vehicle adversely affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Rear wheel steering inoperative and control of vehicle adversely affected", "defect_reference": "(h)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-ii-2-1-3-rear-wheel-steering-inoperative-and-control-of-vehicle-adversely-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-h-ii-2-1-3-rear-wheel-steering-inoperative-and-control-of-vehicle-adversely-affected", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(h)(ii) | Rear wheel steering inoperative and control of vehicle adversely affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rear wheel steering inoperative and control of vehicle adversely affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre not fitted in compliance with the manufacturer\u2019s sidewall instructions\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (i) | A tyre not fitted in compliance with the manufacturer\u2019s sidewall instructions | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre not fitted in compliance with the manufacturer\u2019s sidewall instructions", "defect_reference": "(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-not-fitted-in-compliance-with-the-manufacturer-s-sidewall-instructions.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-5-2-3-a-tyre-not-fitted-in-compliance-with-the-manufacturer-s-sidewall-instructions", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(i) | A tyre not fitted in compliance with the manufacturer\u2019s sidewall instructions | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre not fitted in compliance with the manufacturer\u2019s sidewall instructions \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is significantly reduced\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (i)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (i)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is significantly reduced | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is significantly reduced", "defect_reference": "(i)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-i-6-1-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-towb.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-i-6-1-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-towb", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(i)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is significantly reduced | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is significantly reduced \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is so weakened that the towbar is likely to become detached\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (i)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (i)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is so weakened that the towbar is likely to become detached | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is so weakened that the towbar is likely to become detached", "defect_reference": "(i)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-ii-6-1-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-towb.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-i-ii-6-1-6-the-strength-or-continuity-of-the-load-bearing-structure-within-30cm-of-any-towb", "item_name": "Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(i)(ii) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is so weakened that the towbar is likely to become detached | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any towbar mounting bracket is so weakened that the towbar is likely to become detached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre valve seriously damaged or misaligned likely to cause sudden deflation of the tyre\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (j)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (j) | A tyre valve seriously damaged or misaligned likely to cause sudden deflation of the tyre | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A tyre valve seriously damaged or misaligned likely to cause sudden deflation of the tyre", "defect_reference": "(j)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-j-5-2-3-a-tyre-valve-seriously-damaged-or-misaligned-likely-to-cause-sudden-deflation-of.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-j-5-2-3-a-tyre-valve-seriously-damaged-or-misaligned-likely-to-cause-sudden-deflation-of", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(j) | A tyre valve seriously damaged or misaligned likely to cause sudden deflation of the tyre | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre valve seriously damaged or misaligned likely to cause sudden deflation of the tyre \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre incorrectly seated on the wheel rim\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (k)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (k) | A tyre incorrectly seated on the wheel rim | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A tyre incorrectly seated on the wheel rim", "defect_reference": "(k)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-k-5-2-3-a-tyre-incorrectly-seated-on-the-wheel-rim.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-k-5-2-3-a-tyre-incorrectly-seated-on-the-wheel-rim", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(k) | A tyre incorrectly seated on the wheel rim | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre incorrectly seated on the wheel rim \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre obviously under-inflated\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (l)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (l) | Tyre obviously under-inflated | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tyre obviously under-inflated", "defect_reference": "(l)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-l-5-2-3-tyre-obviously-under-inflated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-l-5-2-3-tyre-obviously-under-inflated", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(l) | Tyre obviously under-inflated | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre obviously under-inflated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A tyre over ten years old is fitted to a front steered axle of a bus, coach, or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (m)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (m) | A tyre over ten years old is fitted to a front steered axle of a bus, coach, or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A tyre over ten years old is fitted to a front steered axle of a bus, coach, or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment", "defect_reference": "(m)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-m-5-2-3-a-tyre-over-ten-years-old-is-fitted-to-a-front-steered-axle-of-a-bus-coach-or-an.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-m-5-2-3-a-tyre-over-ten-years-old-is-fitted-to-a-front-steered-axle-of-a-bus-coach-or-an", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(m) | A tyre over ten years old is fitted to a front steered axle of a bus, coach, or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tyre over ten years old is fitted to a front steered axle of a bus, coach, or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A date code illegible on a tyre fitted to a rear axle of a bus or coach\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (n)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (n)(i) | A date code illegible on a tyre fitted to a rear axle of a bus or coach | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A date code illegible on a tyre fitted to a rear axle of a bus or coach", "defect_reference": "(n)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-n-i-5-2-3-a-date-code-illegible-on-a-tyre-fitted-to-a-rear-axle-of-a-bus-or-coach.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-n-i-5-2-3-a-date-code-illegible-on-a-tyre-fitted-to-a-rear-axle-of-a-bus-or-coach", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(n)(i) | A date code illegible on a tyre fitted to a rear axle of a bus or coach | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A date code illegible on a tyre fitted to a rear axle of a bus or coach \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)", "body": "**Defect:** A date code illegible or not visible on a tyre fitted to a front steered axle of a bus or coach or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (n)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)\n\n> (n)(ii) | A date code illegible or not visible on a tyre fitted to a front steered axle of a bus or coach or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A date code illegible or not visible on a tyre fitted to a front steered axle of a bus or coach or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment", "defect_reference": "(n)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-n-ii-5-2-3-a-date-code-illegible-or-not-visible-on-a-tyre-fitted-to-a-front-steered-axle-of.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-cars-vans-and-passenger-vehicles-classes-3-4-5-7-n-ii-5-2-3-a-date-code-illegible-or-not-visible-on-a-tyre-fitted-to-a-front-steered-axle-of", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(n)(ii) | A date code illegible or not visible on a tyre fitted to a front steered axle of a bus or coach or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A date code illegible or not visible on a tyre fitted to a front steered axle of a bus or coach or any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "authority, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Lever or pedal pivot too tight\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal pivot in use\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Lever or pedal pivot too tight | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lever or pedal pivot too tight", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-1-lever-or-pedal-pivot-too-tight.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-1-lever-or-pedal-pivot-too-tight", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal pivot in use", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Lever or pedal pivot too tight | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lever or pedal pivot too tight \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-11-brake-pipe-is-at-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-11-brake-pipe-is-at-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose damaged and likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Brake hose damaged and likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hose damaged and likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-12-brake-hose-damaged-and-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-12-brake-hose-damaged-and-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake hose damaged and likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose damaged and likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad worn below 1.0mm\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Brake lining or pad worn below 1.0mm | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake lining or pad worn below 1.0mm", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-below-1-0mm.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-worn-below-1-0mm", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake lining or pad worn below 1.0mm | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad worn below 1.0mm \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable damaged or knotted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Cable damaged or knotted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable damaged or knotted", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(a) | Cable damaged or knotted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable damaged or knotted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control has insufficient reserve travel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Brake control has insufficient reserve travel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake control has insufficient reserve travel", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-2-brake-control-has-insufficient-reserve-travel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-1-2-brake-control-has-insufficient-reserve-travel", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake control has insufficient reserve travel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control has insufficient reserve travel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid contaminated\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake fluid\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a) | Brake fluid contaminated | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake fluid contaminated", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-8-brake-fluid-contaminated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-1-8-brake-fluid-contaminated", "item_name": "Brake fluid", "item_number": "1.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Brake fluid contaminated | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid contaminated \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake servo defective or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake servo defective or ineffective | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake servo defective or ineffective", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-10-brake-servo-defective-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-10-brake-servo-defective-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake servo defective or ineffective | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake servo defective or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-significantly-and-obviously-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-significantly-and-obviously-worn", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-not-affect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-not-affect", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is inadequate braking effort at a wheel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(i) | On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is inadequate braking effort at a wheel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is inadequate braking effort at a wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-2-1-on-a-motorcycle-with-two-front-or-rear-wheels-there-is-inadequate-braking-effort.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-2-1-on-a-motorcycle-with-two-front-or-rear-wheels-there-is-inadequate-braking-effort", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is inadequate braking effort at a wheel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is inadequate braking effort at a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake efficiency below minimum requirement\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(i) | Brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake efficiency below minimum requirement", "defect_reference": "(a)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-2-2-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-i-1-2-2-brake-efficiency-below-minimum-requirement", "item_name": "Brake efficiency", "item_number": "1.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(i) | Brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake efficiency below minimum requirement \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake servo inoperative\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake servo inoperative | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake servo inoperative", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-10-brake-servo-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-10-brake-servo-inoperative", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake servo inoperative | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake servo inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-insecure-fractured-or-otherwise-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-14-brake-disc-or-drum-insecure-fractured-or-otherwise-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-cracked-or-damaged-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder cracked or damaged and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is no recorded brake effort at a wheel\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(ii) | On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is no recorded brake effort at a wheel | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is no recorded brake effort at a wheel", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-2-1-on-a-motorcycle-with-two-front-or-rear-wheels-there-is-no-recorded-brake-effort-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-2-1-on-a-motorcycle-with-two-front-or-rear-wheels-there-is-no-recorded-brake-effort-", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is no recorded brake effort at a wheel | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "On a motorcycle with two front or rear wheels, there is no recorded brake effort at a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake efficiency less than 27.5% overall\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake efficiency\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (a)(ii) | Brake efficiency less than 27.5% overall | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake efficiency less than 27.5% overall", "defect_reference": "(a)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-2-2-brake-efficiency-less-than-27-5-overall.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-a-ii-1-2-2-brake-efficiency-less-than-27-5-overall", "item_name": "Brake efficiency", "item_number": "1.2.2", "source_quote": "(a)(ii) | Brake efficiency less than 27.5% overall | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake efficiency less than 27.5% overall \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Lever or pedal pivot has excessive wear or free play\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal pivot in use\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) | Lever or pedal pivot has excessive wear or free play | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lever or pedal pivot has excessive wear or free play", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-1-lever-or-pedal-pivot-has-excessive-wear-or-free-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-1-lever-or-pedal-pivot-has-excessive-wear-or-free-play", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal pivot in use", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Lever or pedal pivot has excessive wear or free play | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lever or pedal pivot has excessive wear or free play \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking brake pipe or connection\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) | Leaking brake pipe or connection | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Leaking brake pipe or connection", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-11-leaking-brake-pipe-or-connection", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaking brake pipe or connection | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking brake pipe or connection \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) | Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad contaminated with oil, grease etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Contaminated with oil, grease etc.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) | Contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Contaminated with oil, grease etc.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-14-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-14-contaminated-with-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(b) | Contaminated with oil, grease etc. | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Contaminated with oil, grease etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Component excessively worn or corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) | Component excessively worn or corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Component excessively worn or corroded", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(b) | Component excessively worn or corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component excessively worn or corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder defective but brake still operating\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(i) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(i) | Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-slightly-damaged-chafed-or-twisted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-slightly-damaged-chafed-or-twisted", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Flexible brake hose slightly damaged, chafed or twisted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-leaking-and-braking-performance-not-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-leaking-and-braking-performance-not-affected", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control not releasing correctly\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(i) | Brake control not releasing correctly | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake control not releasing correctly", "defect_reference": "(b)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-i-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b)(i) | Brake control not releasing correctly | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control not releasing correctly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder leaking\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Master cylinder leaking | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Master cylinder leaking", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-10-master-cylinder-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-10-master-cylinder-leaking", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Master cylinder leaking | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-excessively-damaged-deteriorated-chafed-twisted-or-stretched.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-12-flexible-brake-hose-excessively-damaged-deteriorated-chafed-twisted-or-stretched", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Flexible brake hose excessively damaged, deteriorated, chafed, twisted or stretched \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(b)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-leaking-and-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-leaking-and-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder leaking and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control not releasing correctly so that the functionality of brakes affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b) (ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (b) (ii) | Brake control not releasing correctly so that the functionality of brakes affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake control not releasing correctly so that the functionality of brakes affected", "defect_reference": "(b) (ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly-so-that-the-functionality-of-brakes-affect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-b-ii-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly-so-that-the-functionality-of-brakes-affect", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) (ii) | Brake control not releasing correctly so that the functionality of brakes affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control not releasing correctly so that the functionality of brakes affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Master cylinder insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Master cylinder insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe excessively damaged or excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Brake pipe excessively damaged or excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake pipe excessively damaged or excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-11-brake-pipe-excessively-damaged-or-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-11-brake-pipe-excessively-damaged-or-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake pipe excessively damaged or excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe excessively damaged or excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hoses or connections leaking\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Brake hoses or connections leaking | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hoses or connections leaking", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-12-brake-hoses-or-connections-leaking", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake hoses or connections leaking | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hoses or connections leaking \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-missing-or-incorrectly-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-13-brake-lining-or-pad-missing-or-incorrectly-mounted", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake lining or pad missing or incorrectly mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Missing\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Missing | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Missing", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-14-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-14-missing", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(c) | Missing | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable, rod or joint insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable, rod or joint insecure", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable, rod or joint insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Brake pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-2-brake-pedal-anti-slip-provision-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-2-brake-pedal-anti-slip-provision-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Brake pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose or worn smooth \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Any braking system component insecure or inadequately mounted\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | Any braking system component insecure or inadequately mounted | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any braking system component insecure or inadequately mounted", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-21-any-braking-system-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-1-21-any-braking-system-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(c) | Any braking system component insecure or inadequately mounted | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any braking system component insecure or inadequately mounted \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** A brake on any wheel grabbing severely\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-2-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-1-2-1-a-brake-on-any-wheel-grabbing-severely", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | A brake on any wheel grabbing severely | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A brake on any wheel grabbing severely \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performa.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performa", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance not affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (c)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(c)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performa.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-c-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted-and-braking-performa", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder insecure or inadequately mounted and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose bulging under pressure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d) | Brake hose bulging under pressure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose bulging under pressure", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-12-brake-hose-bulging-under-pressure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-12-brake-hose-bulging-under-pressure", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(d) | Brake hose bulging under pressure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose bulging under pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake drum back plate insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d) | Brake drum back plate insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake drum back plate insecure", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-14-brake-drum-back-plate-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-14-brake-drum-back-plate-insecure", "item_name": "Brake discs and drums", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(d) | Brake drum back plate insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake drum back plate insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Cable guide defective affecting operation\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d) | Cable guide defective affecting operation | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable guide defective affecting operation", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective-affecting-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective-affecting-operation", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(d) | Cable guide defective affecting operation | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable guide defective affecting operation \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control so positioned, bent or shortened that the brake cannot be readily applied\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d) | Brake control so positioned, bent or shortened that the brake cannot be readily applied | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake control so positioned, bent or shortened that the brake cannot be readily applied", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-2-brake-control-so-positioned-bent-or-shortened-that-the-brake-cannot-be-readily-a.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-1-2-brake-control-so-positioned-bent-or-shortened-that-the-brake-cannot-be-readily-a", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Brake control so positioned, bent or shortened that the brake cannot be readily applied | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control so positioned, bent or shortened that the brake cannot be readily applied \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-on-a-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-on-a-wheel", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid below minimum mark\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(i) | Brake fluid below minimum mark | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake fluid below minimum mark", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-10-brake-fluid-below-minimum-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-10-brake-fluid-below-minimum-mark", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Brake fluid below minimum mark | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid below minimum mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(i) | Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported | Minor\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-11-brake-pipe-inadequately-clipped-or-supported.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-11-brake-pipe-inadequately-clipped-or-supported", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported | Minor", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe inadequately clipped or supported \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking system component modification unsafe\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(i) | Braking system component modification unsafe | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking system component modification unsafe", "defect_reference": "(d)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-unsafe.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-i-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-unsafe", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d)(i) | Braking system component modification unsafe | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking system component modification unsafe \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-minimum-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-minimum-mark", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid significantly below minimum mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-11-brake-pipe-likely-to-become-detached-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-11-brake-pipe-likely-to-become-detached-or-damaged", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake pipe likely to become detached or damaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded and likely to crack\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded and likely to crack | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded and likely to crack", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-crack.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-crack", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded and likely to crack | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder excessively corroded and likely to crack \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(ii) | Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance", "defect_reference": "(d)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-adversely-affecting-braking-performance.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-ii-1-1-21-braking-system-component-modification-adversely-affecting-braking-performance", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d)(ii) | Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking system component modification adversely affecting braking performance \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid not visible\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)(iii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (d)(iii) | Brake fluid not visible | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake fluid not visible", "defect_reference": "(d)(iii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-iii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-not-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-d-iii-1-1-10-brake-fluid-not-visible", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d)(iii) | Brake fluid not visible | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid not visible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder reservoir cap missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake master cylinder and servo\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing", "item_name": "Brake master cylinder and servo", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose porous\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e) | Brake hose porous | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose porous", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-12-brake-hose-porous.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-12-brake-hose-porous", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(e) | Brake hose porous | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose porous \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Restriction in free movement of the braking system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e) | Restriction in free movement of the braking system | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Restriction in free movement of the braking system", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-15-restriction-in-free-movement-of-the-braking-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-1-15-restriction-in-free-movement-of-the-braking-system", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(e) | Restriction in free movement of the braking system | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Restriction in free movement of the braking system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e) | Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-in-brake-effort-through-each-wheel-revolution.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-in-brake-effort-through-each-wheel-revolution", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive fluctuation in brake effort through each wheel revolution \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-has-excessive-travel-of-operating-system-indicating-n.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-i-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-has-excessive-travel-of-operating-system-indicating-n", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Brake calliper or cylinder has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder has excessive travel of operating system indicating need for adjustment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control insecure\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e)(i) | Brake control insecure | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake control insecure", "defect_reference": "(e)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-i-1-1-2-brake-control-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-i-1-1-2-brake-control-insecure", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(e)(i) | Brake control insecure | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake calliper or cylinder has no reserve travel and braking performance affected\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake callipers and cylinders\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder has no reserve travel and braking performance affected | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake calliper or cylinder has no reserve travel and braking performance affected", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-has-no-reserve-travel-and-braking-performance-affecte.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-ii-1-1-16-brake-calliper-or-cylinder-has-no-reserve-travel-and-braking-performance-affecte", "item_name": "Brake callipers and cylinders", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Brake calliper or cylinder has no reserve travel and braking performance affected | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake calliper or cylinder has no reserve travel and braking performance affected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control so insecure that the brake cannot be readily applied\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake lever and pedal condition and travel\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (e)(ii) | Brake control so insecure that the brake cannot be readily applied | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake control so insecure that the brake cannot be readily applied", "defect_reference": "(e)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-ii-1-1-2-brake-control-so-insecure-that-the-brake-cannot-be-readily-applied.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-e-ii-1-1-2-brake-control-so-insecure-that-the-brake-cannot-be-readily-applied", "item_name": "Brake lever and pedal condition and travel", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(e)(ii) | Brake control so insecure that the brake cannot be readily applied | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control so insecure that the brake cannot be readily applied \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (f) | Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-levers-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-wear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-levers-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-wear", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(f) | Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal movement of levers indicating maladjustment or excessive wear \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (f) | Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-1-2-1-significant-brake-effort-recorded-with-no-brake-applied-indicating-a-binding-bra.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-1-2-1-significant-brake-effort-recorded-with-no-brake-applied-indicating-a-binding-bra", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(f) | Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Significant brake effort recorded with no brake applied indicating a binding brake \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(i)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (f)(i) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded", "defect_reference": "(f)(i)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-i-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-i-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(f)(i) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)(ii)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (f)(ii) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail | Dangerous\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail", "defect_reference": "(f)(ii)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-ii-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-fail.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-f-ii-1-1-12-brake-hose-ferrules-excessively-corroded-and-likely-to-fail", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(f)(ii) | Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail | Dangerous", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake hose ferrules excessively corroded and likely to fail \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)", "body": "**Defect:** Brake performance unable to be tested\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake performance\n\n**Authority:** DVSA MOT (motorcycles, classes 1 and 2)\n\n> (g) | Brake performance unable to be tested | Major\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake performance unable to be tested", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-g-1-2-1-brake-performance-unable-to-be-tested.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "dvsa-mot-motorcycles-classes-1-and-2-g-1-2-1-brake-performance-unable-to-be-tested", "item_name": "Brake performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(g) | Brake performance unable to be tested | Major", "sources": ["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-motorcycles/1-brakes"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake performance unable to be tested \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Number plate(s) missing or so insecurely fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Number plate(s) missing or so insecurely fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Number plate(s) missing or so insecurely fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-0-1-number-plate-s-missing-or-so-insecurely-fixed-that-it-is-they-are-likely-to-fall.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-0-1-number-plate-s-missing-or-so-insecurely-fixed-that-it-is-they-are-likely-to-fall", "item_name": "Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )", "item_number": "0.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Number plate(s) missing or so insecurely fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Number plate(s) missing or so insecurely fixed that it is (they are) likely to fall off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or can not be found.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing or can not be found. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing or can not be found.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-0-2-missing-or-can-not-be-found.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-0-2-missing-or-can-not-be-found", "item_name": "Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number", "item_number": "0.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing or can not be found. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or can not be found. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pivot too tight.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal/hand lever pivot\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Pivot too tight. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Pivot too tight.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-1-pivot-too-tight.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-1-pivot-too-tight", "item_name": "Service brake pedal/hand lever pivot", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Pivot too tight. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pivot too tight. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective or ineffective servo unit.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective or ineffective servo unit. If it is not operating. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective or ineffective servo unit.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-10-defective-or-ineffective-servo-unit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-10-defective-or-ineffective-servo-unit", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective or ineffective servo unit. If it is not operating. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective or ineffective servo unit. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If it is not operating.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective or ineffective servo unit. If it is not operating. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "If it is not operating.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-10-if-it-is-not-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-10-if-it-is-not-operating", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective or ineffective servo unit. If it is not operating. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If it is not operating. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Imminent risk of failure or fracture.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Imminent risk of failure or fracture. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Imminent risk of failure or fracture.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-11-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-11-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Imminent risk of failure or fracture. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Imminent risk of failure or fracture. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Imminent risk of failure or fracture.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Imminent risk of failure or fracture. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Imminent risk of failure or fracture.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-12-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-12-imminent-risk-of-failure-or-fracture", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Imminent risk of failure or fracture. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Imminent risk of failure or fracture. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached). Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-excessively-worn-minimum-mark-not-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-excessively-worn-minimum-mark-not-visible", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(a) | Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached). Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached). Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-excessively-worn-minimum-mark-reached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-excessively-worn-minimum-mark-reached", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(a) | Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached). Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark not visible). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lining or pad excessively worn (minimum mark reached). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Drum or disc worn Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-excessively-worn-excessively-scored-cracked-insecure-or-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-excessively-worn-excessively-scored-cracked-insecure-or-fractured", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a) | Drum or disc worn Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drum or disc worn\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Drum or disc worn Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Drum or disc worn", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-worn", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(a) | Drum or disc worn Drum or disc excessively worn, excessively scored, cracked, insecure or fractured. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drum or disc worn \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Cable damaged or knotted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-15-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-15-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(a) | Cable damaged or knotted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cable damaged or knotted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Cable damaged or knotted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable damaged or knotted.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-15-cable-damaged-or-knotted", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(a) | Cable damaged or knotted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable damaged or knotted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator cracked or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Actuator cracked or damaged. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator cracked or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-16-actuator-cracked-or-damaged", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a) | Actuator cracked or damaged. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator cracked or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Actuator cracked or damaged. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(a) | Actuator cracked or damaged. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective linkage.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective linkage. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective linkage.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-17-defective-linkage.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-17-defective-linkage", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective linkage. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective linkage. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Slack adjusters and indicators\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-18-adjuster-damaged-seized-or-having-abnormal-movement-excessive-wear-or-incorrect-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-18-adjuster-damaged-seized-or-having-abnormal-movement-excessive-wear-or-incorrect-", "item_name": "Slack adjusters and indicators", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(a) | Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure connectors or mountings. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-19-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-19-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure connectors or mountings. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure connectors or mountings.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure connectors or mountings. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insecure connectors or mountings.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-19-insecure-connectors-or-mountings.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-19-insecure-connectors-or-mountings", "item_name": "Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure connectors or mountings. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure connectors or mountings. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive or insufficient reserve travel.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive or insufficient reserve travel. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive or insufficient reserve travel.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-2-excessive-or-insufficient-reserve-travel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-2-excessive-or-insufficient-reserve-travel", "item_name": "Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive or insufficient reserve travel. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive or insufficient reserve travel. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-21-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-21-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(a) | Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-21-other-system-devices-e-g-anti-freeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-damaged-externally-or-ex.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-21-other-system-devices-e-g-anti-freeze-pump-air-dryer-etc-damaged-externally-or-ex", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(a) | Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.22\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Test connections (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-22-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-22-missing", "item_name": "Test connections (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.22", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading); at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-3-at-least-two-brake-applications-after-the-warning-device-has-operated-or-gauge-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-3-at-least-two-brake-applications-after-the-warning-device-has-operated-or-gauge-s", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading); at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading);\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading); at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading);", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-to-give-assistance-for-at-least-four-brake-applicat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-3-insufficient-pressure-vacuum-to-give-assistance-for-at-least-four-brake-applicat", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading); at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading); \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand-operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-5-control-cracked-damaged-or-excessively-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-5-control-cracked-damaged-or-excessively-worn", "item_name": "Hand-operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Ratchet not holding correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Ratchet not holding correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Ratchet not holding correctly.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-6-ratchet-not-holding-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-6-ratchet-not-holding-correctly", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Ratchet not holding correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Ratchet not holding correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-7-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-7-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Valve damaged or excessive air leak.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Valve damaged or excessive air leak.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-7-valve-damaged-or-excessive-air-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-7-valve-damaged-or-excessive-air-leak", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve damaged or excessive air leak. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tap or self sealing valve defective. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Tap or self sealing valve defective. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tap or self sealing valve defective.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tap or self sealing valve defective. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tap or self sealing valve defective.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-8-tap-or-self-sealing-valve-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-8-tap-or-self-sealing-valve-defective", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Tap or self sealing valve defective. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tap or self sealing valve defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Energy storage reservoir pressure tank\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded. Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-9-tank-heavily-damaged-corroded-or-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-9-tank-heavily-damaged-corroded-or-leaking", "item_name": "Energy storage reservoir pressure tank", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded. Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Energy storage reservoir pressure tank\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded. Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-9-tank-slightly-damaged-or-slightly-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-1-9-tank-slightly-damaged-or-slightly-corroded", "item_name": "Energy storage reservoir pressure tank", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded. Tank heavily damaged, corroded or leaking. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tank slightly damaged or slightly corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-2-1-inadequate-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-2-1-inadequate-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No braking effort on one or more wheels.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "No braking effort on one or more wheels.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-2-1-no-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-2-1-no-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No braking effort on one or more wheels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-3-1-inadequate-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-3-1-inadequate-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No braking effort on one or more wheels.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "No braking effort on one or more wheels.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-3-1-no-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-3-1-no-braking-effort-on-one-or-more-wheels", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels. No braking effort on one or more wheels. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No braking effort on one or more wheels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Endurance braking system performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-5-no-gradual-variation-of-efficiency-not-applicable-to-exhaust-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-5-no-gradual-variation-of-efficiency-not-applicable-to-exhaust-brake-systems", "item_name": "Endurance braking system performance", "item_number": "1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device malfunctioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Warning device malfunctioning. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device malfunctioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-6-warning-device-malfunctioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-6-warning-device-malfunctioning", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Warning device malfunctioning. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device malfunctioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device malfunctioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic brake system (EBS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Warning device malfunctioning. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device malfunctioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-7-warning-device-malfunctioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-1-7-warning-device-malfunctioning", "item_name": "Electronic brake system (EBS)", "item_number": "1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Warning device malfunctioning. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device malfunctioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Roughness in operation of gear.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Roughness in operation of gear. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Roughness in operation of gear.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-1-roughness-in-operation-of-gear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-1-roughness-in-operation-of-gear", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Roughness in operation of gear. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Roughness in operation of gear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Steering gear casing not properly attached. Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-2-attachments-dangerously-loose-or-relative-movement-to-chassis-bodywork-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-2-attachments-dangerously-loose-or-relative-movement-to-chassis-bodywork-visible", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Steering gear casing not properly attached. Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing not properly attached.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Steering gear casing not properly attached. Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear casing not properly attached.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-not-properly-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-not-properly-attached", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Steering gear casing not properly attached. Attachments dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing not properly attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement or likely to unlink.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Relative movement between components which should be fixed. Excessive movement or likely to unlink. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Excessive movement or likely to unlink.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-3-excessive-movement-or-likely-to-unlink.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-3-excessive-movement-or-likely-to-unlink", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Relative movement between components which should be fixed. Excessive movement or likely to unlink. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement or likely to unlink. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Relative movement between components which should be fixed.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Relative movement between components which should be fixed. Excessive movement or likely to unlink. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Relative movement between components which should be fixed.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-3-relative-movement-between-components-which-should-be-fixed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-3-relative-movement-between-components-which-should-be-fixed", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Relative movement between components which should be fixed. Excessive movement or likely to unlink. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Relative movement between components which should be fixed. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of the chassis.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of the chassis. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of the chassis.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-4-moving-steering-linkage-fouling-a-fixed-part-of-the-chassis.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-4-moving-steering-linkage-fouling-a-fixed-part-of-the-chassis", "item_name": "Steering linkage operation", "item_number": "2.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of the chassis. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Moving steering linkage fouling a fixed part of the chassis. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fluid leak or functions affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Fluid leak or functions affected. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fluid leak or functions affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-5-fluid-leak-or-functions-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-1-5-fluid-leak-or-functions-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Fluid leak or functions affected. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fluid leak or functions affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-indicating-looseness.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-1-relative-movement-between-steering-wheel-and-column-indicating-looseness", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of unlinking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of unlinking.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of unlinking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-centre-of-steering-wheel-up-or-down.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-centre-of-steering-wheel-up-or-down", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Component heavily damaged or cracked.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Component slightly damaged. Component heavily damaged or cracked. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Component heavily damaged or cracked.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-5-component-heavily-damaged-or-cracked.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-5-component-heavily-damaged-or-cracked", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Component slightly damaged. Component heavily damaged or cracked. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component heavily damaged or cracked. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Component slightly damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Component slightly damaged. Component heavily damaged or cracked. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Component slightly damaged.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-5-component-slightly-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-5-component-slightly-damaged", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Component slightly damaged. Component heavily damaged or cracked. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component slightly damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** EPS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Power Steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | EPS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "EPS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-6-eps-malfunction-indicator-lamp-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-2-6-eps-malfunction-indicator-lamp-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system", "item_name": "Electronic Power Steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(a) | EPS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "EPS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates any kind of failure of the system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted) (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted) (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted) (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-2-cracked-or-discoloured-glass-or-transparent-panel-if-permitted-outside-cleaning-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-2-cracked-or-discoloured-glass-or-transparent-panel-if-permitted-outside-cleaning-", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted) (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracked or discoloured glass or transparent panel (if permitted) (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements 1 (at least two rear-view devices available).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear-view mirrors or devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements 1 (at least two rear-view devices available). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements 1 (at least two rear-view devices available).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-3-mirror-or-device-missing-or-not-fitted-according-to-the-requirements-1-at-least-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-3-mirror-or-device-missing-or-not-fitted-according-to-the-requirements-1-at-least-", "item_name": "Rear-view mirrors or devices", "item_number": "3.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements 1 (at least two rear-view devices available). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mirror or device missing or not fitted according to the requirements 1 (at least two rear-view devices available). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wipers not operating or missing or not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Wipers not operating or missing or not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wipers not operating or missing or not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-4-wipers-not-operating-or-missing-or-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-3-4-wipers-not-operating-or-missing-or-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Windscreen wipers", "item_number": "3.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Wipers not operating or missing or not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wipers not operating or missing or not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-1-defective-or-missing-light-light-source-multiple-light-light-sources-in-the-case.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-1-defective-or-missing-light-light-source-multiple-light-light-sources-in-the-case", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-1-single-light-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-seriously-affected-visibility.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-1-single-light-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-seriously-affected-visibility", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective or missing light/light source.(multiple light/light sources; in the case of LED, up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Single light/light sources; in the case of LED, seriously affected visibility. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Alignment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-2-aim-of-a-headlamp-not-within-limits-laid-down-in-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-2-aim-of-a-headlamp-not-within-limits-laid-down-in-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Alignment", "item_number": "4.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Aim of a headlamp not within limits laid down in the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-3-maximum-permitted-light-brightness-to-the-front-exceeded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-3-maximum-permitted-light-brightness-to-the-front-exceeded", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time)\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time)", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-3-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1-number-of-headlamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-3-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1-number-of-headlamp", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) Maximum permitted light brightness to the front exceeded. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 (Number of headlamps illuminated at the same time) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-4-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-4-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1 .", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Device not operating.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Levelling devices (where mandatory)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Device not operating. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Device not operating.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-5-device-not-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-1-5-device-not-operating", "item_name": "Levelling devices (where mandatory)", "item_number": "4.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Device not operating. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Device not operating. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fixed components not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Fixed components not securely attached. Loose socket. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Fixed components not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-10-fixed-components-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-10-fixed-components-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Fixed components not securely attached. Loose socket. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fixed components not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loose socket.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Fixed components not securely attached. Loose socket. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Loose socket.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-10-loose-socket.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-10-loose-socket", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Fixed components not securely attached. Loose socket. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose socket. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-fixings-loose-touching-sharp-edges-connectors-likely-to-be-disconnected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-fixings-loose-touching-sharp-edges-connectors-likely-to-be-disconnected", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring insecure or not adequately secured.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Wiring insecure or not adequately secured.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-wiring-insecure-or-not-adequately-secured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-wiring-insecure-or-not-adequately-secured", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-wiring-likely-to-touch-hot-parts-rotating-parts-or-the-ground-connectors-disconn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-11-wiring-likely-to-touch-hot-parts-rotating-parts-or-the-ground-connectors-disconn", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Wiring insecure or not adequately secured. Fixings loose, touching sharp edges, connectors likely to be disconnected. Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring likely to touch hot parts, rotating parts or the ground, connectors disconnected (relevant parts for braking, steering). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-12-a-lamp-retro-reflector-fitted-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-12-a-lamp-retro-reflector-fitted-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(a) | A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-12-emitting-reflecting-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-12-emitting-reflecting-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(a) | A lamp/retro-reflector fitted not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emitting/reflecting red light to the front or white light to the rear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure. Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insecure.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-13-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-13-insecure", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure. Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure. Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-13-not-properly-attached-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-13-not-properly-attached-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure. Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not properly attached; likely to cause a short-circuit fault. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective light source.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-1-defective-light-source.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-1-defective-light-source", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on. | | | X X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-2-rear-position-lamps-and-side-marker-lamps-can-be-switched-off-when-headlamps-are.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-2-rear-position-lamps-and-side-marker-lamps-can-be-switched-off-when-headlamps-are", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on. | | | X X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on. | | | X X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Rear position lamps and side marker lamps can be switched off when headlamps are on. | | | X X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-3-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-3-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear-heavily-reduced-light-brightne.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-2-3-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear-heavily-reduced-light-brightne", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** All light sources not functioning.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "All light sources not functioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-all-light-sources-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-all-light-sources-not-functioning", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "All light sources not functioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source(multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. All light sources not functioning. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Delayed operation.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Delayed operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-delayed-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-delayed-operation", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Delayed operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No operation at all.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "No operation at all.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-no-operation-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-no-operation-at-all", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No operation at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-3-2-switch-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . Delayed operation. No operation at all. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-4-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-4-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-4-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-4-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source-in-the-case-of-led-up-to-1-3-not-fu", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-1-single-light-sources-in-the-case-of-led-less-than-2-3-functioning", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source. (multiple light source in the case of LED up to 1/3 not functioning). Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Single light sources; in the case of LED less than 2/3 functioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-4-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-5-4-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1 .", "item_number": "4.5.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective light source. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective light source.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-6-1-defective-light-source.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-6-1-defective-light-source", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective light source. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-6-2-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-6-2-lamp-emitted-colour-position-brightness-or-marking-not-in-accordance-with-the-re", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.6.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp, emitted colour, position, brightness or marking not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp throwing direct or white light to the rear.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Lamp throwing direct or white light to the rear. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp throwing direct or white light to the rear.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-7-1-lamp-throwing-direct-or-white-light-to-the-rear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-7-1-lamp-throwing-direct-or-white-light-to-the-rear", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Lamp throwing direct or white light to the rear. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp throwing direct or white light to the rear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Reflecting affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. Reflecting affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Reflecting affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-8-1-reflecting-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-8-1-reflecting-affected", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. Reflecting affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflecting affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Reflecting equipment defective or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. Reflecting affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reflecting equipment defective or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-8-1-reflecting-equipment-defective-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-4-8-1-reflecting-equipment-defective-or-damaged", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. Reflecting affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflecting equipment defective or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Axle fractured or deformed.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Axle fractured or deformed. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Axle fractured or deformed.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-1-axle-fractured-or-deformed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-1-axle-fractured-or-deformed", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Axle fractured or deformed. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Axle fractured or deformed. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stub axle fractured.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Stub axle fractured. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stub axle fractured.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-2-stub-axle-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-2-stub-axle-fractured", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Stub axle fractured. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stub axle fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive play in a wheel bearing. Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-3-directional-stability-impaired-danger-of-demolishment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-3-directional-stability-impaired-danger-of-demolishment", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive play in a wheel bearing. Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive play in a wheel bearing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive play in a wheel bearing. Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive play in a wheel bearing.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-3-excessive-play-in-a-wheel-bearing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-1-3-excessive-play-in-a-wheel-bearing", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive play in a wheel bearing. Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive play in a wheel bearing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel hub\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-1-any-wheel-nuts-or-studs-missing-or-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-1-any-wheel-nuts-or-studs-missing-or-loose", "item_name": "Road wheel hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel hub\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-1-missing-fixing-or-loose-to-an-extent-which-very-seriously-affects-road-safety.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-1-missing-fixing-or-loose-to-an-extent-which-very-seriously-affects-road-safety", "item_name": "Road wheel hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose. Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any fracture or welding defect.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Any fracture or welding defect. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Any fracture or welding defect.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-2-any-fracture-or-welding-defect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-2-any-fracture-or-welding-defect", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Any fracture or welding defect. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any fracture or welding defect. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-3-insufficient-load-capacity-or-speed-category-for-actual-use-tyre-touches-other-f.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-3-insufficient-load-capacity-or-speed-category-for-actual-use-tyre-touches-other-f", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-3-tyre-size-load-capacity-approval-mark-or-speed-category-not-in-accordance-with-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-2-3-tyre-size-load-capacity-approval-mark-or-speed-category-not-in-accordance-with-t", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-1-insecure-attachment-of-springs-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-1-insecure-attachment-of-springs-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-1-relative-movement-visible-fixings-very-seriously-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-1-relative-movement-visible-fixings-very-seriously-loose", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle. Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Significant difference between left and right.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** efficiency testing of damping (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Significant difference between left and right. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Significant difference between left and right.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-1-significant-difference-between-left-and-right.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-1-significant-difference-between-left-and-right", "item_name": "efficiency testing of damping (X) 2", "item_number": "5.3.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Significant difference between left and right. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Significant difference between left and right. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. Shock absorber loose. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-insecure-attachment-of-shock-absorbers-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-insecure-attachment-of-shock-absorbers-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. Shock absorber loose. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Shock absorber loose.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. Shock absorber loose. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Shock absorber loose.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-shock-absorber-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-2-shock-absorber-loose", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle. Shock absorber loose. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Shock absorber loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-3-insecure-attachment-of-component-to-chassis-or-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-3-insecure-attachment-of-component-to-chassis-or-axle", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-3-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-3-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-4-excessive-wear-in-swivel-pin-and-or-bushes-or-at-suspension-joints.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-4-excessive-wear-in-swivel-pin-and-or-bushes-or-at-suspension-joints", "item_name": "Suspension joints", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-4-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-4-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Suspension joints", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System inoperable.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air suspension\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | System inoperable. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "System inoperable.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-5-system-inoperable.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-5-3-5-system-inoperable", "item_name": "Air suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(a) | System inoperable. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System inoperable. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-1-serious-fracture-or-deformation-of-any-side-or-cross-member.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-1-serious-fracture-or-deformation-of-any-side-or-cross-member", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-1-slight-fracture-or-deformation-of-any-side-or-cross-member.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-1-slight-fracture-or-deformation-of-any-side-or-cross-member", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. Serious fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Slight fracture or deformation of any side or cross-member. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure or leaking exhaust system\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust pipes and silencers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure or leaking exhaust system | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure or leaking exhaust system", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-2-insecure-or-leaking-exhaust-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-2-insecure-or-leaking-exhaust-system", "item_name": "Exhaust pipes and silencers", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure or leaking exhaust system | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure or leaking exhaust system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure tank or pipes, creating particular risk of fire.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure tank or pipes, creating particular risk of fire. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insecure tank or pipes, creating particular risk of fire.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-3-insecure-tank-or-pipes-creating-particular-risk-of-fire.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-3-insecure-tank-or-pipes-creating-particular-risk-of-fire", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure tank or pipes, creating particular risk of fire. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure tank or pipes, creating particular risk of fire. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-4-looseness-or-damage-likely-to-cause-injury-when-grazed-or-contacted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-4-looseness-or-damage-likely-to-cause-injury-when-grazed-or-contacted", "item_name": "Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices", "item_number": "6.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-4-parts-likely-to-fall-off-functionality-heavily-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-4-parts-likely-to-fall-off-functionality-heavily-affected", "item_name": "Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices", "item_number": "6.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Looseness or damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted. Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parts likely to fall off; functionality heavily affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Carrier not in proper condition\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Carrier not in proper condition | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Carrier not in proper condition", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-5-carrier-not-in-proper-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-5-carrier-not-in-proper-condition", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Carrier not in proper condition | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Carrier not in proper condition \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use)\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use). Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use) | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use)", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-6-component-damaged-defective-or-cracked-if-in-use.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-6-component-damaged-defective-or-cracked-if-in-use", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use). Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use) | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use). Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use) | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-6-component-damaged-defective-or-cracked-if-not-in-use.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-6-component-damaged-defective-or-cracked-if-not-in-use", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use). Component damaged, defective or cracked (if in use) | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component damaged, defective or cracked (if not in use). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Loose or missing securing bolts Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-7-loose-or-missing-securing-bolts-to-such-an-extent-that-road-safety-is-seriously-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-7-loose-or-missing-securing-bolts-to-such-an-extent-that-road-safety-is-seriously-", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Loose or missing securing bolts Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loose or missing securing bolts\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Loose or missing securing bolts Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Loose or missing securing bolts", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-7-loose-or-missing-securing-bolts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-7-loose-or-missing-securing-bolts", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Loose or missing securing bolts Loose or missing securing bolts to such an extent that road safety is seriously endangered. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose or missing securing bolts \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Control unit modified affecting safety and/or the environment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Engine performance (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Control unit modified affecting safety and/or the environment. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control unit modified affecting safety and/or the environment.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-9-control-unit-modified-affecting-safety-and-or-the-environment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-1-9-control-unit-modified-affecting-safety-and-or-the-environment", "item_name": "Engine performance (X) 2", "item_number": "6.1.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Control unit modified affecting safety and/or the environment. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control unit modified affecting safety and/or the environment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. Likely to fall off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-1-a-loose-or-damaged-panel-or-part-likely-to-cause-injury.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-1-a-loose-or-damaged-panel-or-part-likely-to-cause-injury", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. Likely to fall off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to fall off.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. Likely to fall off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likely to fall off.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-1-likely-to-fall-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-1-likely-to-fall-off", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | A loose or damaged panel or part likely to cause injury. Likely to fall off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to fall off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-10-likely-to-cause-injuries-likely-to-fall-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-10-likely-to-cause-injuries-likely-to-fall-off", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing, loose or badly corroded.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Missing, loose or badly corroded.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-10-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-10-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. Likely to cause injuries; likely to fall off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing, loose or badly corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing, loose or badly corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stand\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing, loose or badly corroded.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-11-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-11-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded", "item_name": "Stand", "item_number": "6.2.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing, loose or badly corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing, loose or badly corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Handgrips and footrests\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing, loose or badly corroded.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-12-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-12-missing-loose-or-badly-corroded", "item_name": "Handgrips and footrests", "item_number": "6.2.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing, loose or badly corroded. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing, loose or badly corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Body or cab insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Body or cab insecure. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Body or cab insecure.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-2-body-or-cab-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-2-body-or-cab-insecure", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Body or cab insecure. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body or cab insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Body or cab insecure. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-2-stability-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-2-stability-affected", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Body or cab insecure. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A door will not open or close properly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | A door will not open or close properly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A door will not open or close properly.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-3-a-door-will-not-open-or-close-properly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-3-a-door-will-not-open-or-close-properly", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(a) | A door will not open or close properly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door will not open or close properly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loose seat.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Seat with defective structure. Loose seat. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Loose seat.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-5-loose-seat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-5-loose-seat", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Seat with defective structure. Loose seat. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose seat. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Seat with defective structure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Seat with defective structure. Loose seat. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seat with defective structure.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-5-seat-with-defective-structure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-5-seat-with-defective-structure", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Seat with defective structure. Loose seat. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat with defective structure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other seats\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts). Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-6-seats-in-defective-condition-or-insecure-main-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-6-seats-in-defective-condition-or-insecure-main-parts", "item_name": "Other seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts). Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other seats\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts). Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-6-seats-in-defective-condition-or-insecure-secondary-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-6-seats-in-defective-condition-or-insecure-secondary-parts", "item_name": "Other seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts). Seats in defective condition or insecure (main parts). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seats in defective condition or insecure (secondary parts). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient stability.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Step or step rung insecure. Insufficient stability. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient stability.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-8-insufficient-stability.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-8-insufficient-stability", "item_name": "Cab steps", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Step or step rung insecure. Insufficient stability. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient stability. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Step or step rung insecure.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Step or step rung insecure. Insufficient stability. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Step or step rung insecure.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-8-step-or-step-rung-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-8-step-or-step-rung-insecure", "item_name": "Cab steps", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Step or step rung insecure. Insufficient stability. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Step or step rung insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-9-attachment-of-other-fitting-or-equipment-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-6-2-9-attachment-of-other-fitting-or-equipment-defective", "item_name": "Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment", "item_number": "6.2.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment of other fitting or equipment defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Anchorage point badly deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Anchorage point badly deteriorated. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Anchorage point badly deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-1-anchorage-point-badly-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-1-anchorage-point-badly-deteriorated", "item_name": "Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Anchorage point badly deteriorated. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Anchorage point badly deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Anchorage point badly deteriorated. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-1-stability-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-1-stability-affected", "item_name": "Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Anchorage point badly deteriorated. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-2-mandatory-safety-belt-missing-or-not-fitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-2-mandatory-safety-belt-missing-or-not-fitted", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mandatory safety-belt missing or not fitted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Safety belt load limiter\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-3-load-limiter-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-3-load-limiter-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Safety belt load limiter", "item_number": "7.1.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Load limiter obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Safety belt Pre-tensioners\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-4-pre-tensioner-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-4-pre-tensioner-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Safety belt Pre-tensioners", "item_number": "7.1.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pre-tensioner obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Airbag\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-5-airbags-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-5-airbags-obviously-missing-or-not-suitable-with-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Airbag", "item_number": "7.1.5", "source_quote": "(a) | Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Airbags obviously missing or not suitable with the vehicle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** SRS Systems\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-6-srs-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-1-6-srs-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system", "item_name": "SRS Systems", "item_number": "7.1.6", "source_quote": "(a) | SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "SRS MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-10-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-10-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obviously manipulated (fraud) to reduce or misrepresent the vehicle\u2019s distance record.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Odometer if available (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Obviously manipulated (fraud) to reduce or misrepresent the vehicle\u2019s distance record. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Obviously manipulated (fraud) to reduce or misrepresent the vehicle\u2019s distance record.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-11-obviously-manipulated-fraud-to-reduce-or-misrepresent-the-vehicle-s-distance-rec.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-11-obviously-manipulated-fraud-to-reduce-or-misrepresent-the-vehicle-s-distance-rec", "item_name": "Odometer if available (X) 2", "item_number": "7.11", "source_quote": "(a) | Obviously manipulated (fraud) to reduce or misrepresent the vehicle\u2019s distance record. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obviously manipulated (fraud) to reduce or misrepresent the vehicle\u2019s distance record. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-12-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-12-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(a) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fire extinguisher (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-2-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-2-missing", "item_name": "Fire extinguisher (X) 2", "item_number": "7.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Locks and anti-theft device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-3-device-not-functioning-to-prevent-vehicle-being-driven.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-3-device-not-functioning-to-prevent-vehicle-being-driven", "item_name": "Locks and anti-theft device", "item_number": "7.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Device not functioning to prevent vehicle being driven. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or incomplete.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Warning triangle (if required) (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing or incomplete. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Missing or incomplete.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-4-missing-or-incomplete.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-4-missing-or-incomplete", "item_name": "Warning triangle (if required) (X) 2", "item_number": "7.4", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing or incomplete. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or incomplete. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not working at all.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not working properly. Not working at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not working at all.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-7-not-working-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-7-not-working-at-all", "item_name": "Audible warning device", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Not working properly. Not working at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not working at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not working properly.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not working properly. Not working at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not working properly.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-7-not-working-properly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-7-not-working-properly", "item_name": "Audible warning device", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Not working properly. Not working at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not working properly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing (if required).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . Missing (if required). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing (if required).", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-8-missing-if-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-8-missing-if-required", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . Missing (if required). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing (if required). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . Missing (if required). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-8-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-8-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . Missing (if required). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-9-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-7-9-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not fitted in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-1-1-noise-levels-in-excess-of-those-permitted-in-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-1-1-noise-levels-in-excess-of-those-permitted-in-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Noise levels in excess of those permitted in the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emissions control equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-1-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-absent-modified-or-obvious.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-1-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-absent-modified-or-obvious", "item_name": "Exhaust emissions control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent, modified or obviously defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Either gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer;\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Either gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer; | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Either gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer;", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-1-2-either-gaseous-emissions-exceed-the-specific-levels-given-by-the-manufacturer.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-1-2-either-gaseous-emissions-exceed-the-specific-levels-given-by-the-manufacturer", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Either gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer; | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Either gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer; \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-2-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-absent-or-obviously-defect.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-8-2-2-1-emission-control-equipment-fitted-by-the-manufacturer-absent-or-obviously-defect", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.2.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective operation.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-1-1-defective-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-1-1-defective-operation", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective operation.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-1-2-defective-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-1-2-defective-operation", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective operation.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-1-defective-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-1-defective-operation", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safe operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safe operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-1-safe-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-1-safe-operation-affected", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safe operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective operation.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-2-defective-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-2-defective-operation", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safe operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safe operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-2-safe-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-11-2-safe-operation-affected", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safe operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Installation not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.12.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Installations for food preparation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Installation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Installation not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-12-1-installation-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-12-1-installation-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Installations for food preparation", "item_number": "9.12.1", "source_quote": "(a) | Installation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Installation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting safe operation of the vehicle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not operating correctly. Affecting safe operation of the vehicle. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Affecting safe operation of the vehicle.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-2-affecting-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-2-affecting-safe-operation-of-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Not operating correctly. Affecting safe operation of the vehicle. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting safe operation of the vehicle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not operating correctly.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Not operating correctly. Affecting safe operation of the vehicle. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not operating correctly.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-2-not-operating-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-2-not-operating-correctly", "item_name": "Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Not operating correctly. Affecting safe operation of the vehicle. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not operating correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective operation.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Ventilation & heating system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Risk to health of persons on board. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective operation.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-3-defective-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-3-defective-operation", "item_name": "Ventilation & heating system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Risk to health of persons on board. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Risk to health of persons on board.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Ventilation & heating system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective operation. Risk to health of persons on board. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Risk to health of persons on board.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-3-risk-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-3-risk-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Ventilation & heating system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.3", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective operation. Risk to health of persons on board. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Risk to health of persons on board. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield. Field of vision impaired. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-4-2-defective-special-devices-such-as-anti-glare-shield.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-4-2-defective-special-devices-such-as-anti-glare-shield", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)", "item_number": "9.4.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield. Field of vision impaired. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Field of vision impaired.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield. Field of vision impaired. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Field of vision impaired.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-4-2-field-of-vision-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-4-2-field-of-vision-impaired", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)", "item_number": "9.4.2", "source_quote": "(a) | Defective special devices such as anti-glare shield. Field of vision impaired. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Field of vision impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure floor.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure floor. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure floor.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-6-insecure-floor.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-6-insecure-floor", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure floor. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure floor. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Insecure floor. Stability affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-6-stability-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-6-stability-affected", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(a) | Insecure floor. Stability affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged condition.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Damaged condition.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-damaged-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-damaged-condition", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated condition.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Deteriorated condition.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-deteriorated-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-deteriorated-condition", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability affected.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-stability-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-7-stability-affected", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(a) | Deteriorated condition. Damaged condition. Stability affected. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing, erroneous or illegible notice.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Notices (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (a) | Missing, erroneous or illegible notice. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Missing, erroneous or illegible notice.", "defect_reference": "(a)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-9-missing-erroneous-or-illegible-notice.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-a-9-9-missing-erroneous-or-illegible-notice", "item_name": "Notices (X) 2", "item_number": "9.9", "source_quote": "(a) | Missing, erroneous or illegible notice. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing, erroneous or illegible notice. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inscription missing or illegible\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Inscription missing or illegible | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Inscription missing or illegible", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-0-1-inscription-missing-or-illegible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-0-1-inscription-missing-or-illegible", "item_name": "Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )", "item_number": "0.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Inscription missing or illegible | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inscription missing or illegible \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Incomplete, illegible, obviously falsified, or does not match the vehicle documents.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Incomplete, illegible, obviously falsified, or does not match the vehicle documents. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Incomplete, illegible, obviously falsified, or does not match the vehicle documents.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-0-2-incomplete-illegible-obviously-falsified-or-does-not-match-the-vehicle-documents.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-0-2-incomplete-illegible-obviously-falsified-or-does-not-match-the-vehicle-documents", "item_name": "Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number", "item_number": "0.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Incomplete, illegible, obviously falsified, or does not match the vehicle documents. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incomplete, illegible, obviously falsified, or does not match the vehicle documents. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear or play.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal/hand lever pivot\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear or play. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear or play.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-1-excessive-wear-or-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-1-excessive-wear-or-play", "item_name": "Service brake pedal/hand lever pivot", "item_number": "1.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear or play. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear or play. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder defective but brake still operating.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating. Master cylinder defective or leaking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-but-brake-still-operating", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating. Master cylinder defective or leaking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder defective but brake still operating. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder defective or leaking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating. Master cylinder defective or leaking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Master cylinder defective or leaking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-or-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-10-master-cylinder-defective-or-leaking", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Master cylinder defective but brake still operating. Master cylinder defective or leaking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder defective or leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems). Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-11-pipes-or-connection-leaking-hydraulic-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-11-pipes-or-connection-leaking-hydraulic-brake-systems", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems). Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems). Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-11-pipes-or-connections-leaking-air-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-11-pipes-or-connections-leaking-air-brake-systems", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems). Pipes or connection leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pipes or connections leaking (air brake systems). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short. Hoses damaged or chafing. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-12-hoses-damaged-chafing-twisted-or-too-short.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-12-hoses-damaged-chafing-twisted-or-too-short", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short. Hoses damaged or chafing. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses damaged or chafing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short. Hoses damaged or chafing. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hoses damaged or chafing.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-12-hoses-damaged-or-chafing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-12-hoses-damaged-or-chafing", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short. Hoses damaged or chafing. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses damaged or chafing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-13-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-13-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-contaminated-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-contaminated-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-14-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-14-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(b) | Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-contaminated-oil-grease-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-contaminated-oil-grease-etc", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(b) | Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.). Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Component excessively worn or corroded. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-15-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-15-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(b) | Component excessively worn or corroded. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Component excessively worn or corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Component excessively worn or corroded. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Component excessively worn or corroded.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-15-component-excessively-worn-or-corroded", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(b) | Component excessively worn or corroded. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Component excessively worn or corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator leaking.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Actuator leaking. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator leaking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-16-actuator-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-16-actuator-leaking", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b) | Actuator leaking. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Actuator leaking. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(b) | Actuator leaking. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Linkage incorrectly adjusted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Linkage incorrectly adjusted. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Linkage incorrectly adjusted.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-17-linkage-incorrectly-adjusted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-17-linkage-incorrectly-adjusted", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(b) | Linkage incorrectly adjusted. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Linkage incorrectly adjusted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Adjuster defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Slack adjusters and indicators\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Adjuster defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Adjuster defective.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-18-adjuster-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-18-adjuster-defective", "item_name": "Slack adjusters and indicators", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(b) | Adjuster defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjuster defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System obviously defective or missing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System obviously defective or missing. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System obviously defective or missing.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-19-system-obviously-defective-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-19-system-obviously-defective-or-missing", "item_name": "Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.19", "source_quote": "(b) | System obviously defective or missing. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System obviously defective or missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Brake control not releasing correctly.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Brake control not releasing correctly. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake control not releasing correctly.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-2-brake-control-not-releasing-correctly", "item_name": "Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Brake control not releasing correctly. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake control not releasing correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Brake control not releasing correctly. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-2-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-2-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Brake control not releasing correctly. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leakage of air or anti-freeze.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leakage of air or anti-freeze. System functionality affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Leakage of air or anti-freeze.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-21-leakage-of-air-or-anti-freeze.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-21-leakage-of-air-or-anti-freeze", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(b) | Leakage of air or anti-freeze. System functionality affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leakage of air or anti-freeze. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System functionality affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leakage of air or anti-freeze. System functionality affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System functionality affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-21-system-functionality-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-21-system-functionality-affected", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(b) | Leakage of air or anti-freeze. System functionality affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System functionality affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.22\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Test connections (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Damaged. Unusable or leaking. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Damaged.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-22-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-22-damaged", "item_name": "Test connections (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.22", "source_quote": "(b) | Damaged. Unusable or leaking. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unusable or leaking.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.22\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Test connections (where fitted or required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Damaged. Unusable or leaking. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unusable or leaking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-22-unusable-or-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-22-unusable-or-leaking", "item_name": "Test connections (where fitted or required)", "item_number": "1.1.22", "source_quote": "(b) | Damaged. Unusable or leaking. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unusable or leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value is too long according to the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value is too long according to the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value is too long according to the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-3-time-taken-to-build-up-air-pressure-vacuum-to-safe-working-value-is-too-long-acc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-3-time-taken-to-build-up-air-pressure-vacuum-to-safe-working-value-is-too-long-acc", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value is too long according to the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value is too long according to the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Control insecure on valve or valve insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand-operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Control insecure on valve or valve insecure. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Control insecure on valve or valve insecure.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-5-control-insecure-on-valve-or-valve-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-5-control-insecure-on-valve-or-valve-insecure", "item_name": "Hand-operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Control insecure on valve or valve insecure. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control insecure on valve or valve insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. Excessive wear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-6-excessive-wear.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-6-excessive-wear", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. Excessive wear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. Excessive wear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-6-wear-at-lever-pivot-or-in-ratchet-mechanism.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-6-wear-at-lever-pivot-or-in-ratchet-mechanism", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. Excessive wear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive oil discharge from compressor.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive oil discharge from compressor. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Excessive oil discharge from compressor.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-7-excessive-oil-discharge-from-compressor.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-7-excessive-oil-discharge-from-compressor", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive oil discharge from compressor. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive oil discharge from compressor. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(b) | Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-8-tap-or-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-8-tap-or-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(b) | Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. If its functionality is affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drain device inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Energy storage reservoir pressure tank\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Drain device operation affected. Drain device inoperative. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Drain device inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-9-drain-device-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-9-drain-device-inoperative", "item_name": "Energy storage reservoir pressure tank", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Drain device operation affected. Drain device inoperative. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drain device inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drain device operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Energy storage reservoir pressure tank\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Drain device operation affected. Drain device inoperative. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Drain device operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-9-drain-device-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-1-9-drain-device-operation-affected", "item_name": "Energy storage reservoir pressure tank", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Drain device operation affected. Drain device inoperative. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drain device operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-2-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-50-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-2-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-50-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-2-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-70-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-2-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-70-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-3-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-50-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-3-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-50-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-3-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-70-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-3-1-braking-effort-from-any-wheel-is-less-than-70-of-the-maximum-effort-recorded-fro", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. Braking effort from any wheel is less than 50 % of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle in the case of steered axles. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of the maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified. Or, in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System not functioning.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Endurance braking system performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System not functioning. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System not functioning.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-5-system-not-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-5-system-not-functioning", "item_name": "Endurance braking system performance", "item_number": "1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | System not functioning. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System not functioning. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device shows system malfunction.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Warning device shows system malfunction. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device shows system malfunction.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-6-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-6-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Warning device shows system malfunction. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device shows system malfunction. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Warning device shows system malfunction.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic brake system (EBS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Warning device shows system malfunction. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Warning device shows system malfunction.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-7-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-1-7-warning-device-shows-system-malfunction", "item_name": "Electronic brake system (EBS)", "item_number": "1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Warning device shows system malfunction. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Warning device shows system malfunction. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting functionality.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting functionality.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-1-affecting-functionality.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-1-affecting-functionality", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting functionality. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Sector shaft twisted or splines worn.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Sector shaft twisted or splines worn.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-1-sector-shaft-twisted-or-splines-worn", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Sector shaft twisted or splines worn. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachments seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Elongated fixing holes in chassis. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Attachments seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-2-attachments-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-2-attachments-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Elongated fixing holes in chassis. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachments seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Elongated fixing holes in chassis.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Elongated fixing holes in chassis. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Elongated fixing holes in chassis.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-2-elongated-fixing-holes-in-chassis.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-2-elongated-fixing-holes-in-chassis", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Elongated fixing holes in chassis. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Elongated fixing holes in chassis. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A very serious risk of unlinking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear at joints. A very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A very serious risk of unlinking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-3-a-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-3-a-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear at joints. A very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A very serious risk of unlinking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear at joints.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear at joints. A very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear at joints.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-3-excessive-wear-at-joints.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-3-excessive-wear-at-joints", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear at joints. A very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear at joints. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering stops not operating or missing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Steering stops not operating or missing. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering stops not operating or missing.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-4-steering-stops-not-operating-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-4-steering-stops-not-operating-or-missing", "item_name": "Steering linkage operation", "item_number": "2.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Steering stops not operating or missing. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering stops not operating or missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark). Insufficient reservoir. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-5-insufficient-fluid-below-min-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-5-insufficient-fluid-below-min-mark", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark). Insufficient reservoir. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient reservoir.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark). Insufficient reservoir. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient reservoir.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-5-insufficient-reservoir.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-1-5-insufficient-reservoir", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Insufficient fluid (below MIN mark). Insufficient reservoir. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient reservoir. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-1-absence-of-retaining-device-on-steering-wheel-hub.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-1-absence-of-retaining-device-on-steering-wheel-hub", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of unlinking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of unlinking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Absence of retaining device on steering wheel hub. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of unlinking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-top-of-column-radially-from-axis-of-column.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-2-2-excessive-movement-of-top-of-column-radially-from-axis-of-column", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement of top of column radially from axis of column. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive play.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive play. Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive play.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-5-excessive-play.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-5-excessive-play", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive play. Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive play. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive play. Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-5-straight-on-driving-affected-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-5-straight-on-driving-affected-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive play. Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Straight on driving affected; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Power Steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-6-inconsistency-between-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-6-inconsistency-between-the-angle-of-the-steering-wheel-and-the-angle-of-the-wheel", "item_name": "Electronic Power Steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Power Steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-6-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-2-6-steering-affected", "item_name": "Electronic Power Steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Inconsistency between the angle of the steering wheel and the angle of the wheels. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements 1 , (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements 1 , (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements 1 , (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-2-glass-or-transparent-panel-including-reflecting-or-tinted-film-that-does-not-com.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-2-glass-or-transparent-panel-including-reflecting-or-tinted-film-that-does-not-com", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements 1 , (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Glass or transparent panel (including reflecting or tinted film) that does not comply with specifications in the requirements 1 , (outside cleaning area of windscreen wipers). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Mirror or device slightly damaged or loose.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear-view mirrors or devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Mirror or device slightly damaged or loose. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Mirror or device slightly damaged or loose.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-3-mirror-or-device-slightly-damaged-or-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-3-mirror-or-device-slightly-damaged-or-loose", "item_name": "Rear-view mirrors or devices", "item_number": "3.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Mirror or device slightly damaged or loose. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mirror or device slightly damaged or loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiper blade defective.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wiper blade defective. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Wiper blade defective.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-4-wiper-blade-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-3-4-wiper-blade-defective", "item_name": "Windscreen wipers", "item_number": "3.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Wiper blade defective. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiper blade defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens). Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-1-heavily-defective-or-missing-projection-system-reflector-and-lens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-1-heavily-defective-or-missing-projection-system-reflector-and-lens", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens). Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens). Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-1-slightly-defective-projection-system-reflector-and-lens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-1-slightly-defective-projection-system-reflector-and-lens", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens). Heavily defective or missing projection system (reflector and lens). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Slightly defective projection system (reflector and lens). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Alignment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-2-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-2-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Alignment", "item_number": "4.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Function of control device impaired.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Function of control device impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-3-function-of-control-device-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-3-function-of-control-device-impaired", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Function of control device impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light brightness or change emitted colour.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light brightness or change emitted colour. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light brightness or change emitted colour.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-4-products-on-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduce-light-brightness-or-chan.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-4-products-on-lens-or-light-source-which-obviously-reduce-light-brightness-or-chan", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1 .", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light brightness or change emitted colour. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Products on lens or light source which obviously reduce light brightness or change emitted colour. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Manual device cannot be operated from driver\u2019s seat.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Levelling devices (where mandatory)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Manual device cannot be operated from driver\u2019s seat. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Manual device cannot be operated from driver\u2019s seat.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-5-manual-device-cannot-be-operated-from-driver-s-seat.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-1-5-manual-device-cannot-be-operated-from-driver-s-seat", "item_name": "Levelling devices (where mandatory)", "item_number": "4.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Manual device cannot be operated from driver\u2019s seat. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Manual device cannot be operated from driver\u2019s seat. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged or deteriorated insulation.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Damaged or deteriorated insulation.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-10-damaged-or-deteriorated-insulation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-10-damaged-or-deteriorated-insulation", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged or deteriorated insulation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to cause a short-circuit fault.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to cause a short-circuit fault.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-10-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-10-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-extremely-deteriorated-relevant-parts-for-braking-steering.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-extremely-deteriorated-relevant-parts-for-braking-steering", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring heavily deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wiring heavily deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-heavily-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-heavily-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring heavily deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wiring slightly deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Wiring slightly deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-slightly-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-11-wiring-slightly-deteriorated", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Wiring slightly deteriorated. Wiring heavily deteriorated. Wiring extremely deteriorated (relevant parts for braking, steering). | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wiring slightly deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-12-lamp-operation-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-12-lamp-operation-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-12-number-of-headlights-simultaneously-operating-exceeding-permitted-light-brightne.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-12-number-of-headlights-simultaneously-operating-exceeding-permitted-light-brightne", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Lamp operation not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Number of headlights simultaneously operating exceeding permitted light brightness; Emitting red light to the front or white light to the rear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaking. Loss of hazardous substances. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Leaking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-13-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-13-leaking", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaking. Loss of hazardous substances. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loss of hazardous substances.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaking. Loss of hazardous substances. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Loss of hazardous substances.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-13-loss-of-hazardous-substances.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-13-loss-of-hazardous-substances", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaking. Loss of hazardous substances. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loss of hazardous substances. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective lens.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective lens. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective lens.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-1-defective-lens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-1-defective-lens", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective lens. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective lens. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Function of control device impaired.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Function of control device impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-2-function-of-control-device-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-2-function-of-control-device-impaired", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Function of control device impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour. Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-3-products-on-lens-or-light-source-which-reduce-light-brightness-or-change-emitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-3-products-on-lens-or-light-source-which-reduce-light-brightness-or-change-emitted", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour. Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour. Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-3-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear-heavily-reduced-light-brightne.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-2-3-red-light-to-the-front-or-white-light-to-the-rear-heavily-reduced-light-brightne", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Products on lens or light source which reduce light, brightness or change emitted colour. Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Red light to the front or white light to the rear; heavily reduced light brightness. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Function of control device impaired.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Function of control device impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-2-function-of-control-device-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-3-2-function-of-control-device-impaired", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Function of control device impaired. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Function of control device impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-4-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-4-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-4-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-4-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-1-heavily-defective-lens-emitted-light-affected", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-1-slightly-defective-lens-no-influence-on-emitted-light", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). Heavily defective lens (emitted light affected). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Slightly defective lens (no influence on emitted light). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-4-system-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-5-4-system-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1 .", "item_number": "4.5.4", "source_quote": "(b) | System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective lens.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective lens. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective lens.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-6-1-defective-lens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-6-1-defective-lens", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective lens. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective lens. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-6-2-system-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-6-2-system-does-not-operate-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1", "item_number": "4.6.2", "source_quote": "(b) | System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System does not operate in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source. (Multiple light source).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective light source. (Multiple light source). Defective light source. (Single light source). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective light source. (Multiple light source).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-7-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-7-1-defective-light-source-multiple-light-source", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective light source. (Multiple light source). Defective light source. (Single light source). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source. (Multiple light source). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective light source. (Single light source).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective light source. (Multiple light source). Defective light source. (Single light source). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective light source. (Single light source).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-7-1-defective-light-source-single-light-source.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-7-1-defective-light-source-single-light-source", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective light source. (Multiple light source). Defective light source. (Single light source). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective light source. (Single light source). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to fall off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Reflector not securely attached. Likely to fall off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to fall off.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-8-1-likely-to-fall-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-8-1-likely-to-fall-off", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Reflector not securely attached. Likely to fall off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to fall off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Reflector not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Reflector not securely attached. Likely to fall off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Reflector not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-8-1-reflector-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-4-8-1-reflector-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "4.8.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Reflector not securely attached. Likely to fall off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Reflector not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure fixing to vehicle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecure fixing to vehicle. Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure fixing to vehicle.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-1-insecure-fixing-to-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-1-insecure-fixing-to-vehicle", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecure fixing to vehicle. Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure fixing to vehicle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecure fixing to vehicle. Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-1-stability-impaired-functionality-affected-extensive-movement-relative-to-its-fix.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-1-stability-impaired-functionality-affected-extensive-movement-relative-to-its-fix", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecure fixing to vehicle. Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-2-excessive-wear-in-the-swivel-pin-and-or-bushes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-2-excessive-wear-in-the-swivel-pin-and-or-bushes", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wheel bearing too tight, jammed. Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-3-danger-of-overheating-danger-of-demolishment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-3-danger-of-overheating-danger-of-demolishment", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Wheel bearing too tight, jammed. Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel bearing too tight, jammed.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wheel bearing too tight, jammed. Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel bearing too tight, jammed.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-3-wheel-bearing-too-tight-jammed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-1-3-wheel-bearing-too-tight-jammed", "item_name": "Wheel bearings", "item_number": "5.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Wheel bearing too tight, jammed. Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel bearing too tight, jammed. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel hub\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Hub worn or damaged. Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-1-hub-worn-or-damaged-in-such-a-way-that-secure-fixing-of-wheels-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-1-hub-worn-or-damaged-in-such-a-way-that-secure-fixing-of-wheels-is-affected", "item_name": "Road wheel hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Hub worn or damaged. Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hub worn or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Road wheel hub\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Hub worn or damaged. Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hub worn or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-1-hub-worn-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-1-hub-worn-or-damaged", "item_name": "Road wheel hub", "item_number": "5.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Hub worn or damaged. Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hub worn or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to come off.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. Likely to come off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likely to come off.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-2-likely-to-come-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-2-likely-to-come-off", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. Likely to come off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to come off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. Likely to come off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-2-tyre-retaining-rings-not-properly-fitted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-2-tyre-retaining-rings-not-properly-fitted", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. Likely to come off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-3-tyres-on-same-axle-or-on-twin-wheels-of-different-sizes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-2-3-tyres-on-same-axle-or-on-twin-wheels-of-different-sizes", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A damaged or fractured spring component.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A damaged or fractured spring component. Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A damaged or fractured spring component.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-1-a-damaged-or-fractured-spring-component.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-1-a-damaged-or-fractured-spring-component", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | A damaged or fractured spring component. Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A damaged or fractured spring component. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A damaged or fractured spring component. Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-1-main-spring-leaf-or-additional-leafs-very-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-1-main-spring-leaf-or-additional-leafs-very-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(b) | A damaged or fractured spring component. Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Given minimum values not reached.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** efficiency testing of damping (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Given minimum values not reached. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Given minimum values not reached.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-2-1-given-minimum-values-not-reached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-2-1-given-minimum-values-not-reached", "item_name": "efficiency testing of damping (X) 2", "item_number": "5.3.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Given minimum values not reached. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Given minimum values not reached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-2-damaged-shock-absorber-showing-signs-of-severe-leakage-or-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-2-damaged-shock-absorber-showing-signs-of-severe-leakage-or-malfunction", "item_name": "Shock absorbers", "item_number": "5.3.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A damaged or excessively corroded component.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A damaged or excessively corroded component. Stability of component affected or component fractured. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A damaged or excessively corroded component.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-3-a-damaged-or-excessively-corroded-component.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-3-a-damaged-or-excessively-corroded-component", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A damaged or excessively corroded component. Stability of component affected or component fractured. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A damaged or excessively corroded component. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability of component affected or component fractured.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A damaged or excessively corroded component. Stability of component affected or component fractured. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability of component affected or component fractured.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-3-stability-of-component-affected-or-component-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-3-stability-of-component-affected-or-component-fractured", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A damaged or excessively corroded component. Stability of component affected or component fractured. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability of component affected or component fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover missing or fractured.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Dust cover missing or fractured.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-4-dust-cover-missing-or-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-4-dust-cover-missing-or-fractured", "item_name": "Suspension joints", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover missing or fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover severely deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension joints\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Dust cover severely deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-4-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-4-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Suspension joints", "item_number": "5.3.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover severely deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air suspension\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system. Functioning of system seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-5-any-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-in-a-way-that-would-adversely-aff.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-5-any-component-damaged-modified-or-deteriorated-in-a-way-that-would-adversely-aff", "item_name": "Air suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system. Functioning of system seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Functioning of system seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air suspension\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system. Functioning of system seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Functioning of system seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-5-functioning-of-system-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-5-3-5-functioning-of-system-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Air suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system. Functioning of system seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Functioning of system seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-1-insecurity-of-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-1-insecurity-of-strengthening-plates-or-fastenings", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-1-majority-of-fastenings-loose-insufficient-strength-of-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-1-majority-of-fastenings-loose-insufficient-strength-of-parts", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecurity of strengthening plates or fastenings. Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Majority of fastenings loose; insufficient strength of parts. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Danger to health of persons on board.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust pipes and silencers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Danger to health of persons on board.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-2-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-2-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Exhaust pipes and silencers", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Danger to health of persons on board. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust pipes and silencers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-2-fumes-entering-cab-or-passengers-compartment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-2-fumes-entering-cab-or-passengers-compartment", "item_name": "Exhaust pipes and silencers", "item_number": "6.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fumes entering cab or passengers compartment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-3-leaking-fuel-or-missing-or-ineffective-filler-cap.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-3-leaking-fuel-or-missing-or-ineffective-filler-cap", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-3-risk-of-fire-excessive-loss-of-hazardous-material.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-3-risk-of-fire-excessive-loss-of-hazardous-material", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaking fuel or missing or ineffective filler cap. Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Risk of fire; excessive loss of hazardous material. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-4-device-obviously-not-in-compliance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-4-device-obviously-not-in-compliance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Bumpers, lateral protection and rear underrun devices", "item_number": "6.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Device obviously not in compliance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Carrier fractured or insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Carrier fractured or insecure. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Carrier fractured or insecure.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-5-carrier-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-5-carrier-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Carrier fractured or insecure. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Carrier fractured or insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Below wear limit.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in a component. Below wear limit. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Below wear limit.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-6-below-wear-limit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-6-below-wear-limit", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in a component. Below wear limit. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Below wear limit. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in a component.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in a component. Below wear limit. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in a component.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-6-excessive-wear-in-a-component.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-6-excessive-wear-in-a-component", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in a component. Below wear limit. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in a component. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-7-excessive-wear-in-transmission-shaft-bearings.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-7-excessive-wear-in-transmission-shaft-bearings", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Excessive wear in transmission shaft bearings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Engine modification affecting safety and/or the environment.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Engine performance (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Engine modification affecting safety and/or the environment. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Engine modification affecting safety and/or the environment.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-9-engine-modification-affecting-safety-and-or-the-environment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-1-9-engine-modification-affecting-safety-and-or-the-environment", "item_name": "Engine performance (X) 2", "item_number": "6.1.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Engine modification affecting safety and/or the environment. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Engine modification affecting safety and/or the environment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure body pillar.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecure body pillar. Stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure body pillar.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-1-insecure-body-pillar.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-1-insecure-body-pillar", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecure body pillar. Stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure body pillar. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insecure body pillar. Stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-1-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-1-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Insecure body pillar. Stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression). Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-10-insufficient-clearance-to-tyre-wheel-mudguards.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-10-insufficient-clearance-to-tyre-wheel-mudguards", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression). Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression). Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-10-insufficient-clearance-to-tyre-wheel-spray-suppression.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-10-insufficient-clearance-to-tyre-wheel-spray-suppression", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression). Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (mudguards). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient clearance to tyre/wheel (spray suppression). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stand\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-11-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-11-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Stand", "item_number": "6.2.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Handgrips and footrests\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-12-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-12-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Handgrips and footrests", "item_number": "6.2.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-2-body-cab-obviously-not-located-squarely-on-chassis.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-2-body-cab-obviously-not-located-squarely-on-chassis", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Body/cab obviously not located squarely on chassis. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors). A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-one-that-will-not-remain-closed-sliding-d.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-one-that-will-not-remain-closed-sliding-d", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors). A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors). A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-one-that-will-not-remain-closed-turning-d.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-3-a-door-likely-to-open-inadvertently-or-one-that-will-not-remain-closed-turning-d", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(b) | A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (sliding doors). A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A door likely to open inadvertently or one that will not remain closed (turning doors). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly. Seat moving or backrest not fixable. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-5-adjustment-mechanism-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-5-adjustment-mechanism-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly. Seat moving or backrest not fixable. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Seat moving or backrest not fixable.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly. Seat moving or backrest not fixable. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Seat moving or backrest not fixable.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-5-seat-moving-or-backrest-not-fixable.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-5-seat-moving-or-backrest-not-fixable", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat", "item_number": "6.2.5", "source_quote": "(b) | Adjustment mechanism not functioning correctly. Seat moving or backrest not fixable. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seat moving or backrest not fixable. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other seats\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 . Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-6-permitted-number-of-seats-exceeded-positioning-not-in-compliance-with-approval.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-6-permitted-number-of-seats-exceeded-positioning-not-in-compliance-with-approval", "item_name": "Other seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 . Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other seats\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 . Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-6-seats-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-6-seats-not-fitted-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Other seats", "item_number": "6.2.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 . Permitted number of seats exceeded; positioning not in compliance with approval. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seats not fitted in accordance with requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Step or rung in a condition likely to cause injury to users.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Cab steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Step or rung in a condition likely to cause injury to users. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Step or rung in a condition likely to cause injury to users.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-8-step-or-rung-in-a-condition-likely-to-cause-injury-to-users.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-8-step-or-rung-in-a-condition-likely-to-cause-injury-to-users", "item_name": "Cab steps", "item_number": "6.2.8", "source_quote": "(b) | Step or rung in a condition likely to cause injury to users. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Step or rung in a condition likely to cause injury to users. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-9-other-fitting-or-equipment-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-9-other-fitting-or-equipment-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment", "item_number": "6.2.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-9-parts-fitted-likely-to-cause-injuries-safe-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-6-2-9-parts-fitted-likely-to-cause-injuries-safe-operation-affected", "item_name": "Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment", "item_number": "6.2.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Other fitting or equipment not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Parts fitted likely to cause injuries; safe operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Anchorage loose.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Anchorage loose. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Anchorage loose.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-1-anchorage-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-1-anchorage-loose", "item_name": "Security of safety-belts/buckles mounting", "item_number": "7.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Anchorage loose. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Anchorage loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any cut or sign of overstretching.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Safety-belt damaged. Any cut or sign of overstretching. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any cut or sign of overstretching.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-2-any-cut-or-sign-of-overstretching.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-2-any-cut-or-sign-of-overstretching", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Safety-belt damaged. Any cut or sign of overstretching. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cut or sign of overstretching. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safety-belt damaged.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Safety-belt damaged. Any cut or sign of overstretching. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Safety-belt damaged.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-2-safety-belt-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-2-safety-belt-damaged", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Safety-belt damaged. Any cut or sign of overstretching. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safety-belt damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Safety belt load limiter\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-3-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-3-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Safety belt load limiter", "item_number": "7.1.3", "source_quote": "(b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Safety belt Pre-tensioners\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-4-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-4-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Safety belt Pre-tensioners", "item_number": "7.1.4", "source_quote": "(b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Airbag\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-5-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-5-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Airbag", "item_number": "7.1.5", "source_quote": "(b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** SRS Systems\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-1-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "SRS Systems", "item_number": "7.1.6", "source_quote": "(b) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obviously not operational.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Obviously not operational. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Obviously not operational.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-10-obviously-not-operational.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-10-obviously-not-operational", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(b) | Obviously not operational. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obviously not operational. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obviously inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Odometer if available (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Obviously inoperative. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Obviously inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-11-obviously-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-11-obviously-inoperative", "item_name": "Odometer if available (X) 2", "item_number": "7.11", "source_quote": "(b) | Obviously inoperative. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obviously inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wirings damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Wirings damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wirings damaged.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-12-wirings-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-12-wirings-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(b) | Wirings damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wirings damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fire extinguisher (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.).", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-2-if-required-e-g-taxi-buses-coaches-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-2-if-required-e-g-taxi-buses-coaches-etc", "item_name": "Fire extinguisher (X) 2", "item_number": "7.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fire extinguisher (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-2-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-2-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Fire extinguisher (X) 2", "item_number": "7.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 If required (e.g. taxi, buses, coaches, etc.). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Locks and anti-theft device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective Inadvertently locking or blocking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-3-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-3-defective", "item_name": "Locks and anti-theft device", "item_number": "7.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective Inadvertently locking or blocking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inadvertently locking or blocking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Locks and anti-theft device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective Inadvertently locking or blocking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Inadvertently locking or blocking.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-3-inadvertently-locking-or-blocking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-3-inadvertently-locking-or-blocking", "item_name": "Locks and anti-theft device", "item_number": "7.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective Inadvertently locking or blocking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inadvertently locking or blocking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Warning triangle (if required) (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-4-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-4-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Warning triangle (if required) (X) 2", "item_number": "7.4", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Control insecure.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Control insecure. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Control insecure.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-7-control-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-7-control-insecure", "item_name": "Audible warning device", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Control insecure. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Control insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not operational at all.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Operation impaired. Not operational at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not operational at all.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-8-not-operational-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-8-not-operational-at-all", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(b) | Operation impaired. Not operational at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not operational at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Operation impaired.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Operation impaired. Not operational at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Operation impaired.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-8-operation-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-8-operation-impaired", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(b) | Operation impaired. Not operational at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Operation impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not operational.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not operational. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not operational.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-9-not-operational.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-7-9-not-operational", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Not operational. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not operational. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels. Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-loose-damaged-incorrectly-fitted-missin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-1-1-any-part-of-the-noise-suppression-system-loose-damaged-incorrectly-fitted-missin", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels. Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels. Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-1-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-1-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Noise suppression system", "item_number": "8.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Any part of the noise suppression system loose, damaged, incorrectly fitted, missing or obviously modified in a way that would adversely affect the noise levels. Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaks which would affect emission measurements.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emissions control equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaks which would affect emission measurements. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Leaks which would affect emission measurements.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-2-1-1-leaks-which-would-affect-emission-measurements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-2-1-1-leaks-which-would-affect-emission-measurements", "item_name": "Exhaust emissions control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaks which would affect emission measurements. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaks which would affect emission measurements. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaks which would affect emission measurements.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Leaks which would affect emission measurements. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Leaks which would affect emission measurements.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-2-2-1-leaks-which-would-affect-emission-measurements.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-8-2-2-1-leaks-which-would-affect-emission-measurements", "item_name": "Exhaust emission control equipment", "item_number": "8.2.2.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Leaks which would affect emission measurements. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaks which would affect emission measurements. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated condition.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Deteriorated condition.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-1-deteriorated-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-1-deteriorated-condition", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to cause injuries.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to cause injuries.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-1-likely-to-cause-injuries.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-1-likely-to-cause-injuries", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to cause injuries. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emergency exits signs illegible.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emergency exits signs illegible. Emergency exits signs missing. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Emergency exits signs illegible.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-2-emergency-exits-signs-illegible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-2-emergency-exits-signs-illegible", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Emergency exits signs illegible. Emergency exits signs missing. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emergency exits signs illegible. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emergency exits signs missing.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emergency exits signs illegible. Emergency exits signs missing. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emergency exits signs missing.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-2-emergency-exits-signs-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-1-2-emergency-exits-signs-missing", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Emergency exits signs illegible. Emergency exits signs missing. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emergency exits signs missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated condition.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Deteriorated condition.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-1-deteriorated-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-1-deteriorated-condition", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected; likely to cause injuries.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Stability affected; likely to cause injuries.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-1-stability-affected-likely-to-cause-injuries.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-1-stability-affected-likely-to-cause-injuries", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated condition.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Deteriorated condition.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-2-deteriorated-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-2-deteriorated-condition", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability affected; likely to cause injuries.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Stability affected; likely to cause injuries.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-2-stability-affected-likely-to-cause-injuries.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-11-2-stability-affected-likely-to-cause-injuries", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Deteriorated condition. Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability affected; likely to cause injuries. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.12.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Installations for food preparation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-12-1-installation-damaged-to-such-an-extent-that-it-would-be-dangerous-to-use-it.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-12-1-installation-damaged-to-such-an-extent-that-it-would-be-dangerous-to-use-it", "item_name": "Installations for food preparation", "item_number": "9.12.1", "source_quote": "(b) | Installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Installation damaged to such an extent that it would be dangerous to use it. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Danger to health of persons on board.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Danger to health of persons on board.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-2-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-2-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Danger to health of persons on board. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-2-emission-of-toxic-or-exhaust-gases-into-driver-s-or-passenger-compartment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-2-emission-of-toxic-or-exhaust-gases-into-driver-s-or-passenger-compartment", "item_name": "Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Danger to health of persons on board.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Ventilation & heating system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Danger to health of persons on board.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-3-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-3-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Ventilation & heating system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Danger to health of persons on board. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Ventilation & heating system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-3-emission-of-toxic-or-exhaust-gases-into-driver-s-or-passenger-compartment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-3-emission-of-toxic-or-exhaust-gases-into-driver-s-or-passenger-compartment", "item_name": "Ventilation & heating system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.3", "source_quote": "(b) | Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emission of toxic or exhaust gases into driver\u2019s or passenger compartment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to cause injuries.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 . Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to cause injuries.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-4-2-likely-to-cause-injuries.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-4-2-likely-to-cause-injuries", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)", "item_number": "9.4.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 . Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to cause injuries. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.4.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 . Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-4-2-protection-for-driver-insecure-or-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-4-2-protection-for-driver-insecure-or-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Driver\u2019s seat (additional requirements)", "item_number": "9.4.2", "source_quote": "(b) | Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 . Likely to cause injuries. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Protection for driver insecure or not in accordance with requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective rails or grab handles.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective rails or grab handles. Insecure or un-useable. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective rails or grab handles.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-6-defective-rails-or-grab-handles.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-6-defective-rails-or-grab-handles", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective rails or grab handles. Insecure or un-useable. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective rails or grab handles. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure or un-useable.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Defective rails or grab handles. Insecure or un-useable. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure or un-useable.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-6-insecure-or-un-useable.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-6-insecure-or-un-useable", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(b) | Defective rails or grab handles. Insecure or un-useable. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure or un-useable. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Retractable steps not operating correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Retractable steps not operating correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Retractable steps not operating correctly.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-7-retractable-steps-not-operating-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-7-retractable-steps-not-operating-correctly", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(b) | Retractable steps not operating correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Retractable steps not operating correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** False information.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Notices (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . False information. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "False information.", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-9-false-information.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-9-false-information", "item_name": "Notices (X) 2", "item_number": "9.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . False information. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "False information. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Notices (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (b) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . False information. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(b)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-9-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-b-9-9-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Notices (X) 2", "item_number": "9.9", "source_quote": "(b) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . False information. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-0-1-not-in-accordance-with-vehicle-documents-or-records.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-0-1-not-in-accordance-with-vehicle-documents-or-records", "item_name": "Registration number plates (if needed by requirements 1 )", "item_number": "0.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with vehicle documents or records. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Illegible vehicle documents or clerical inaccuracies.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 0.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Illegible vehicle documents or clerical inaccuracies. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Illegible vehicle documents or clerical inaccuracies.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-0-2-illegible-vehicle-documents-or-clerical-inaccuracies.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-0-2-illegible-vehicle-documents-or-clerical-inaccuracies", "item_name": "Vehicle identification/chassis/serial number", "item_number": "0.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Illegible vehicle documents or clerical inaccuracies. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Illegible vehicle documents or clerical inaccuracies. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating. Master cylinder insecure. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure-but-brake-still-operating.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure-but-brake-still-operating", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating. Master cylinder insecure. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder insecure.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating. Master cylinder insecure. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Master cylinder insecure.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-10-master-cylinder-insecure", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Master cylinder insecure but brake still operating. Master cylinder insecure. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-11-affecting-the-functioning-of-the-brakes-on-account-of-blocking-or-imminent-risk-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-11-affecting-the-functioning-of-the-brakes-on-account-of-blocking-or-imminent-risk-", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pipes damaged or excessively corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Pipes damaged or excessively corroded.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-11-pipes-damaged-or-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-11-pipes-damaged-or-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. Affecting the functioning of the brakes on account of blocking or imminent risk of leaking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pipes damaged or excessively corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems)\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems) Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems)", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-12-hoses-or-connections-leaking-air-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-12-hoses-or-connections-leaking-air-brake-systems", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems) Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems) Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-12-hoses-or-connections-leaking-hydraulic-brake-systems.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-12-hoses-or-connections-leaking-hydraulic-brake-systems", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Hoses or connections leaking (air brake systems) Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses or connections leaking (hydraulic brake systems). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lining or pad missing or wrongly mounted.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lining or pad missing or wrongly mounted. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Lining or pad missing or wrongly mounted.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-missing-or-wrongly-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-13-lining-or-pad-missing-or-wrongly-mounted", "item_name": "Brake linings and pads", "item_number": "1.1.13", "source_quote": "(c) | Lining or pad missing or wrongly mounted. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lining or pad missing or wrongly mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Drum or disc missing.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Drum or disc missing. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Drum or disc missing.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-14-drum-or-disc-missing", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(c) | Drum or disc missing. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Drum or disc missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cable, rod or joint insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable, rod or joint insecure.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-15-cable-rod-or-joint-insecure", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(c) | Cable, rod or joint insecure. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable, rod or joint insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-16-actuator-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(c) | Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted. Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning). Valve seized or inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-17-valve-seized-or-inoperative-abs-functioning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-17-valve-seized-or-inoperative-abs-functioning", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(c) | Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning). Valve seized or inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Valve seized or inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning). Valve seized or inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Valve seized or inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-17-valve-seized-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-17-valve-seized-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(c) | Valve seized or inoperative (ABS functioning). Valve seized or inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve seized or inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrectly installed or replaced.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Slack adjusters and indicators\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Incorrectly installed or replaced. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Incorrectly installed or replaced.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-18-incorrectly-installed-or-replaced.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-18-incorrectly-installed-or-replaced", "item_name": "Slack adjusters and indicators", "item_number": "1.1.18", "source_quote": "(c) | Incorrectly installed or replaced. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrectly installed or replaced. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-2-anti-slip-provision-on-brake-pedal-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-2-anti-slip-provision-on-brake-pedal-missing-loose-or-worn-smooth", "item_name": "Pedal/hand lever condition and travel of the brake operating device", "item_number": "1.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any component insecure or inadequately mounted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Any component insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any component insecure or inadequately mounted.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-21-any-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-21-any-component-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(c) | Any component insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any component insecure or inadequately mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-3-multi-circuit-protection-valve-or-pressure-relief-valve-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-3-multi-circuit-protection-valve-or-pressure-relief-valve-not-working", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Loose connections or leaks in system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand-operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Loose connections or leaks in system. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Loose connections or leaks in system.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-5-loose-connections-or-leaks-in-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-5-loose-connections-or-leaks-in-system", "item_name": "Hand-operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Loose connections or leaks in system. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose connections or leaks in system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-6-excessive-movement-of-lever-indicating-incorrect-adjustment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-6-excessive-movement-of-lever-indicating-incorrect-adjustment", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Valve insecure or inadequately mounted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Valve insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Valve insecure or inadequately mounted.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-7-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-7-valve-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Valve insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve insecure or inadequately mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive leaks.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive leaks. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive leaks.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-8-excessive-leaks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-8-excessive-leaks", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive leaks. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive leaks. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive leaks. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-8-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive leaks. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tank insecure or inadequately mounted.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Energy storage reservoir pressure tank\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Tank insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tank insecure or inadequately mounted.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-9-tank-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-1-9-tank-insecure-or-inadequately-mounted", "item_name": "Energy storage reservoir pressure tank", "item_number": "1.1.9", "source_quote": "(c) | Tank insecure or inadequately mounted. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tank insecure or inadequately mounted. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-2-1-no-gradual-variation-in-brake-effort-grabbing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-2-1-no-gradual-variation-in-brake-effort-grabbing", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-3-1-no-gradual-variation-in-brake-effort-grabbing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-3-1-no-gradual-variation-in-brake-effort-grabbing", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-6-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-6-wheel-speed-sensors-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic brake system (EBS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-7-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-1-7-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Electronic brake system (EBS)", "item_number": "1.7", "source_quote": "(c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting functionality.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive wear in sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting functionality.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-1-affecting-functionality.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-1-affecting-functionality", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive wear in sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting functionality. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in sector shaft.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive wear in sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in sector shaft.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-1-excessive-wear-in-sector-shaft.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-1-excessive-wear-in-sector-shaft", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive wear in sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in sector shaft. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachments seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Missing or fractured fixing bolts. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Attachments seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-2-attachments-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-2-attachments-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Missing or fractured fixing bolts. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachments seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or fractured fixing bolts.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Missing or fractured fixing bolts. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Missing or fractured fixing bolts.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-2-missing-or-fractured-fixing-bolts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-2-missing-or-fractured-fixing-bolts", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Missing or fractured fixing bolts. Attachments seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or fractured fixing bolts. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting function.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Fractures or deformation of any component. Affecting function. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting function.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-3-affecting-function.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-3-affecting-function", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Fractures or deformation of any component. Affecting function. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting function. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fractures or deformation of any component.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Fractures or deformation of any component. Affecting function. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fractures or deformation of any component.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-3-fractures-or-deformation-of-any-component.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-3-fractures-or-deformation-of-any-component", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Fractures or deformation of any component. Affecting function. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fractures or deformation of any component. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Mechanism not working.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Mechanism not working. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mechanism not working.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-5-mechanism-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-5-mechanism-not-working", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Mechanism not working. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mechanism not working. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Mechanism not working. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-5-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-1-5-steering-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Mechanism not working. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-1-fracture-or-looseness-of-steering-wheel-hub-rim-or-spokes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-1-fracture-or-looseness-of-steering-wheel-hub-rim-or-spokes", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of unlinking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering wheel/handle bar condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of unlinking.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking", "item_name": "Steering wheel/handle bar condition", "item_number": "2.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Fracture or looseness of steering wheel hub, rim or spokes. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of unlinking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated flexible coupling.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Deteriorated flexible coupling. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Deteriorated flexible coupling.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-2-deteriorated-flexible-coupling.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-2-2-deteriorated-flexible-coupling", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Deteriorated flexible coupling. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated flexible coupling. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Attachment defective. Attachment seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Attachment defective.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-5-attachment-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-5-attachment-defective", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Attachment defective. Attachment seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Trailer steered axle turntable\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Attachment defective. Attachment seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Attachment seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-5-attachment-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-5-attachment-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Trailer steered axle turntable", "item_number": "2.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Attachment defective. Attachment seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Power assistance not working.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Power Steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Power assistance not working. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Power assistance not working.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-6-power-assistance-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-2-6-power-assistance-not-working", "item_name": "Electronic Power Steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Power assistance not working. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power assistance not working. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of glass\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-3-2-glass-or-transparent-panel-in-unacceptable-condition.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-3-2-glass-or-transparent-panel-in-unacceptable-condition", "item_name": "Condition of glass", "item_number": "3.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Glass or transparent panel in unacceptable condition. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Necessary field of vision not covered.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear-view mirrors or devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Necessary field of vision not covered. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Necessary field of vision not covered.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-3-3-necessary-field-of-vision-not-covered.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-3-3-necessary-field-of-vision-not-covered", "item_name": "Rear-view mirrors or devices", "item_number": "3.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Necessary field of vision not covered. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Necessary field of vision not covered. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-3-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-3-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Light source and lamp not compatible.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Light source and lamp not compatible. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Light source and lamp not compatible.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-4-light-source-and-lamp-not-compatible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-4-light-source-and-lamp-not-compatible", "item_name": "Compliance with requirements 1 .", "item_number": "4.1.4", "source_quote": "(c) | Light source and lamp not compatible. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Light source and lamp not compatible. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Levelling devices (where mandatory)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-5-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-1-5-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Levelling devices (where mandatory)", "item_number": "4.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Trailer brake lights not working at all.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly. Trailer brake lights not working at all. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Trailer brake lights not working at all.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-10-trailer-brake-lights-not-working-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-10-trailer-brake-lights-not-working-at-all", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly. Trailer brake lights not working at all. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Trailer brake lights not working at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly. Trailer brake lights not working at all. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-10-trailer-or-towing-vehicle-electrical-connections-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-10-trailer-or-towing-vehicle-electrical-connections-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Electrical connections between towing vehicle and trailer or semi-trailer", "item_number": "4.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly. Trailer brake lights not working at all. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Trailer or towing vehicle electrical connections not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged or deteriorated insulation.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Damaged or deteriorated insulation.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-damaged-or-deteriorated-insulation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-damaged-or-deteriorated-insulation", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged or deteriorated insulation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-imminent-risk-of-fire-formation-of-sparks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-imminent-risk-of-fire-formation-of-sparks", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to cause a short-circuit fault.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Likely to cause a short-circuit fault.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-11-likely-to-cause-a-short-circuit-fault", "item_name": "Electrical wiring", "item_number": "4.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Damaged or deteriorated insulation. Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. Imminent risk of fire, formation of sparks. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to cause a short-circuit fault. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-12-lamp-retro-reflector-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-12-lamp-retro-reflector-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-12-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-12-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Non obligatory lamps and retro-reflectors (X) 2", "item_number": "4.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp/retro-reflector not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective switch (if required).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective switch (if required). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective switch (if required).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-13-defective-switch-if-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-13-defective-switch-if-required", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective switch (if required). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective switch (if required). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-2-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-2-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-2-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-2-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-3-2-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(c) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-4-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-4-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-4-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-4-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.4.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-5-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-5-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-5-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off-or-dazzling-oncoming-traffic.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-5-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off-or-dazzling-oncoming-traffic", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.5.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off or dazzling oncoming traffic. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-6-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-6-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-6-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-6-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.6.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lamp not securely attached.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Lamp not securely attached.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-7-1-lamp-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-7-1-lamp-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lamp not securely attached. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition and operation\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-7-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-4-7-1-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Condition and operation", "item_number": "4.7.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Lamp not securely attached. Very serious risk of falling off. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-1-stability-impaired-functionality-affected-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicl.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-1-stability-impaired-functionality-affected-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicl", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-1-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-1-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Axles", "item_number": "5.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-2-excessive-movement-between-stub-axle-and-axle-beam.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-2-excessive-movement-between-stub-axle-and-axle-beam", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Wheel badly distorted or worn. Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-2-secure-fixing-to-hub-affected-secure-fixing-of-tyre-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-2-secure-fixing-to-hub-affected-secure-fixing-of-tyre-affected", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Wheel badly distorted or worn. Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel badly distorted or worn.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Wheel badly distorted or worn. Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel badly distorted or worn.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-2-wheel-badly-distorted-or-worn.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-2-wheel-badly-distorted-or-worn", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Wheel badly distorted or worn. Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel badly distorted or worn. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-3-tyres-on-same-axle-of-different-construction-radial-cross-ply.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-2-3-tyres-on-same-axle-of-different-construction-radial-cross-ply", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/cross-ply). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Spring missing Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-1-main-spring-leaf-or-additional-leafs-very-seriously-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-1-main-spring-leaf-or-additional-leafs-very-seriously-affected", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Spring missing Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Spring missing\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Spring missing Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Spring missing", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-1-spring-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-1-spring-missing", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Spring missing Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Spring missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-3-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicle-parts-system-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-3-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicle-parts-system-inoperative", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-3-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-3-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms", "item_number": "5.3.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Audible system leakage.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Air suspension\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Audible system leakage. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Audible system leakage.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-5-audible-system-leakage.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-5-3-5-audible-system-leakage", "item_name": "Air suspension", "item_number": "5.3.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Audible system leakage. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Audible system leakage. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly. Insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-1-excessive-corrosion-which-affects-the-rigidity-of-the-assembly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-1-excessive-corrosion-which-affects-the-rigidity-of-the-assembly", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly. Insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient strength of parts.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** General condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly. Insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient strength of parts.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-1-insufficient-strength-of-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-1-insufficient-strength-of-parts", "item_name": "General condition", "item_number": "6.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive corrosion which affects the rigidity of the assembly. Insufficient strength of parts. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient strength of parts. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Chafed pipes.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Chafed pipes. Damaged pipes. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Chafed pipes.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-3-chafed-pipes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-3-chafed-pipes", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Chafed pipes. Damaged pipes. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Chafed pipes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged pipes.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Chafed pipes. Damaged pipes. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Damaged pipes.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-3-damaged-pipes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-3-damaged-pipes", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Chafed pipes. Damaged pipes. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged pipes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-not-securely-fixed-in-carrier.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-5-a-spare-wheel-not-securely-fixed-in-carrier", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-5-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-5-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)", "item_number": "6.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | A spare wheel not securely fixed in carrier Very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Attachment defective. Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-6-any-attachment-loose-with-a-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-6-any-attachment-loose-with-a-very-serious-risk-of-falling-off", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Attachment defective. Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Attachment defective. Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Attachment defective.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-6-attachment-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-6-attachment-defective", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Attachment defective. Any attachment loose with a very serious risk of falling off. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-7-excessive-wear-in-universal-joints-or-transmission-chains-belts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-7-excessive-wear-in-universal-joints-or-transmission-chains-belts", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Excessive wear in universal joints or transmission chains/belts. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Danger to health of persons on board.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Danger to health of persons on board.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-1-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-1-danger-to-health-of-persons-on-board", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Danger to health of persons on board. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-1-permitting-entry-of-engine-or-exhaust-fumes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-1-permitting-entry-of-engine-or-exhaust-fumes", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. Danger to health of persons on board. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Permitting entry of engine or exhaust fumes. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient coverage of tread.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient coverage of tread. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient coverage of tread.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-10-insufficient-coverage-of-tread.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-10-insufficient-coverage-of-tread", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient coverage of tread. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient coverage of tread. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient coverage of tread. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-10-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-10-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Mudguards (wings), spray suppression devices", "item_number": "6.2.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient coverage of tread. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Risk of unfolding when the vehicle is in motion.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stand\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Risk of unfolding when the vehicle is in motion. | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Risk of unfolding when the vehicle is in motion.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-11-risk-of-unfolding-when-the-vehicle-is-in-motion.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-11-risk-of-unfolding-when-the-vehicle-is-in-motion", "item_name": "Stand", "item_number": "6.2.11", "source_quote": "(c) | Risk of unfolding when the vehicle is in motion. | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Risk of unfolding when the vehicle is in motion. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-2-insecure-or-missing-fixing-of-body-cab-to-chassis-or-cross-members-and-if-symmet.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-2-insecure-or-missing-fixing-of-body-cab-to-chassis-or-cross-members-and-if-symmet", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-2-insecure-or-missing-fixing-of-body-cab-to-chassis-or-cross-members-to-such-an-ex.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-2-insecure-or-missing-fixing-of-body-cab-to-chassis-or-cross-members-to-such-an-ex", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members and if symmetrical Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insecure or missing fixing of body/cab to chassis or cross-members to such an extent that road safety is very seriously endangered. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated. Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-3-door-hinges-catches-or-pillar-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-3-door-hinges-catches-or-pillar-deteriorated", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated. Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated. Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-3-door-hinges-catches-or-pillar-missing-or-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-3-door-hinges-catches-or-pillar-missing-or-loose", "item_name": "Doors and door catches", "item_number": "6.2.3", "source_quote": "(c) | Door, hinges, catches or pillar deteriorated. Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Door, hinges, catches or pillar missing or loose. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Extensive loss of hazardous material.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Leaking hydraulic equipment. Extensive loss of hazardous material. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Extensive loss of hazardous material.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-9-extensive-loss-of-hazardous-material.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-9-extensive-loss-of-hazardous-material", "item_name": "Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment", "item_number": "6.2.9", "source_quote": "(c) | Leaking hydraulic equipment. Extensive loss of hazardous material. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Extensive loss of hazardous material. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking hydraulic equipment.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Leaking hydraulic equipment. Extensive loss of hazardous material. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Leaking hydraulic equipment.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-9-leaking-hydraulic-equipment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-6-2-9-leaking-hydraulic-equipment", "item_name": "Other interior and exterior fittings and equipment", "item_number": "6.2.9", "source_quote": "(c) | Leaking hydraulic equipment. Extensive loss of hazardous material. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking hydraulic equipment. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-1-2-safety-belt-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-1-2-safety-belt-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safety-belt not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Airbag obviously non-operative.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Airbag\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Airbag obviously non-operative. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Airbag obviously non-operative.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-1-5-airbag-obviously-non-operative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-1-5-airbag-obviously-non-operative", "item_name": "Airbag", "item_number": "7.1.5", "source_quote": "(c) | Airbag obviously non-operative. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Airbag obviously non-operative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrect set speed (if checked).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Incorrect set speed (if checked). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Incorrect set speed (if checked).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-10-incorrect-set-speed-if-checked.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-10-incorrect-set-speed-if-checked", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(c) | Incorrect set speed (if checked). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrect set speed (if checked). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Other components missing or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Other components missing or damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other components missing or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-12-other-components-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-12-other-components-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(c) | Other components missing or damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other components missing or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-7-emitted-sound-likely-to-be-confused-with-official-sirens.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-7-emitted-sound-likely-to-be-confused-with-official-sirens", "item_name": "Audible warning device", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Audible warning device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-7-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-7-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Audible warning device", "item_number": "7.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Emitted sound likely to be confused with official sirens. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not capable of being illuminated at all.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated. Not capable of being illuminated at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not capable of being illuminated at all.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-8-not-capable-of-being-illuminated-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-8-not-capable-of-being-illuminated-at-all", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(c) | Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated. Not capable of being illuminated at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not capable of being illuminated at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speedometer\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated. Not capable of being illuminated at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-8-not-capable-of-being-sufficiently-illuminated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-8-not-capable-of-being-sufficiently-illuminated", "item_name": "Speedometer", "item_number": "7.8", "source_quote": "(c) | Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated. Not capable of being illuminated at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not capable of being sufficiently illuminated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective or missing seals.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective or missing seals. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective or missing seals.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-9-defective-or-missing-seals.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-7-9-defective-or-missing-seals", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective or missing seals. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective or missing seals. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Lambda coefficient outside the range 1 \u00b1 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s specification;\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Lambda coefficient outside the range 1 \u00b1 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s specification; | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Lambda coefficient outside the range 1 \u00b1 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s specification;", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-8-2-1-2-lambda-coefficient-outside-the-range-1-0-03-or-not-in-accordance-with-the-manufa.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-8-2-1-2-lambda-coefficient-outside-the-range-1-0-03-or-not-in-accordance-with-the-manufa", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Lambda coefficient outside the range 1 \u00b1 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s specification; | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lambda coefficient outside the range 1 \u00b1 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer\u2019s specification; \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective emergency control.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective emergency control. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective emergency control.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-1-1-defective-emergency-control.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-1-1-defective-emergency-control", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective emergency control. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective emergency control. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing hammer to break glass.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Missing hammer to break glass. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Missing hammer to break glass.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-1-2-missing-hammer-to-break-glass.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-1-2-missing-hammer-to-break-glass", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Missing hammer to break glass. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing hammer to break glass. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective control(s).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective control(s).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-1-defective-control-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-1-defective-control-s", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective control(s). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safe operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safe operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-1-safe-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-1-safe-operation-affected", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safe operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective control(s).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective control(s).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-2-defective-control-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-2-defective-control-s", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective control(s). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safe operation affected.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safe operation affected.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-2-safe-operation-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-11-2-safe-operation-affected", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective control(s). Safe operation affected. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safe operation affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective defrosting (if compulsory).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Defective defrosting (if compulsory). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective defrosting (if compulsory).", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-2-defective-defrosting-if-compulsory.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-2-defective-defrosting-if-compulsory", "item_name": "Demisting and defrosting system (X) 2", "item_number": "9.2", "source_quote": "(c) | Defective defrosting (if compulsory). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective defrosting (if compulsory). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient width or space.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient width or space. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient width or space.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-6-insufficient-width-or-space.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-6-insufficient-width-or-space", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient width or space. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient width or space. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gangways, standing areas\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient width or space. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-6-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-6-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Gangways, standing areas", "item_number": "9.6", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient width or space. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient width or exceeding height.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 Insufficient width or exceeding height. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient width or exceeding height.", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-7-insufficient-width-or-exceeding-height.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-7-insufficient-width-or-exceeding-height", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 Insufficient width or exceeding height. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient width or exceeding height. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stairs and steps\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (c) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 Insufficient width or exceeding height. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(c)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-7-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-c-9-7-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Stairs and steps", "item_number": "9.7", "source_quote": "(c) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 Insufficient width or exceeding height. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-min-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-brake-fluid-significantly-below-min-mark", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-insufficient-brake-fluid-below-min-mark.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-insufficient-brake-fluid-below-min-mark", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** No brake fluid visible.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "No brake fluid visible.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-no-brake-fluid-visible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-10-no-brake-fluid-visible", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(d) | Insufficient brake fluid below MIN mark Brake fluid significantly below MIN mark No brake fluid visible. | | X | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No brake fluid visible. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Pipes misplaced.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Pipes misplaced. Risk of damage. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Pipes misplaced.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-11-pipes-misplaced.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-11-pipes-misplaced", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d) | Pipes misplaced. Risk of damage. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pipes misplaced. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Risk of damage.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Pipes misplaced. Risk of damage. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Risk of damage.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-11-risk-of-damage.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-11-risk-of-damage", "item_name": "Rigid brake pipes", "item_number": "1.1.11", "source_quote": "(d) | Pipes misplaced. Risk of damage. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Risk of damage. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cord impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Hoses bulging under pressure. Cord impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Cord impaired.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-12-cord-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-12-cord-impaired", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(d) | Hoses bulging under pressure. Cord impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cord impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses bulging under pressure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Hoses bulging under pressure. Cord impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hoses bulging under pressure.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-12-hoses-bulging-under-pressure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-12-hoses-bulging-under-pressure", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(d) | Hoses bulging under pressure. Cord impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses bulging under pressure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Back plate insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake drums, brake discs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Back plate insecure. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Back plate insecure.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-14-back-plate-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-14-back-plate-insecure", "item_name": "Brake drums, brake discs", "item_number": "1.1.14", "source_quote": "(d) | Back plate insecure. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Back plate insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cable guide defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Cable guide defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cable guide defective.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-15-cable-guide-defective", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(d) | Cable guide defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cable guide defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Actuator excessively corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Actuator excessively corroded. Likely to crack. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Actuator excessively corroded.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-16-actuator-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d) | Actuator excessively corroded. Likely to crack. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Actuator excessively corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likely to crack.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Actuator excessively corroded. Likely to crack. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likely to crack.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-16-likely-to-crack.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-16-likely-to-crack", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(d) | Actuator excessively corroded. Likely to crack. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likely to crack. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Valve missing (if required).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Valve missing (if required). | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Valve missing (if required).", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-17-valve-missing-if-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-17-valve-missing-if-required", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(d) | Valve missing (if required). | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Valve missing (if required). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification to any component 3 Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-21-braking-performance-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-21-braking-performance-affected", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification to any component 3 Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification to any component 3\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Complete braking system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification to any component 3 Braking performance affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification to any component 3", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-21-unsafe-modification-to-any-component-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-21-unsafe-modification-to-any-component-3", "item_name": "Complete braking system", "item_number": "1.1.21", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification to any component 3 Braking performance affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification to any component 3 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-3-air-leak-causing-a-noticeable-drop-in-pressure-or-audible-air-leaks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-3-air-leak-causing-a-noticeable-drop-in-pressure-or-audible-air-leaks", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsatisfactory operation.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Hand-operated brake control valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsatisfactory operation. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsatisfactory operation.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-5-unsatisfactory-operation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-5-unsatisfactory-operation", "item_name": "Hand-operated brake control valve", "item_number": "1.1.5", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsatisfactory operation. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsatisfactory operation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Activator missing, damaged or inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Activator missing, damaged or inoperative. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Activator missing, damaged or inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-6-activator-missing-damaged-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-6-activator-missing-damaged-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | Activator missing, damaged or inoperative. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Activator missing, damaged or inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-discharge-or-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-7-hydraulic-fluid-discharge-or-leak", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(d) | Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** If its functionality is affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "If its functionality is affected.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-7-if-its-functionality-is-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-7-if-its-functionality-is-affected", "item_name": "Braking valves (foot valves, unloaders, governors)", "item_number": "1.1.7", "source_quote": "(d) | Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak. If its functionality is affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "If its functionality is affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Not functioning correctly. Operation of brake affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-8-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-8-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(d) | Not functioning correctly. Operation of brake affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Operation of brake affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.8\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Not functioning correctly. Operation of brake affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Operation of brake affected.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-8-operation-of-brake-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-1-8-operation-of-brake-affected", "item_name": "Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical & pneumatic)", "item_number": "1.1.8", "source_quote": "(d) | Not functioning correctly. Operation of brake affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Operation of brake affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-of-any-wheel.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-2-1-abnormal-lag-in-brake-operation-of-any-wheel", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wirings damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Wirings damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wirings damaged.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-6-wirings-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-1-6-wirings-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | Wirings damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wirings damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting functionality.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Excessive movement of sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting functionality.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-1-affecting-functionality.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-1-affecting-functionality", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Excessive movement of sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting functionality. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive movement of sector shaft.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Excessive movement of sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive movement of sector shaft.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-1-excessive-movement-of-sector-shaft.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-1-excessive-movement-of-sector-shaft", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Excessive movement of sector shaft. Affecting functionality. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive movement of sector shaft. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability or attachment of casing affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Steering gear casing fractured. Stability or attachment of casing affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability or attachment of casing affected.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-2-stability-or-attachment-of-casing-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-2-stability-or-attachment-of-casing-affected", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Steering gear casing fractured. Stability or attachment of casing affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability or attachment of casing affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering gear casing fractured.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear casing attachment\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Steering gear casing fractured. Stability or attachment of casing affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Steering gear casing fractured.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-2-steering-gear-casing-fractured", "item_name": "Steering gear casing attachment", "item_number": "2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Steering gear casing fractured. Stability or attachment of casing affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering gear casing fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Absence of locking devices.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Absence of locking devices. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Absence of locking devices.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-3-absence-of-locking-devices.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-3-absence-of-locking-devices", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Absence of locking devices. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Absence of locking devices. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Mechanism fractured or insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Mechanism fractured or insecure. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Mechanism fractured or insecure.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-5-mechanism-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-5-mechanism-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(d) | Mechanism fractured or insecure. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mechanism fractured or insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Mechanism fractured or insecure. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-5-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-1-5-steering-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(d) | Mechanism fractured or insecure. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Attachment defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Attachment defective. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Attachment defective.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-2-2-attachment-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-2-2-attachment-defective", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Attachment defective. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Attachment defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of unlinking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Attachment defective. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of unlinking.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-2-2-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-2-2-very-serious-risk-of-unlinking", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Attachment defective. Very serious risk of unlinking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of unlinking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Power Steering (EPS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-2-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Electronic Power Steering (EPS)", "item_number": "2.6", "source_quote": "(d) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective fuses (if required).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Defective fuses (if required). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective fuses (if required).", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-4-13-defective-fuses-if-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-4-13-defective-fuses-if-required", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(d) | Defective fuses (if required). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective fuses (if required). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Emergency brake light functions fail to operate, or do not operate correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Switching\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Emergency brake light functions fail to operate, or do not operate correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Emergency brake light functions fail to operate, or do not operate correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-4-3-2-emergency-brake-light-functions-fail-to-operate-or-do-not-operate-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-4-3-2-emergency-brake-light-functions-fail-to-operate-or-do-not-operate-correctly", "item_name": "Switching", "item_number": "4.3.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Emergency brake light functions fail to operate, or do not operate correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Emergency brake light functions fail to operate, or do not operate correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Stub axle pin loose in axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-1-2-likelihood-of-loosening-directional-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Stub axle pin loose in axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stub axle pin loose in axle.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Stub axles\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Stub axle pin loose in axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Stub axle pin loose in axle.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-1-2-stub-axle-pin-loose-in-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-1-2-stub-axle-pin-loose-in-axle", "item_name": "Stub axles", "item_number": "5.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Stub axle pin loose in axle. Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stub axle pin loose in axle. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-2-wheel-size-technical-design-compatibility-or-type-not-in-accordance-with-the-req.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-2-wheel-size-technical-design-compatibility-or-type-not-in-accordance-with-the-req", "item_name": "Wheels", "item_number": "5.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any serious damage or cut to tyre.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Any serious damage or cut to tyre. Cord visible or damaged. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any serious damage or cut to tyre.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-3-any-serious-damage-or-cut-to-tyre.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-3-any-serious-damage-or-cut-to-tyre", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Any serious damage or cut to tyre. Cord visible or damaged. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any serious damage or cut to tyre. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cord visible or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Any serious damage or cut to tyre. Cord visible or damaged. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Cord visible or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-3-cord-visible-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-2-3-cord-visible-or-damaged", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Any serious damage or cut to tyre. Cord visible or damaged. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cord visible or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification 3 Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-3-1-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicle-parts-spring-system-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-3-1-insufficient-clearance-to-other-vehicle-parts-spring-system-inoperative", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification 3 Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Springs and stabiliser\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification 3 Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-3-1-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-5-3-1-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Springs and stabiliser", "item_number": "5.3.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification 3 Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-3-fuel-stopcock-if-required-not-operating-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-3-fuel-stopcock-if-required-not-operating-correctly", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(d) | Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fuel stopcock (if required) not operating correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any safety device missing or not operating correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Any safety device missing or not operating correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any safety device missing or not operating correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-6-any-safety-device-missing-or-not-operating-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-6-any-safety-device-missing-or-not-operating-correctly", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(d) | Any safety device missing or not operating correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any safety device missing or not operating correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Deteriorated flexible couplings.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Deteriorated flexible couplings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Deteriorated flexible couplings.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-7-deteriorated-flexible-couplings.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-7-deteriorated-flexible-couplings", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(d) | Deteriorated flexible couplings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deteriorated flexible couplings. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Deteriorated flexible couplings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(d) | Deteriorated flexible couplings. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-1-insufficient-clearance-to-rotating-or-moving-parts-and-road.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-1-insufficient-clearance-to-rotating-or-moving-parts-and-road", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 .", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-1-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-1-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Condition", "item_number": "6.2.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Unsafe modification 3 . Insufficient clearance to rotating or moving parts and road. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies. Stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-2-excessive-corrosion-at-fixing-points-on-integral-bodies.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-2-excessive-corrosion-at-fixing-points-on-integral-bodies", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies. Stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Stability impaired.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mounting\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies. Stability impaired. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Stability impaired.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-2-stability-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-6-2-2-stability-impaired", "item_name": "Mounting", "item_number": "6.2.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Excessive corrosion at fixing points on integral bodies. Stability impaired. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Stability impaired. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-1-2-safety-belt-buckle-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-1-2-safety-belt-buckle-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safety-belt buckle damaged or not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective or missing seals.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Defective or missing seals. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Defective or missing seals.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-10-defective-or-missing-seals.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-10-defective-or-missing-seals", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(d) | Defective or missing seals. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective or missing seals. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Switch damaged or not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Switch damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Switch damaged or not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-12-switch-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-12-switch-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(d) | Switch damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Switch damaged or not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Installation plaque missing, illegible or out of date.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Installation plaque missing, illegible or out of date. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Installation plaque missing, illegible or out of date.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-9-installation-plaque-missing-illegible-or-out-of-date.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-7-9-installation-plaque-missing-illegible-or-out-of-date", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(d) | Installation plaque missing, illegible or out of date. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Installation plaque missing, illegible or out of date. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** OBD read-out indicating significant malfunction.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | OBD read-out indicating significant malfunction. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "OBD read-out indicating significant malfunction.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-8-2-1-2-obd-read-out-indicating-significant-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-8-2-1-2-obd-read-out-indicating-significant-malfunction", "item_name": "Gaseous emissions", "item_number": "8.2.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | OBD read-out indicating significant malfunction. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "OBD read-out indicating significant malfunction. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Remote control of doors or warning devices defective.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Remote control of doors or warning devices defective. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Remote control of doors or warning devices defective.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-1-remote-control-of-doors-or-warning-devices-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-1-remote-control-of-doors-or-warning-devices-defective", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Remote control of doors or warning devices defective. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Remote control of doors or warning devices defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient width or access blocked.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . Insufficient width or access blocked. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient width or access blocked.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-2-insufficient-width-or-access-blocked.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-2-insufficient-width-or-access-blocked", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . Insufficient width or access blocked. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient width or access blocked. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Emergency exits\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . Insufficient width or access blocked. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-2-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-1-2-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Emergency exits", "item_number": "9.1.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Not in accordance with requirements 1 . Insufficient width or access blocked. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Defective warning device(s).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Defective warning device(s). Not operating at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Defective warning device(s).", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-1-defective-warning-device-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-1-defective-warning-device-s", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Defective warning device(s). Not operating at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Defective warning device(s). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not operating at all.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Defective warning device(s). Not operating at all. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not operating at all.", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-1-not-operating-at-all.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-1-not-operating-at-all", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(d) | Defective warning device(s). Not operating at all. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not operating at all. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheelchair restraint system\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (d) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(d)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-2-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-d-9-11-2-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Wheelchair restraint system", "item_number": "9.11.2", "source_quote": "(d) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder reservoir cap missing.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-10-master-cylinder-reservoir-cap-missing", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(e) | Master cylinder reservoir cap missing. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder reservoir cap missing. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Hoses porous.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Hoses porous. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Hoses porous.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-12-hoses-porous.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-12-hoses-porous", "item_name": "Flexible brake hoses", "item_number": "1.1.12", "source_quote": "(e) | Hoses porous. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hoses porous. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Restriction to free movement of the braking system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Restriction to free movement of the braking system. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Restriction to free movement of the braking system.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-15-restriction-to-free-movement-of-the-braking-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-15-restriction-to-free-movement-of-the-braking-system", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(e) | Restriction to free movement of the braking system. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Restriction to free movement of the braking system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement).", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected-lack-of-reserve-movement.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-16-braking-performance-affected-lack-of-reserve-movement", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e) | Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-16-insufficient-or-excessive-travel-of-operating-piston-or-diaphragm-mechanism.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-16-insufficient-or-excessive-travel-of-operating-piston-or-diaphragm-mechanism", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(e) | Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. Braking performance affected (lack of reserve movement). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Missing data plate.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Missing data plate. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Missing data plate.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-17-missing-data-plate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-17-missing-data-plate", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(e) | Missing data plate. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing data plate. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system. Secondary braking performance not met. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-3-external-damage-likely-to-affect-the-function-of-the-braking-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-3-external-damage-likely-to-affect-the-function-of-the-braking-system", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system. Secondary braking performance not met. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Secondary braking performance not met.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system. Secondary braking performance not met. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Secondary braking performance not met.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-3-secondary-braking-performance-not-met.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-3-secondary-braking-performance-not-met", "item_name": "Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs", "item_number": "1.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system. Secondary braking performance not met. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Secondary braking performance not met. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-6-incorrect-functioning-warning-indicator-shows-malfunction.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-1-6-incorrect-functioning-warning-indicator-shows-malfunction", "item_name": "Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet, electronic parking brake", "item_number": "1.1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Performance\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-of-brake-force-during-each-complete-wheel-revolution.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-2-1-excessive-fluctuation-of-brake-force-during-each-complete-wheel-revolution", "item_name": "Performance", "item_number": "1.2.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Other components missing or damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Other components missing or damaged. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Other components missing or damaged.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-6-other-components-missing-or-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-1-6-other-components-missing-or-damaged", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | Other components missing or damaged. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other components missing or damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Formation of drops.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Leaking. Formation of drops. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Formation of drops.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-1-formation-of-drops.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-1-formation-of-drops", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Leaking. Formation of drops. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Formation of drops. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Leaking.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Leaking. Formation of drops. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Leaking.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-1-leaking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-1-leaking", "item_name": "Steering gear condition", "item_number": "2.1.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Leaking. Formation of drops. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Leaking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link).", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-3-misalignment-of-components-e-g-track-rod-or-drag-link.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-3-misalignment-of-components-e-g-track-rod-or-drag-link", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Misalignment of components (e.g. track rod or drag link). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Misalignment or fouling of components.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Misalignment or fouling of components. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Misalignment or fouling of components.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-5-misalignment-or-fouling-of-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-5-misalignment-or-fouling-of-components", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(e) | Misalignment or fouling of components. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Misalignment or fouling of components. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Misalignment or fouling of components. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-5-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-1-5-steering-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(e) | Misalignment or fouling of components. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Unsafe modification 3 | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-2-2-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-2-2-2-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Steering column/yokes and forks and steering dampers", "item_number": "2.2.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Unsafe modification 3 | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Inappropriate ventilation (if required).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4.13\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Inappropriate ventilation (if required). | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Inappropriate ventilation (if required).", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-4-13-inappropriate-ventilation-if-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-4-13-inappropriate-ventilation-if-required", "item_name": "Battery(ies)", "item_number": "4.13", "source_quote": "(e) | Inappropriate ventilation (if required). | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inappropriate ventilation (if required). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed. Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-depth-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-depth-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed. Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed. Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-wear-indicator-becomes-exposed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-5-2-3-tyre-tread-wear-indicator-becomes-exposed", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(e) | Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed. Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Any coupling indicator not working.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Any coupling indicator not working. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Any coupling indicator not working.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-6-1-6-any-coupling-indicator-not-working.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-6-1-6-any-coupling-indicator-not-working", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(e) | Any coupling indicator not working. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any coupling indicator not working. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** A damaged or bent shaft.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | A damaged or bent shaft. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "A damaged or bent shaft.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-6-1-7-a-damaged-or-bent-shaft.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-6-1-7-a-damaged-or-bent-shaft", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(e) | A damaged or bent shaft. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A damaged or bent shaft. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Condition of safety-belts/buckles.\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-1-2-safety-belt-retractor-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-1-2-safety-belt-retractor-damaged-or-not-functioning-correctly", "item_name": "Condition of safety-belts/buckles.", "item_number": "7.1.2", "source_quote": "(e) | Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safety-belt retractor damaged or not functioning correctly. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Plaque missing or illegible.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Plaque missing or illegible. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Plaque missing or illegible.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-10-plaque-missing-or-illegible.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-10-plaque-missing-or-illegible", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(e) | Plaque missing or illegible. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Plaque missing or illegible. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-12-esc-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-12-esc-mil-indicates-any-kind-of-failure-of-the-system", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(e) | ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ESC MIL indicates any kind of failure of the system. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obvious tampering or manipulation.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Obvious tampering or manipulation. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Obvious tampering or manipulation.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-9-obvious-tampering-or-manipulation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-7-9-obvious-tampering-or-manipulation", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(e) | Obvious tampering or manipulation. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obvious tampering or manipulation. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Insufficient door width.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient door width. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Insufficient door width.", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-1-1-insufficient-door-width.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-1-1-insufficient-door-width", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient door width. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Insufficient door width. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.1.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Entrance and exit doors\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient door width. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-1-1-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-1-1-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Entrance and exit doors", "item_number": "9.1.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . Insufficient door width. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9.11.1\n\n**Defect reference:** (e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Doors, ramps and lifts\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(e)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-11-1-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-e-9-11-1-not-in-accordance-with-the-requirements-1", "item_name": "Doors, ramps and lifts", "item_number": "9.11.1", "source_quote": "(e) | Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Not in accordance with the requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-10-brake-fluid-warning-light-illuminated-or-defective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-10-brake-fluid-warning-light-illuminated-or-defective", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(f) | Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-the-levers-linkage-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-we.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-15-abnormal-movement-of-the-levers-linkage-indicating-maladjustment-or-excessive-we", "item_name": "Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages", "item_number": "1.1.15", "source_quote": "(f) | Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover damaged.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Dust cover damaged. Dust cover missing or excessively damaged. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Dust cover damaged.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-16-dust-cover-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-16-dust-cover-damaged", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(f) | Dust cover damaged. Dust cover missing or excessively damaged. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover missing or excessively damaged.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Dust cover damaged. Dust cover missing or excessively damaged. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Dust cover missing or excessively damaged.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-16-dust-cover-missing-or-excessively-damaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-16-dust-cover-missing-or-excessively-damaged", "item_name": "Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)", "item_number": "1.1.16", "source_quote": "(f) | Dust cover damaged. Dust cover missing or excessively damaged. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover missing or excessively damaged. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements 1\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements 1 | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements 1", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-17-data-illegible-or-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-1-17-data-illegible-or-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Load sensing valve", "item_number": "1.1.17", "source_quote": "(f) | Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements 1 | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-1-6-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Anti-lock braking system (ABS)", "item_number": "1.6", "source_quote": "(f) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Affecting function.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Affecting function. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Affecting function.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-3-affecting-function.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-3-affecting-function", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Affecting function. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Affecting function. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Affecting function. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 .", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-3-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-3-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Affecting function. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-5-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-5-steering-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 .", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-5-unsafe-modification-3.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-2-1-5-unsafe-modification-3", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(f) | Unsafe modification 3 . Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices).\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices). Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices).", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-5-2-3-tyre-rubbing-against-other-components-flexible-anti-spray-devices.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-5-2-3-tyre-rubbing-against-other-components-flexible-anti-spray-devices", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(f) | Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices). Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired)\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices). Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired)", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-5-2-3-tyre-rubbing-against-other-components-safe-driving-not-impaired.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-5-2-3-tyre-rubbing-against-other-components-safe-driving-not-impaired", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(f) | Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices). Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements; any part of the system defective 1\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements; any part of the system defective 1 | | | | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements; any part of the system defective 1", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-3-lpg-cng-lng-or-hydrogen-system-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-any-part-of-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-3-lpg-cng-lng-or-hydrogen-system-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-any-part-of-t", "item_name": "Fuel tank and pipes (including heating fuel tank and pipes)", "item_number": "6.1.3", "source_quote": "(f) | LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements; any part of the system defective 1 | | | | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "LPG/CNG/LNG or hydrogen system not in accordance with requirements; any part of the system defective 1 \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use)\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) Registration plate not readable (when not in use). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use)", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-6-obstruct-registration-plate-or-any-lamp-when-not-in-use.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-6-obstruct-registration-plate-or-any-lamp-when-not-in-use", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(f) | Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) Registration plate not readable (when not in use). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Registration plate not readable (when not in use).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) Registration plate not readable (when not in use). | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Registration plate not readable (when not in use).", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-6-registration-plate-not-readable-when-not-in-use.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-6-registration-plate-not-readable-when-not-in-use", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(f) | Obstruct registration plate or any lamp (when not in use) Registration plate not readable (when not in use). | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Registration plate not readable (when not in use). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Bearing housing fractured or insecure.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Bearing housing fractured or insecure. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Bearing housing fractured or insecure.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-7-bearing-housing-fractured-or-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-7-bearing-housing-fractured-or-insecure", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(f) | Bearing housing fractured or insecure. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Bearing housing fractured or insecure. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Bearing housing fractured or insecure. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-6-1-7-very-serious-risk-of-loosening-or-cracking", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(f) | Bearing housing fractured or insecure. Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Very serious risk of loosening or cracking. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-10-size-of-tyres-not-compatible-with-calibration-parameters.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-10-size-of-tyres-not-compatible-with-calibration-parameters", "item_name": "Speed limitation device (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.10", "source_quote": "(f) | Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.12\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-12-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-12-system-indicates-failure-via-the-electronic-vehicle-interface", "item_name": "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) if fitted/required", "item_number": "7.12", "source_quote": "(f) | System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "System indicates failure via the electronic vehicle interface. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7.9\n\n**Defect reference:** (f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tachograph (if fitted/required)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (f) | Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters.", "defect_reference": "(f)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-9-size-of-tyres-not-compatible-with-calibration-parameters.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-f-7-9-size-of-tyres-not-compatible-with-calibration-parameters", "item_name": "Tachograph (if fitted/required)", "item_number": "7.9", "source_quote": "(f) | Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Size of tyres not compatible with calibration parameters. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device. | | X | |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-1-1-10-incorrect-functioning-of-brake-fluid-level-warning-device.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-1-1-10-incorrect-functioning-of-brake-fluid-level-warning-device", "item_name": "Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)", "item_number": "1.1.10", "source_quote": "(g) | Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device. | | X | |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover damaged or deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Dust cover damaged or deteriorated. Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Dust cover damaged or deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-3-dust-cover-damaged-or-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-3-dust-cover-damaged-or-deteriorated", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(g) | Dust cover damaged or deteriorated. Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover damaged or deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Dust cover damaged or deteriorated. Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-3-dust-cover-missing-or-severely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-3-dust-cover-missing-or-severely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Steering linkage condition", "item_number": "2.1.3", "source_quote": "(g) | Dust cover damaged or deteriorated. Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover missing or severely deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-5-cables-hoses-damaged-excessively-corroded.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-5-cables-hoses-damaged-excessively-corroded", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(g) | Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Steering affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Power steering\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. Steering affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Steering affected.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-5-steering-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-2-1-5-steering-affected", "item_name": "Power steering", "item_number": "2.1.5", "source_quote": "(g) | Cables/hoses damaged, excessively corroded. Steering affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Cord protection layer affected.\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 . Cord protection layer affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Cord protection layer affected.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-5-2-3-cord-protection-layer-affected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-5-2-3-cord-protection-layer-affected", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(g) | Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 . Cord protection layer affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cord protection layer affected. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 .\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 . Cord protection layer affected. | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 .", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-5-2-3-re-grooved-tyres-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-5-2-3-re-grooved-tyres-not-in-accordance-with-requirements-1", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(g) | Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 . Cord protection layer affected. | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 . \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts).\n\n**Category:** Dangerous\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts). Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Dangerous", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts).", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-3-primary-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-3-primary-parts", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(g) | Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts). Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts).\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts). Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts). | | | X | X\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts).", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-3-secondary-parts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-6-unsafe-modification-3-secondary-parts", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(g) | Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts). Unsafe modification 3 (primary parts). | | | X | X", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unsafe modification 3 (secondary parts). \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover missing or fractured.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Dust cover missing or fractured.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-7-dust-cover-missing-or-fractured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-7-dust-cover-missing-or-fractured", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(g) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover missing or fractured. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Dust cover severely deteriorated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (g)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (g) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Dust cover severely deteriorated.", "defect_reference": "(g)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-7-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-g-6-1-7-dust-cover-severely-deteriorated", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(g) | Dust cover severely deteriorated. Dust cover missing or fractured. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Dust cover severely deteriorated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Obviously inoperative.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated. Obviously inoperative. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Obviously inoperative.", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-5-2-3-obviously-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-5-2-3-obviously-inoperative", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated. Obviously inoperative. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Obviously inoperative. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated.\n\n**Category:** Minor\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tyres\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated. Obviously inoperative. | | X | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Minor", "defect": "Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated.", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-5-2-3-tyre-pressure-monitoring-system-malfunctioning-or-tyre-obviously-underinflated.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-5-2-3-tyre-pressure-monitoring-system-malfunctioning-or-tyre-obviously-underinflated", "item_name": "Tyres", "item_number": "5.2.3", "source_quote": "(h) | Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated. Obviously inoperative. | | X | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Coupling too weak.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Mechanical coupling and towing device\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (h) | Coupling too weak. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Coupling too weak.", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-6-1-6-coupling-too-weak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-6-1-6-coupling-too-weak", "item_name": "Mechanical coupling and towing device", "item_number": "6.1.6", "source_quote": "(h) | Coupling too weak. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Coupling too weak. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I", "body": "**Defect:** Illegal power-train modification.\n\n**Category:** Major\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7\n\n**Defect reference:** (h)\n\n**Inspection item:** Transmission\n\n**Authority:** EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I\n\n> (h) | Illegal power-train modification. | | | X |\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Major", "defect": "Illegal power-train modification.", "defect_reference": "(h)", "file": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-6-1-7-illegal-power-train-modification.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "eu-directive-2014-45-eu-annex-i-h-6-1-7-illegal-power-train-modification", "item_name": "Transmission", "item_number": "6.1.7", "source_quote": "(h) | Illegal power-train modification. | | | X |", "sources": ["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0045"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Illegal power-train modification. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any crack, discoloration or vision reducing matter except: (1) coloring or tinting applied at time of manufacture; (2) any crack not over 1/4 inch wide, if not intersected by any other crack; (3) any damaged area not more than 3/4 inch in diameter, if not closer than 3 inches to any other such damaged area; (4) labels, stickers, decalcomania, etc.\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 12\n\n**Defect reference:** 12.\n\n**Inspection item:** Windshield Glazing\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> 12. Windshield Glazing. (Not including a 2 inch border at the top, a 1 inch border at each side and the area below the topmost portion of the steering wheel.) Any crack, discoloration or vision reducing matter except: (1) coloring or tinting applied at time of manufacture; (2) any crack not over 1/4 inch wide, if not intersected by any other crack; (3) any damaged area not more than 3/4 inch in diameter, if not closer than 3 inches to any other such damaged area; (4) labels, stickers, decalcomania, etc.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any crack, discoloration or vision reducing matter except: (1) coloring or tinting applied at time of manufacture; (2) any crack not over 1/4 inch wide, if not intersected by any other crack; (3) any damaged area not more than 3/4 inch in diameter, if not closer than 3 inches to any other such damaged area; (4) labels, stickers, decalcomania, etc.", "defect_reference": "12.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-12-12-any-crack-discoloration-or-vision-reducing-matter-except-1-coloring-or-tinting-a.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-12-12-any-crack-discoloration-or-vision-reducing-matter-except-1-coloring-or-tinting-a", "item_name": "Windshield Glazing", "item_number": "12", "source_quote": "12. Windshield Glazing. (Not including a 2 inch border at the top, a 1 inch border at each side and the area below the topmost portion of the steering wheel.) Any crack, discoloration or vision reducing matter except: (1) coloring or tinting applied at time of manufacture; (2) any crack not over 1/4 inch wide, if not intersected by any other crack; (3) any damaged area not more than 3/4 inch in diameter, if not closer than 3 inches to any other such damaged area; (4) labels, stickers, decalcomania, etc.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any crack, discoloration or vision reducing matter except: (1) coloring or tinting applied at time of manufacture; (2) any crack not over 1/4 inch wide, if not intersected by any other crack; (3) any damaged area not more than 3/4 inch in diameter, if not closer than 3 inches to any other such damaged area; (4) labels, stickers, decalcomania, etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper, or missing or damaged parts that render it ineffective\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 13\n\n**Defect reference:** 13.\n\n**Inspection item:** Windshield Wipers\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> 13. Windshield Wipers. Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper, or missing or damaged parts that render it ineffective.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper, or missing or damaged parts that render it ineffective", "defect_reference": "13.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-13-13-any-power-unit-that-has-an-inoperative-wiper-or-missing-or-damaged-parts-that-re.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-13-13-any-power-unit-that-has-an-inoperative-wiper-or-missing-or-damaged-parts-that-re", "item_name": "Windshield Wipers", "item_number": "13", "source_quote": "13. Windshield Wipers. Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper, or missing or damaged parts that render it ineffective.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper, or missing or damaged parts that render it ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** All lighting devices and reflectors required by part 393 shall be operable\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 5\n\n**Defect reference:** 5.\n\n**Inspection item:** Lighting Devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> 5. Lighting Devices. All lighting devices and reflectors required by part 393 shall be operable.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "All lighting devices and reflectors required by part 393 shall be operable", "defect_reference": "5.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-5-5-all-lighting-devices-and-reflectors-required-by-part-393-shall-be-operable.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-5-5-all-lighting-devices-and-reflectors-required-by-part-393-shall-be-operable", "item_name": "Lighting Devices", "item_number": "5", "source_quote": "5. Lighting Devices. All lighting devices and reflectors required by part 393 shall be operable.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "All lighting devices and reflectors required by part 393 shall be operable \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Absence of braking action on any axle required to have brakes upon application of the service brakes (such as missing brakes or brake shoe(s) failing to move upon application of a wedge, S-cam, cam, or disc brake)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Absence of braking action on any axle required to have brakes upon application of the service brakes (such as missing brakes or brake shoe(s) failing to move upon application of a wedge, S-cam, cam, or disc brake).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Absence of braking action on any axle required to have brakes upon application of the service brakes (such as missing brakes or brake shoe(s) failing to move upon application of a wedge, S-cam, cam, or disc brake)", "defect_reference": "a.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-1-absence-of-braking-action-on-any-axle-required-to-have-brakes-upon-application-o.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-1-absence-of-braking-action-on-any-axle-required-to-have-brakes-upon-application-o", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(1) Absence of braking action on any axle required to have brakes upon application of the service brakes (such as missing brakes or brake shoe(s) failing to move upon application of a wedge, S-cam, cam, or disc brake).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Absence of braking action on any axle required to have brakes upon application of the service brakes (such as missing brakes or brake shoe(s) failing to move upon application of a wedge, S-cam, cam, or disc brake) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** With less than 4/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Any tire on any steering axle of a power unit. (1) With less than 4/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "With less than 4/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove", "defect_reference": "a.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-10-with-less-than-4-32-inch-tread-when-measured-at-any-point-on-a-major-tread-groov.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-10-with-less-than-4-32-inch-tread-when-measured-at-any-point-on-a-major-tread-groov", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "a. Any tire on any steering axle of a power unit. (1) With less than 4/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "With less than 4/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing guard\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Missing guard. (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing guard", "defect_reference": "a.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-15-missing-guard.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-15-missing-guard", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(1) Missing guard. (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing guard \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracked, broken, loose, or sagging frame member\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Frame\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Frame Members. (1) Any cracked, broken, loose, or sagging frame member.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracked, broken, loose, or sagging frame member", "defect_reference": "a.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-9-any-cracked-broken-loose-or-sagging-frame-member.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-9-any-cracked-broken-loose-or-sagging-frame-member", "item_name": "Frame", "item_number": "9", "source_quote": "a. Frame Members. (1) Any cracked, broken, loose, or sagging frame member.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracked, broken, loose, or sagging frame member \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any fasteners missing or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Mounting to frame. (a) Any fasteners missing or ineffective.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any fasteners missing or ineffective", "defect_reference": "a.(1)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-a-2-any-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-a-2-any-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Mounting to frame. (a) Any fasteners missing or ineffective.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any fasteners missing or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any movement between mounting components\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Any movement between mounting components.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any movement between mounting components", "defect_reference": "a.(1)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-b-2-any-movement-between-mounting-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-b-2-any-movement-between-mounting-components", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Any movement between mounting components.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any movement between mounting components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any mounting angle iron cracked or broken\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(1)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Any mounting angle iron cracked or broken.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any mounting angle iron cracked or broken", "defect_reference": "a.(1)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-c-2-any-mounting-angle-iron-cracked-or-broken.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-c-2-any-mounting-angle-iron-cracked-or-broken", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Any mounting angle iron cracked or broken.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any mounting angle iron cracked or broken \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Wedge Brake Data\u2014Movement of the scribe mark on the lining shall not exceed 1/16 inch\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> Wedge Brake Data\u2014Movement of the scribe mark on the lining shall not exceed 1/16 inch.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Wedge Brake Data\u2014Movement of the scribe mark on the lining shall not exceed 1/16 inch", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-wedge-brake-data-movement-of-the-scribe-mark-on-the-lining-shall-not-exceed-1-16.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-1-wedge-brake-data-movement-of-the-scribe-mark-on-the-lining-shall-not-exceed-1-16", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "Wedge Brake Data\u2014Movement of the scribe mark on the lining shall not exceed 1/16 inch.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Wedge Brake Data\u2014Movement of the scribe mark on the lining shall not exceed 1/16 inch \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Boot, blowout patch or other ply repair\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(10)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (10) Boot, blowout patch or other ply repair.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Boot, blowout patch or other ply repair", "defect_reference": "a.(10)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-10-10-boot-blowout-patch-or-other-ply-repair.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-10-10-boot-blowout-patch-or-other-ply-repair", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(10) Boot, blowout patch or other ply repair.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Boot, blowout patch or other ply repair \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(11)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (11) Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure", "defect_reference": "a.(11)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-11-10-weight-carried-exceeds-tire-load-limit-this-includes-overloaded-tire-resulting-f.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-11-10-weight-carried-exceeds-tire-load-limit-this-includes-overloaded-tire-resulting-f", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(11) Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung or mismatched ring(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Lock or Side Ring. Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung or mismatched ring(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung or mismatched ring(s)", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-11-bent-broken-cracked-improperly-seated-sprung-or-mismatched-ring-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-11-bent-broken-cracked-improperly-seated-sprung-or-mismatched-ring-s", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "a. Lock or Side Ring. Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung or mismatched ring(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung or mismatched ring(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(12)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (12) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak", "defect_reference": "a.(12)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-12-10-tire-is-flat-or-has-noticeable-e-g-can-be-heard-or-felt-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-12-10-tire-is-flat-or-has-noticeable-e-g-can-be-heard-or-felt-leak", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(12) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any bus equipped with recapped or retreaded tire(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(13)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (13) Any bus equipped with recapped or retreaded tire(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any bus equipped with recapped or retreaded tire(s)", "defect_reference": "a.(13)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-13-10-any-bus-equipped-with-recapped-or-retreaded-tire-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-13-10-any-bus-equipped-with-recapped-or-retreaded-tire-s", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(13) Any bus equipped with recapped or retreaded tire(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any bus equipped with recapped or retreaded tire(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(14)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (14) So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "a.(14)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-14-10-so-mounted-or-inflated-that-it-comes-in-contact-with-any-part-of-the-vehicle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-14-10-so-mounted-or-inflated-that-it-comes-in-contact-with-any-part-of-the-vehicle", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(14) So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any passenger seat that is not securely fastened to the vehicle structure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 14\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Motorcoach Seats\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Any passenger seat that is not securely fastened to the vehicle structure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any passenger seat that is not securely fastened to the vehicle structure", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-14-any-passenger-seat-that-is-not-securely-fastened-to-the-vehicle-structure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-14-any-passenger-seat-that-is-not-securely-fastened-to-the-vehicle-structure", "item_name": "Motorcoach Seats", "item_number": "14", "source_quote": "a. Any passenger seat that is not securely fastened to the vehicle structure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any passenger seat that is not securely fastened to the vehicle structure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or broken mechanical components including: shoes, lining, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers, push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Missing or broken mechanical components including: shoes, lining, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers, push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing or broken mechanical components including: shoes, lining, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers, push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts", "defect_reference": "a.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-1-missing-or-broken-mechanical-components-including-shoes-lining-pads-springs-anch.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-1-missing-or-broken-mechanical-components-including-shoes-lining-pads-springs-anch", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Missing or broken mechanical components including: shoes, lining, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers, push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or broken mechanical components including: shoes, lining, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers, push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall", "defect_reference": "a.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-10-has-body-ply-or-belt-material-exposed-through-the-tread-or-sidewall.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-10-has-body-ply-or-belt-material-exposed-through-the-tread-or-sidewall", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(2) Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard", "defect_reference": "a.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-15-guard-is-not-securely-attached-to-trailer-including-broken-or-missing-fasteners-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-15-guard-is-not-securely-attached-to-trailer-including-broken-or-missing-fasteners-", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard is not securely attached to trailer , including broken or missing fasteners, any welds or parent metal cracked, or other damage that compromises secure attachment of the guard \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any loose or missing fasteners including fasteners attaching functional component such as engine, transmission, steering gear, suspension, body parts, and fifth wheel\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Frame\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any loose or missing fasteners including fasteners attaching functional component such as engine, transmission, steering gear, suspension, body parts, and fifth wheel.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any loose or missing fasteners including fasteners attaching functional component such as engine, transmission, steering gear, suspension, body parts, and fifth wheel", "defect_reference": "a.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-9-any-loose-or-missing-fasteners-including-fasteners-attaching-functional-componen.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-9-any-loose-or-missing-fasteners-including-fasteners-attaching-functional-componen", "item_name": "Frame", "item_number": "9", "source_quote": "(2) Any loose or missing fasteners including fasteners attaching functional component such as engine, transmission, steering gear, suspension, body parts, and fifth wheel.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any loose or missing fasteners including fasteners attaching functional component such as engine, transmission, steering gear, suspension, body parts, and fifth wheel \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any fasteners missing or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Mounting plates and pivot brackets. (a) Any fasteners missing or ineffective.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any fasteners missing or ineffective", "defect_reference": "a.(2)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-a-2-any-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-a-2-any-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(2) Mounting plates and pivot brackets. (a) Any fasteners missing or ineffective.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any fasteners missing or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any welds or parent metal cracked\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Any welds or parent metal cracked.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any welds or parent metal cracked", "defect_reference": "a.(2)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-b-2-any-welds-or-parent-metal-cracked.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-b-2-any-welds-or-parent-metal-cracked", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Any welds or parent metal cracked.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any welds or parent metal cracked \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement between pivot bracket pin and bracket\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement between pivot bracket pin and bracket.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement between pivot bracket pin and bracket", "defect_reference": "a.(2)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-c-2-more-than-3-8-inch-horizontal-movement-between-pivot-bracket-pin-and-bracket.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-c-2-more-than-3-8-inch-horizontal-movement-between-pivot-bracket-pin-and-bracket", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement between pivot bracket pin and bracket.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement between pivot bracket pin and bracket \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(2)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured", "defect_reference": "a.(2)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-d-2-pivot-bracket-pin-missing-or-not-secured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-2-d-2-pivot-bracket-pin-missing-or-not-secured", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Loose brake components including air chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Loose brake components including air chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Loose brake components including air chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets", "defect_reference": "a.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-1-loose-brake-components-including-air-chambers-spiders-and-cam-shaft-support-brac.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-1-loose-brake-components-including-air-chambers-spiders-and-cam-shaft-support-brac", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Loose brake components including air chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose brake components including air chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has any tread or sidewall separation\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Has any tread or sidewall separation.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has any tread or sidewall separation", "defect_reference": "a.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-10-has-any-tread-or-sidewall-separation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-10-has-any-tread-or-sidewall-separation", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(3) Has any tread or sidewall separation.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has any tread or sidewall separation \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 100 mm (4 inches) of each, or extends beyond either, side extremity of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 100 mm (4 inches) of each, or extends beyond either, side extremity of the vehicle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 100 mm (4 inches) of each, or extends beyond either, side extremity of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "a.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-extend-to-within-100-mm-4-inches-of-each-or-ext.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-extend-to-within-100-mm-4-inches-of-each-or-ext", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(3) Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 100 mm (4 inches) of each, or extends beyond either, side extremity of the vehicle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 100 mm (4 inches) of each, or extends beyond either, side extremity of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any latching fasteners missing or ineffective\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Sliders. (a) Any latching fasteners missing or ineffective.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any latching fasteners missing or ineffective", "defect_reference": "a.(3)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-a-2-any-latching-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-a-2-any-latching-fasteners-missing-or-ineffective", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(3) Sliders. (a) Any latching fasteners missing or ineffective.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any latching fasteners missing or ineffective \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any exhaust system determined to be leaking at a point forward of or directly below the driver/sleeper compartment\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Any exhaust system determined to be leaking at a point forward of or directly below the\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any exhaust system determined to be leaking at a point forward of or directly below the driver/sleeper compartment", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-any-exhaust-system-determined-to-be-leaking-at-a-point-forward-of-or-directly-be.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-any-exhaust-system-determined-to-be-leaking-at-a-point-forward-of-or-directly-be", "item_name": "Exhaust System", "item_number": "3", "source_quote": "a. Any exhaust system determined to be leaking at a point forward of or directly below the", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any exhaust system determined to be leaking at a point forward of or directly below the driver/sleeper compartment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect, item_number", "verified": false} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any fore or aft stop missing or not securely attached\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Any fore or aft stop missing or not securely attached.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any fore or aft stop missing or not securely attached", "defect_reference": "a.(3)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-b-2-any-fore-or-aft-stop-missing-or-not-securely-attached.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-b-2-any-fore-or-aft-stop-missing-or-not-securely-attached", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Any fore or aft stop missing or not securely attached.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any fore or aft stop missing or not securely attached \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Movement more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Movement more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Movement more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base", "defect_reference": "a.(3)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-c-2-movement-more-than-3-8-inch-between-slider-bracket-and-slider-base.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-c-2-movement-more-than-3-8-inch-between-slider-bracket-and-slider-base", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Movement more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Movement more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any slider component cracked in parent metal or weld\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(3)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Any slider component cracked in parent metal or weld.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any slider component cracked in parent metal or weld", "defect_reference": "a.(3)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-d-2-any-slider-component-cracked-in-parent-metal-or-weld.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-3-d-2-any-slider-component-cracked-in-parent-metal-or-weld", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Any slider component cracked in parent metal or weld.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any slider component cracked in parent metal or weld \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Audible air leak at brake chamber (Example-ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Audible air leak at brake chamber (Example-ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Audible air leak at brake chamber (Example-ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.)", "defect_reference": "a.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-1-audible-air-leak-at-brake-chamber-example-ruptured-diaphragm-loose-chamber-clamp.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-1-audible-air-leak-at-brake-chamber-example-ruptured-diaphragm-loose-chamber-clamp", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(4) Audible air leak at brake chamber (Example-ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Audible air leak at brake chamber (Example-ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has a cut where the ply or belt material is exposed\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Has a cut where the ply or belt material is exposed.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has a cut where the ply or belt material is exposed", "defect_reference": "a.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-10-has-a-cut-where-the-ply-or-belt-material-is-exposed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-10-has-a-cut-where-the-ply-or-belt-material-is-exposed", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(4) Has a cut where the ply or belt material is exposed.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has a cut where the ply or belt material is exposed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member is more than 560 mm (22 inches) above the ground\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Guard horizontal member is more than 560 mm (22 inches) above the ground.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member is more than 560 mm (22 inches) above the ground", "defect_reference": "a.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-560-mm-22-inches-above-the-ground.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-560-mm-22-inches-above-the-ground", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(4) Guard horizontal member is more than 560 mm (22 inches) above the ground.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member is more than 560 mm (22 inches) above the ground \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Horizontal movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Lower coupler. (a) Horizontal movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Horizontal movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-a-2-horizontal-movement-between-the-upper-and-lower-fifth-wheel-halves-exceeds-1-2-i.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-a-2-horizontal-movement-between-the-upper-and-lower-fifth-wheel-halves-exceeds-1-2-i", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(4) Lower coupler. (a) Horizontal movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Horizontal movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** A fuel system with a visable leak at any point\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. A fuel system with a visable leak at any point.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "A fuel system with a visable leak at any point", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-a-fuel-system-with-a-visable-leak-at-any-point.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-a-fuel-system-with-a-visable-leak-at-any-point", "item_name": "Fuel System", "item_number": "4", "source_quote": "a. A fuel system with a visable leak at any point.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A fuel system with a visable leak at any point \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Operating handle not in closed or locked position\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Operating handle not in closed or locked position.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Operating handle not in closed or locked position", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-b-2-operating-handle-not-in-closed-or-locked-position.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-b-2-operating-handle-not-in-closed-or-locked-position", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Operating handle not in closed or locked position.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Operating handle not in closed or locked position \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Kingpin not properly engaged\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Kingpin not properly engaged.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Kingpin not properly engaged", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-c-2-kingpin-not-properly-engaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-c-2-kingpin-not-properly-engaged", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Kingpin not properly engaged.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Kingpin not properly engaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Separation between upper and lower coupler allowing light to show through from side to side\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Separation between upper and lower coupler allowing light to show through from side to side.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Separation between upper and lower coupler allowing light to show through from side to side", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-d-2-separation-between-upper-and-lower-coupler-allowing-light-to-show-through-from-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-d-2-separation-between-upper-and-lower-coupler-allowing-light-to-show-through-from-s", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Separation between upper and lower coupler allowing light to show through from side to side.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Separation between upper and lower coupler allowing light to show through from side to side \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Cracks in the fifth wheel plate\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(e)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (e) Cracks in the fifth wheel plate.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Cracks in the fifth wheel plate", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(e)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-e-2-cracks-in-the-fifth-wheel-plate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-e-2-cracks-in-the-fifth-wheel-plate", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(e) Cracks in the fifth wheel plate.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracks in the fifth wheel plate \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the extent the kingpin is not securely held\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(4)(f)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (f) Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the extent the kingpin is not securely held.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the extent the kingpin is not securely held", "defect_reference": "a.(4)(f)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-f-2-locking-mechanism-parts-missing-broken-or-deformed-to-the-extent-the-kingpin-is-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-4-f-2-locking-mechanism-parts-missing-broken-or-deformed-to-the-extent-the-kingpin-is-", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(f) Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the extent the kingpin is not securely held.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the extent the kingpin is not securely held \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Highway Use\u201d or displaying other marking which would exclude use on steering axle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> Highway Use\u201d or displaying other marking which would exclude use on steering axle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Highway Use\u201d or displaying other marking which would exclude use on steering axle", "defect_reference": "a.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-10-highway-use-or-displaying-other-marking-which-would-exclude-use-on-steering-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-10-highway-use-or-displaying-other-marking-which-would-exclude-use-on-steering-axle", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "Highway Use\u201d or displaying other marking which would exclude use on steering axle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Highway Use\u201d or displaying other marking which would exclude use on steering axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member is more than 305 mm (12 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) Guard horizontal member is more than 305 mm (12 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member is more than 305 mm (12 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "a.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-305-mm-12-inches-forward-of-the-rear-extrem.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-305-mm-12-inches-forward-of-the-rear-extrem", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(5) Guard horizontal member is more than 305 mm (12 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member is more than 305 mm (12 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any brake stroke exceeding the readjustment limit will be rejected\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(5)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> Any brake stroke exceeding the readjustment limit will be rejected. Stroke must be measured with engine off and reservoir pressure of 80 to 90 psi with brakes fully applied.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any brake stroke exceeding the readjustment limit will be rejected", "defect_reference": "a.(5)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-a-1-any-brake-stroke-exceeding-the-readjustment-limit-will-be-rejected.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-a-1-any-brake-stroke-exceeding-the-readjustment-limit-will-be-rejected", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "Any brake stroke exceeding the readjustment limit will be rejected. Stroke must be measured with engine off and reservoir pressure of 80 to 90 psi with brakes fully applied.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any brake stroke exceeding the readjustment limit will be rejected \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** For actuator types not listed in these tables, the pushrod stroke must not be greater than 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer, or greater than the readjustment limit marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(5)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) For actuator types not listed in these tables, the pushrod stroke must not be greater than 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer, or greater than the readjustment limit marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "For actuator types not listed in these tables, the pushrod stroke must not be greater than 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer, or greater than the readjustment limit marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer", "defect_reference": "a.(5)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-b-1-for-actuator-types-not-listed-in-these-tables-the-pushrod-stroke-must-not-be-gre.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-5-b-1-for-actuator-types-not-listed-in-these-tables-the-pushrod-stroke-must-not-be-gre", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(b) For actuator types not listed in these tables, the pushrod stroke must not be greater than 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer, or greater than the readjustment limit marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "For actuator types not listed in these tables, the pushrod stroke must not be greater than 80 percent of the rated stroke marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer, or greater than the readjustment limit marked on the actuator by the actuator manufacturer \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word \u201cradial\u201d embossed in metal stems, or the word \u201cradial\u201d molded in rubber stems\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word \u201cradial\u201d embossed in metal stems, or the word \u201cradial\u201d molded in rubber stems.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word \u201cradial\u201d embossed in metal stems, or the word \u201cradial\u201d molded in rubber stems", "defect_reference": "a.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-10-a-tube-type-radial-tire-without-radial-tube-stem-markings-these-markings-include.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-10-a-tube-type-radial-tire-without-radial-tube-stem-markings-these-markings-include", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(6) A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word \u201cradial\u201d embossed in metal stems, or the word \u201cradial\u201d molded in rubber stems.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word \u201cradial\u201d embossed in metal stems, or the word \u201cradial\u201d molded in rubber stems \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member does not have a cross sectional vertical height of at least 100 mm (4 inches) across its entire width\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) Guard horizontal member does not have a cross sectional vertical height of at least 100 mm (4 inches) across its entire width.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member does not have a cross sectional vertical height of at least 100 mm (4 inches) across its entire width", "defect_reference": "a.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-have-a-cross-sectional-vertical-height-of-at-le.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-have-a-cross-sectional-vertical-height-of-at-le", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(6) Guard horizontal member does not have a cross sectional vertical height of at least 100 mm (4 inches) across its entire width.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member does not have a cross sectional vertical height of at least 100 mm (4 inches) across its entire width \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Lining or pad is not firmly attached to the shoe\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) Brake linings or pads. (a) Lining or pad is not firmly attached to the shoe;\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Lining or pad is not firmly attached to the shoe", "defect_reference": "a.(6)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-a-1-lining-or-pad-is-not-firmly-attached-to-the-shoe.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-a-1-lining-or-pad-is-not-firmly-attached-to-the-shoe", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(6) Brake linings or pads. (a) Lining or pad is not firmly attached to the shoe;", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lining or pad is not firmly attached to the shoe \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid; or\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid", "defect_reference": "a.(6)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-b-1-saturated-with-oil-grease-or-brake-fluid.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-b-1-saturated-with-oil-grease-or-brake-fluid", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(b) Saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid; or", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Non-steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for air drum brakes, 1/16 inch or less at the shoe center for hydraulic and electric drum brakes, and less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Non-steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for air drum brakes, 1/16 inch or less at the shoe center for hydraulic and electric drum brakes, and less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Non-steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for air drum brakes, 1/16 inch or less at the shoe center for hydraulic and electric drum brakes, and less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes", "defect_reference": "a.(6)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-c-1-non-steering-axles-lining-with-a-thickness-less-than-1-4-inch-at-the-shoe-center.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-c-1-non-steering-axles-lining-with-a-thickness-less-than-1-4-inch-at-the-shoe-center", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(c) Non-steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for air drum brakes, 1/16 inch or less at the shoe center for hydraulic and electric drum brakes, and less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Non-steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for air drum brakes, 1/16 inch or less at the shoe center for hydraulic and electric drum brakes, and less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for drum brakes, less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc and electric brakes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(6)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for drum brakes, less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc and electric brakes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for drum brakes, less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc and electric brakes", "defect_reference": "a.(6)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-d-1-steering-axles-lining-with-a-thickness-less-than-1-4-inch-at-the-shoe-center-for.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-d-1-steering-axles-lining-with-a-thickness-less-than-1-4-inch-at-the-shoe-center-for", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(d) Steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for drum brakes, less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc and electric brakes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering axles: Lining with a thickness less than 1/4 inch at the shoe center for drum brakes, less than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc and electric brakes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Part(s) of vehicle or condition of loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load or dunnage can fall onto the roadway\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Safe Loading\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Part(s) of vehicle or condition of loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load or dunnage can fall onto the roadway.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Part(s) of vehicle or condition of loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load or dunnage can fall onto the roadway", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-part-s-of-vehicle-or-condition-of-loading-such-that-the-spare-tire-or-any-part-o.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-6-part-s-of-vehicle-or-condition-of-loading-such-that-the-spare-tire-or-any-part-o", "item_name": "Safe Loading", "item_number": "6", "source_quote": "a. Part(s) of vehicle or condition of loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load or dunnage can fall onto the roadway.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Part(s) of vehicle or condition of loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load or dunnage can fall onto the roadway \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing brake on any axle required to have brakes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(7)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (7) Missing brake on any axle required to have brakes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing brake on any axle required to have brakes", "defect_reference": "a.(7)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-7-1-missing-brake-on-any-axle-required-to-have-brakes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-7-1-missing-brake-on-any-axle-required-to-have-brakes", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(7) Missing brake on any axle required to have brakes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing brake on any axle required to have brakes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Mixing bias and radial tires on the same axle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(7)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (7) Mixing bias and radial tires on the same axle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Mixing bias and radial tires on the same axle", "defect_reference": "a.(7)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-7-10-mixing-bias-and-radial-tires-on-the-same-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-7-10-mixing-bias-and-radial-tires-on-the-same-axle", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(7) Mixing bias and radial tires on the same axle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mixing bias and radial tires on the same axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Mismatch across any power unit steering axle of: (a) Air chamber sizes. (b) Slack adjuster length\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(8)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (8) Mismatch across any power unit steering axle of: (a) Air chamber sizes. (b) Slack adjuster length.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Mismatch across any power unit steering axle of: (a) Air chamber sizes. (b) Slack adjuster length", "defect_reference": "a.(8)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-1-mismatch-across-any-power-unit-steering-axle-of-a-air-chamber-sizes-b-slack-adju.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-1-mismatch-across-any-power-unit-steering-axle-of-a-air-chamber-sizes-b-slack-adju", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(8) Mismatch across any power unit steering axle of: (a) Air chamber sizes. (b) Slack adjuster length.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mismatch across any power unit steering axle of: (a) Air chamber sizes. (b) Slack adjuster length \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Tire flap protrudes through valve slot in rim and touches stem\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(8)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (8) Tire flap protrudes through valve slot in rim and touches stem.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Tire flap protrudes through valve slot in rim and touches stem", "defect_reference": "a.(8)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-10-tire-flap-protrudes-through-valve-slot-in-rim-and-touches-stem.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-10-tire-flap-protrudes-through-valve-slot-in-rim-and-touches-stem", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(8) Tire flap protrudes through valve slot in rim and touches stem.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tire flap protrudes through valve slot in rim and touches stem \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any U-bolt(s), spring hanger(s), or other axle positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose or missing resulting in shifting of an axle from its normal position. (After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will cause the axle to return to alignment)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** a.\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> a. Any U-bolt(s), spring hanger(s), or other axle positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose or missing resulting in shifting of an axle from its normal position. (After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will cause the axle to return to alignment).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any U-bolt(s), spring hanger(s), or other axle positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose or missing resulting in shifting of an axle from its normal position. (After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will cause the axle to return to alignment)", "defect_reference": "a.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-any-u-bolt-s-spring-hanger-s-or-other-axle-positioning-part-s-cracked-broken-loo.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-8-any-u-bolt-s-spring-hanger-s-or-other-axle-positioning-part-s-cracked-broken-loo", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "a. Any U-bolt(s), spring hanger(s), or other axle positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose or missing resulting in shifting of an axle from its normal position. (After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will cause the axle to return to alignment).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any U-bolt(s), spring hanger(s), or other axle positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose or missing resulting in shifting of an axle from its normal position. (After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will cause the axle to return to alignment) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Regrooved tire except motor vehicles used solely in urban or suburban service\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** a.(9)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (9) Regrooved tire except motor vehicles used solely in urban or suburban service\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Regrooved tire except motor vehicles used solely in urban or suburban service", "defect_reference": "a.(9)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-9-10-regrooved-tire-except-motor-vehicles-used-solely-in-urban-or-suburban-service.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-a-9-10-regrooved-tire-except-motor-vehicles-used-solely-in-urban-or-suburban-service", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(9) Regrooved tire except motor vehicles used solely in urban or suburban service", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Regrooved tire except motor vehicles used solely in urban or suburban service \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. All tires other than those found on the steering axle of a power unit: (1) Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure", "defect_reference": "b.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-10-weight-carried-exceeds-tire-load-limit-this-includes-overloaded-tire-resulting-f.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-10-weight-carried-exceeds-tire-load-limit-this-includes-overloaded-tire-resulting-f", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "b. All tires other than those found on the steering axle of a power unit: (1) Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Weight carried exceeds tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing guard\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Missing guard. (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing guard", "defect_reference": "b.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-15-missing-guard.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-15-missing-guard", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(1) Missing guard. (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing guard \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Gasoline powered\u2014excess of 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Gasoline powered\u2014excess of 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus .\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Gasoline powered\u2014excess of 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus", "defect_reference": "b.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-3-gasoline-powered-excess-of-6-inches-forward-of-the-rearmost-part-of-the-bus.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-3-gasoline-powered-excess-of-6-inches-forward-of-the-rearmost-part-of-the-bus", "item_name": "Exhaust System", "item_number": "3", "source_quote": "(1) Gasoline powered\u2014excess of 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus .", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Gasoline powered\u2014excess of 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or positioning part(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Steering Column. (1) Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or positioning part(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or positioning part(s)", "defect_reference": "b.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-7-any-absence-or-looseness-of-u-bolt-s-or-positioning-part-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-7-any-absence-or-looseness-of-u-bolt-s-or-positioning-part-s", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "b. Steering Column. (1) Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or positioning part(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or positioning part(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any leaves in a leaf spring assembly broken or missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Spring Assembly. (1) Any leaves in a leaf spring assembly broken or missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any leaves in a leaf spring assembly broken or missing", "defect_reference": "b.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-8-any-leaves-in-a-leaf-spring-assembly-broken-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-8-any-leaves-in-a-leaf-spring-assembly-broken-or-missing", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "b. Spring Assembly. (1) Any leaves in a leaf spring assembly broken or missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any leaves in a leaf spring assembly broken or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any missing or ineffective fasteners (a fastener is not considered missing if there is an empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame or vice versa)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Mounting to frame. (a) Any missing or ineffective fasteners (a fastener is not considered missing if there is an empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame or vice versa).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners (a fastener is not considered missing if there is an empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame or vice versa)", "defect_reference": "b.(1)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-a-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners-a-fastener-is-not-considered-missing-if-the.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-a-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners-a-fastener-is-not-considered-missing-if-the", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Mounting to frame. (a) Any missing or ineffective fasteners (a fastener is not considered missing if there is an empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame or vice versa).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners (a fastener is not considered missing if there is an empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame or vice versa) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Mounting surface cracks extending from point of attachment (e.g., cracks in the frame at mounting bolt holes)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Mounting surface cracks extending from point of attachment (e.g., cracks in the frame at mounting bolt holes).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Mounting surface cracks extending from point of attachment (e.g., cracks in the frame at mounting bolt holes)", "defect_reference": "b.(1)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-b-2-mounting-surface-cracks-extending-from-point-of-attachment-e-g-cracks-in-the-fra.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-b-2-mounting-surface-cracks-extending-from-point-of-attachment-e-g-cracks-in-the-fra", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Mounting surface cracks extending from point of attachment (e.g., cracks in the frame at mounting bolt holes).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Mounting surface cracks extending from point of attachment (e.g., cracks in the frame at mounting bolt holes) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Loose mounting\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Loose mounting.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Loose mounting", "defect_reference": "b.(1)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-c-2-loose-mounting.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-c-2-loose-mounting", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Loose mounting.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose mounting \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Frame cross member providing pintle hook attachment cracked\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(1)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Frame cross member providing pintle hook attachment cracked.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Frame cross member providing pintle hook attachment cracked", "defect_reference": "b.(1)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-d-2-frame-cross-member-providing-pintle-hook-attachment-cracked.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-d-2-frame-cross-member-providing-pintle-hook-attachment-cracked", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Frame cross member providing pintle hook attachment cracked.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Frame cross member providing pintle hook attachment cracked \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** No brakes on the vehicle or combination are applied upon actuation of the parking brake control, including driveline hand controlled parking brakes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** b.\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Parking Brake System. No brakes on the vehicle or combination are applied upon actuation of the parking brake control, including driveline hand controlled parking brakes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "No brakes on the vehicle or combination are applied upon actuation of the parking brake control, including driveline hand controlled parking brakes", "defect_reference": "b.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-no-brakes-on-the-vehicle-or-combination-are-applied-upon-actuation-of-the-parkin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-1-no-brakes-on-the-vehicle-or-combination-are-applied-upon-actuation-of-the-parkin", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "b. Parking Brake System. No brakes on the vehicle or combination are applied upon actuation of the parking brake control, including driveline hand controlled parking brakes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No brakes on the vehicle or combination are applied upon actuation of the parking brake control, including driveline hand controlled parking brakes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Cracked or broken or has elongated bolt holes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** b.\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Wheels and rims. Cracked or broken or has elongated bolt holes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Cracked or broken or has elongated bolt holes", "defect_reference": "b.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-11-cracked-or-broken-or-has-elongated-bolt-holes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-11-cracked-or-broken-or-has-elongated-bolt-holes", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "b. Wheels and rims. Cracked or broken or has elongated bolt holes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracked or broken or has elongated bolt holes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak", "defect_reference": "b.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-10-tire-is-flat-or-has-noticeable-e-g-can-be-heard-or-felt-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-10-tire-is-flat-or-has-noticeable-e-g-can-be-heard-or-felt-leak", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(2) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can be heard or felt) leak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means", "defect_reference": "b.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-15-guard-is-not-securely-attached-to-trailer-by-bolts-welding-or-other-comparable-m.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-15-guard-is-not-securely-attached-to-trailer-by-bolts-welding-or-other-comparable-m", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(2) Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard is not securely attached to trailer by bolts, welding, or other comparable means \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Other than gasoline powered\u2014in excess of 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Other than gasoline powered\u2014in excess of 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus .\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Other than gasoline powered\u2014in excess of 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus", "defect_reference": "b.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-3-other-than-gasoline-powered-in-excess-of-15-inches-forward-of-the-rearmost-part-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-3-other-than-gasoline-powered-in-excess-of-15-inches-forward-of-the-rearmost-part-", "item_name": "Exhaust System", "item_number": "3", "source_quote": "(2) Other than gasoline powered\u2014in excess of 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus .", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other than gasoline powered\u2014in excess of 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Worn, faulty or obviously repair welded universal joint(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Worn, faulty or obviously repair welded universal joint(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Worn, faulty or obviously repair welded universal joint(s)", "defect_reference": "b.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-7-worn-faulty-or-obviously-repair-welded-universal-joint-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-7-worn-faulty-or-obviously-repair-welded-universal-joint-s", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(2) Worn, faulty or obviously repair welded universal joint(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Worn, faulty or obviously repair welded universal joint(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring assembly. (Includes assembly with more than one main spring)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring assembly. (Includes assembly with more than one main spring).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring assembly. (Includes assembly with more than one main spring)", "defect_reference": "b.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-8-any-broken-main-leaf-in-a-leaf-spring-assembly-includes-assembly-with-more-than-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-8-any-broken-main-leaf-in-a-leaf-spring-assembly-includes-assembly-with-more-than-", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(2) Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring assembly. (Includes assembly with more than one main spring).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring assembly. (Includes assembly with more than one main spring) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Cracks anywhere in pintle hook assembly\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Integrity. (a) Cracks anywhere in pintle hook assembly.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Cracks anywhere in pintle hook assembly", "defect_reference": "b.(2)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-a-2-cracks-anywhere-in-pintle-hook-assembly.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-a-2-cracks-anywhere-in-pintle-hook-assembly", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(2) Integrity. (a) Cracks anywhere in pintle hook assembly.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracks anywhere in pintle hook assembly \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any welded repairs to the pintle hook\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Any welded repairs to the pintle hook.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any welded repairs to the pintle hook", "defect_reference": "b.(2)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-b-2-any-welded-repairs-to-the-pintle-hook.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-b-2-any-welded-repairs-to-the-pintle-hook", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Any welded repairs to the pintle hook.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any welded repairs to the pintle hook \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of the horn section reduced by more than 20%\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Any part of the horn section reduced by more than 20%.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any part of the horn section reduced by more than 20%", "defect_reference": "b.(2)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-c-2-any-part-of-the-horn-section-reduced-by-more-than-20.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-c-2-any-part-of-the-horn-section-reduced-by-more-than-20", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Any part of the horn section reduced by more than 20%.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of the horn section reduced by more than 20% \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Latch insecure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(2)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Latch insecure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Latch insecure", "defect_reference": "b.(2)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-d-2-latch-insecure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-2-d-2-latch-insecure", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Latch insecure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Latch insecure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall", "defect_reference": "b.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-10-has-body-ply-or-belt-material-exposed-through-the-tread-or-sidewall.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-10-has-body-ply-or-belt-material-exposed-through-the-tread-or-sidewall", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(3) Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member is more than 762 mm (30 inches) above the ground\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Guard horizontal member is more than 762 mm (30 inches) above the ground.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member is more than 762 mm (30 inches) above the ground", "defect_reference": "b.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-762-mm-30-inches-above-the-ground.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-762-mm-30-inches-above-the-ground", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(3) Guard horizontal member is more than 762 mm (30 inches) above the ground.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member is more than 762 mm (30 inches) above the ground \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Other than gasoline powered\u2014forward of a door or window designed to be opened. ( exception : Emergency exits)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Other than gasoline powered\u2014forward of a door or window designed to be opened. ( exception : Emergency exits).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Other than gasoline powered\u2014forward of a door or window designed to be opened. ( exception : Emergency exits)", "defect_reference": "b.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-3-other-than-gasoline-powered-forward-of-a-door-or-window-designed-to-be-opened-ex.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-3-other-than-gasoline-powered-forward-of-a-door-or-window-designed-to-be-opened-ex", "item_name": "Exhaust System", "item_number": "3", "source_quote": "(3) Other than gasoline powered\u2014forward of a door or window designed to be opened. ( exception : Emergency exits).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other than gasoline powered\u2014forward of a door or window designed to be opened. ( exception : Emergency exits) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Steering wheel not properly secured\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Steering wheel not properly secured.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Steering wheel not properly secured", "defect_reference": "b.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-7-steering-wheel-not-properly-secured.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-7-steering-wheel-not-properly-secured", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(3) Steering wheel not properly secured.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Steering wheel not properly secured \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Coil spring broken\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Coil spring broken.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Coil spring broken", "defect_reference": "b.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-8-coil-spring-broken.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-3-8-coil-spring-broken", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(3) Coil spring broken.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Coil spring broken \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has any tread or sidewall separation\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Has any tread or sidewall separation.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has any tread or sidewall separation", "defect_reference": "b.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-10-has-any-tread-or-sidewall-separation.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-10-has-any-tread-or-sidewall-separation", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(4) Has any tread or sidewall separation.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has any tread or sidewall separation \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 457 mm (18 inches) of each side extremity of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 457 mm (18 inches) of each side extremity of the vehicle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 457 mm (18 inches) of each side extremity of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "b.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-extend-to-within-457-mm-18-inches-of-each-side-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-15-guard-horizontal-member-does-not-extend-to-within-457-mm-18-inches-of-each-side-", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(4) Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 457 mm (18 inches) of each side extremity of the vehicle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member does not extend to within 457 mm (18 inches) of each side extremity of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Rubber spring missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Rubber spring missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Rubber spring missing", "defect_reference": "b.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-8-rubber-spring-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-8-rubber-spring-missing", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(4) Rubber spring missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Rubber spring missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** A fuel tank filler cap missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4\n\n**Defect reference:** b.\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. A fuel tank filler cap missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "A fuel tank filler cap missing", "defect_reference": "b.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-a-fuel-tank-filler-cap-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-4-a-fuel-tank-filler-cap-missing", "item_name": "Fuel System", "item_number": "4", "source_quote": "b. A fuel tank filler cap missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A fuel tank filler cap missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has a cut where ply or belt material is exposed\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) Has a cut where ply or belt material is exposed.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has a cut where ply or belt material is exposed", "defect_reference": "b.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-10-has-a-cut-where-ply-or-belt-material-is-exposed.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-10-has-a-cut-where-ply-or-belt-material-is-exposed", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(5) Has a cut where ply or belt material is exposed.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has a cut where ply or belt material is exposed \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Guard horizontal member is more than 610 mm (24 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 15\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Rear Impact Guard\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) Guard horizontal member is more than 610 mm (24 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Guard horizontal member is more than 610 mm (24 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle", "defect_reference": "b.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-610-mm-24-inches-forward-of-the-rear-extrem.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-15-guard-horizontal-member-is-more-than-610-mm-24-inches-forward-of-the-rear-extrem", "item_name": "Rear Impact Guard", "item_number": "15", "source_quote": "(5) Guard horizontal member is more than 610 mm (24 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Guard horizontal member is more than 610 mm (24 inches) forward of the rear extremity of the vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** One or more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire, rim, brake drum or frame\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) One or more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire, rim, brake drum or frame.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "One or more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire, rim, brake drum or frame", "defect_reference": "b.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-8-one-or-more-leaves-displaced-in-a-manner-that-could-result-in-contact-with-a-tir.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-5-8-one-or-more-leaves-displaced-in-a-manner-that-could-result-in-contact-with-a-tir", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(5) One or more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire, rim, brake drum or frame.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "One or more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire, rim, brake drum or frame \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes a tire that contacts its mate.)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes a tire that contacts its mate.)\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes a tire that contacts its mate.)", "defect_reference": "b.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-10-so-mounted-or-inflated-that-it-comes-in-contact-with-any-part-of-the-vehicle-thi.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-10-so-mounted-or-inflated-that-it-comes-in-contact-with-any-part-of-the-vehicle-thi", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(6) So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes a tire that contacts its mate.)", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "So mounted or inflated that it comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes a tire that contacts its mate.) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Broken torsion bar spring in a torsion bar suspension\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) Broken torsion bar spring in a torsion bar suspension.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Broken torsion bar spring in a torsion bar suspension", "defect_reference": "b.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-8-broken-torsion-bar-spring-in-a-torsion-bar-suspension.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-8-broken-torsion-bar-spring-in-a-torsion-bar-suspension", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(6) Broken torsion bar spring in a torsion bar suspension.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Broken torsion bar spring in a torsion bar suspension \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Protection Against Shifting Cargo\u2014Any vehicle without a front-end structure or equivalent device as required\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6\n\n**Defect reference:** b.\n\n**Inspection item:** Safe Loading\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Protection Against Shifting Cargo\u2014Any vehicle without a front-end structure or equivalent device as required.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Protection Against Shifting Cargo\u2014Any vehicle without a front-end structure or equivalent device as required", "defect_reference": "b.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-protection-against-shifting-cargo-any-vehicle-without-a-front-end-structure-or-e.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-6-protection-against-shifting-cargo-any-vehicle-without-a-front-end-structure-or-e", "item_name": "Safe Loading", "item_number": "6", "source_quote": "b. Protection Against Shifting Cargo\u2014Any vehicle without a front-end structure or equivalent device as required.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Protection Against Shifting Cargo\u2014Any vehicle without a front-end structure or equivalent device as required \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Is marked \u201cNot for highway use\u201d or otherwise marked and having like meaning\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(7)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (7) Is marked \u201cNot for highway use\u201d or otherwise marked and having like meaning.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Is marked \u201cNot for highway use\u201d or otherwise marked and having like meaning", "defect_reference": "b.(7)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-7-10-is-marked-not-for-highway-use-or-otherwise-marked-and-having-like-meaning.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-7-10-is-marked-not-for-highway-use-or-otherwise-marked-and-having-like-meaning", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(7) Is marked \u201cNot for highway use\u201d or otherwise marked and having like meaning.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Is marked \u201cNot for highway use\u201d or otherwise marked and having like meaning \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Deflated air suspension, i.e., system failure, leak, etc.\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(7)\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (7) Deflated air suspension, i.e., system failure, leak, etc.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Deflated air suspension, i.e., system failure, leak, etc.", "defect_reference": "b.(7)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-7-8-deflated-air-suspension-i-e-system-failure-leak-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-7-8-deflated-air-suspension-i-e-system-failure-leak-etc", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "(7) Deflated air suspension, i.e., system failure, leak, etc.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Deflated air suspension, i.e., system failure, leak, etc. \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** With less than 2/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** b.(8)\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (8) With less than 2/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "With less than 2/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove", "defect_reference": "b.(8)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-8-10-with-less-than-2-32-inch-tread-when-measured-at-any-point-on-a-major-tread-groov.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-8-10-with-less-than-2-32-inch-tread-when-measured-at-any-point-on-a-major-tread-groov", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "(8) With less than 2/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "With less than 2/32 inch tread when measured at any point on a major tread groove \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any condition, including loading, that causes the body or frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9\n\n**Defect reference:** b.\n\n**Inspection item:** Frame\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> b. Tire and Wheel Clearance. Any condition, including loading, that causes the body or frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any condition, including loading, that causes the body or frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies", "defect_reference": "b.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-9-any-condition-including-loading-that-causes-the-body-or-frame-to-be-in-contact-w.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-b-9-any-condition-including-loading-that-causes-the-body-or-frame-to-be-in-contact-w", "item_name": "Frame", "item_number": "9", "source_quote": "b. Tire and Wheel Clearance. Any condition, including loading, that causes the body or frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any condition, including loading, that causes the body or frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** With any external crack or cracks that open upon brake application (do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with flexural cracks)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. Brake Drums or Rotors. (1) With any external crack or cracks that open upon brake application (do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with flexural cracks).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "With any external crack or cracks that open upon brake application (do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with flexural cracks)", "defect_reference": "c.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-1-with-any-external-crack-or-cracks-that-open-upon-brake-application-do-not-confus.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-1-with-any-external-crack-or-cracks-that-open-upon-brake-application-do-not-confus", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "c. Brake Drums or Rotors. (1) With any external crack or cracks that open upon brake application (do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with flexural cracks).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "With any external crack or cracks that open upon brake application (do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with flexural cracks) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any crack(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. Front Axle Beam and All Steering Components Other Than Steering Column. (1) Any crack(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any crack(s)", "defect_reference": "c.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-7-any-crack-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-7-any-crack-s", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "c. Front Axle Beam and All Steering Components Other Than Steering Column. (1) Any crack(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any crack(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Adjustable axle assembly with locking pins missing or not engaged\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 9\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Frame\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. (1) Adjustable Axle Assemblies (Sliding Subframes). Adjustable axle assembly with locking pins missing or not engaged.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Adjustable axle assembly with locking pins missing or not engaged", "defect_reference": "c.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-9-adjustable-axle-assembly-with-locking-pins-missing-or-not-engaged.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-9-adjustable-axle-assembly-with-locking-pins-missing-or-not-engaged", "item_name": "Frame", "item_number": "9", "source_quote": "c. (1) Adjustable Axle Assemblies (Sliding Subframes). Adjustable axle assembly with locking pins missing or not engaged.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Adjustable axle assembly with locking pins missing or not engaged \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracks in attachment welds\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(1)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Mounting. (a) Any cracks in attachment welds.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracks in attachment welds", "defect_reference": "c.(1)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-a-2-any-cracks-in-attachment-welds.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-a-2-any-cracks-in-attachment-welds", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Mounting. (a) Any cracks in attachment welds.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracks in attachment welds \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any missing or ineffective fasteners\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(1)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Mounting. (a) Any cracks in attachment welds. (b) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners", "defect_reference": "c.(1)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-b-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-1-b-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Mounting. (a) Any cracks in attachment welds. (b) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Installation of speed-restricted tires unless specifically designated by\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 10\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Tires\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. Installation of speed-restricted tires unless specifically designated by\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Installation of speed-restricted tires unless specifically designated by", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-10-installation-of-speed-restricted-tires-unless-specifically-designated-by.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-10-installation-of-speed-restricted-tires-unless-specifically-designated-by", "item_name": "Tires", "item_number": "10", "source_quote": "c. Installation of speed-restricted tires unless specifically designated by", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Installation of speed-restricted tires unless specifically designated by \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any loose, missing, broken, cracked, stripped or otherwise ineffective fasteners\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. Fasteners (both spoke and disc wheels). Any loose, missing, broken, cracked, stripped or otherwise ineffective fasteners.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any loose, missing, broken, cracked, stripped or otherwise ineffective fasteners", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-11-any-loose-missing-broken-cracked-stripped-or-otherwise-ineffective-fasteners.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-11-any-loose-missing-broken-cracked-stripped-or-otherwise-ineffective-fasteners", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "c. Fasteners (both spoke and disc wheels). Any loose, missing, broken, cracked, stripped or otherwise ineffective fasteners.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any loose, missing, broken, cracked, stripped or otherwise ineffective fasteners \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any portion of the drum or rotor missing or in danger of falling away\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any portion of the drum or rotor missing or in danger of falling away.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any portion of the drum or rotor missing or in danger of falling away", "defect_reference": "c.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-1-any-portion-of-the-drum-or-rotor-missing-or-in-danger-of-falling-away.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-1-any-portion-of-the-drum-or-rotor-missing-or-in-danger-of-falling-away", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Any portion of the drum or rotor missing or in danger of falling away.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any portion of the drum or rotor missing or in danger of falling away \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any obvious welded repair(s)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any obvious welded repair(s).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any obvious welded repair(s)", "defect_reference": "c.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-7-any-obvious-welded-repair-s.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-7-any-obvious-welded-repair-s", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(2) Any obvious welded repair(s).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any obvious welded repair(s) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracks\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(2)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Integrity. (a) Any cracks.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracks", "defect_reference": "c.(2)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-a-2-any-cracks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-a-2-any-cracks", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(2) Integrity. (a) Any cracks.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracks \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of the eye reduced by more than 20%\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** c.(2)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Any part of the eye reduced by more than 20%.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any part of the eye reduced by more than 20%", "defect_reference": "c.(2)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-b-2-any-part-of-the-eye-reduced-by-more-than-20.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-2-b-2-any-part-of-the-eye-reduced-by-more-than-20", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Any part of the eye reduced by more than 20%.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of the eye reduced by more than 20% \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** shall be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 3\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Exhaust System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> motor vehicle shall be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle .\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "shall be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-3-shall-be-so-located-as-would-be-likely-to-result-in-burning-charring-or-damaging.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-3-shall-be-so-located-as-would-be-likely-to-result-in-burning-charring-or-damaging", "item_name": "Exhaust System", "item_number": "3", "source_quote": "motor vehicle shall be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle .", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "shall be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** A fuel tank not securely attached to the motor vehicle by reason of loose, broken or missing mounting bolts or brackets (some fuel tanks use springs or rubber bushings to permit movement)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 4\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Fuel System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. A fuel tank not securely attached to the motor vehicle by reason of loose, broken or missing mounting bolts or brackets (some fuel tanks use springs or rubber bushings to permit movement).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "A fuel tank not securely attached to the motor vehicle by reason of loose, broken or missing mounting bolts or brackets (some fuel tanks use springs or rubber bushings to permit movement)", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-4-a-fuel-tank-not-securely-attached-to-the-motor-vehicle-by-reason-of-loose-broken.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-4-a-fuel-tank-not-securely-attached-to-the-motor-vehicle-by-reason-of-loose-broken", "item_name": "Fuel System", "item_number": "4", "source_quote": "c. A fuel tank not securely attached to the motor vehicle by reason of loose, broken or missing mounting bolts or brackets (some fuel tanks use springs or rubber bushings to permit movement).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "A fuel tank not securely attached to the motor vehicle by reason of loose, broken or missing mounting bolts or brackets (some fuel tanks use springs or rubber bushings to permit movement) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** All devices used to secure an intermodal container to a chassis, including rails or support frames, tiedown bolsters, locking pins, clevises, clamps, and hooks that are cracked, broken, loose, or missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 6\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Safe Loading\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> intermodal equipment \u2014All devices used to secure an intermodal container to a chassis, including rails or support frames, tiedown bolsters, locking pins, clevises, clamps, and hooks that are cracked, broken, loose, or missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "All devices used to secure an intermodal container to a chassis, including rails or support frames, tiedown bolsters, locking pins, clevises, clamps, and hooks that are cracked, broken, loose, or missing", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-6-all-devices-used-to-secure-an-intermodal-container-to-a-chassis-including-rails-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-6-all-devices-used-to-secure-an-intermodal-container-to-a-chassis-including-rails-", "item_name": "Safe Loading", "item_number": "6", "source_quote": "intermodal equipment \u2014All devices used to secure an intermodal container to a chassis, including rails or support frames, tiedown bolsters, locking pins, clevises, clamps, and hooks that are cracked, broken, loose, or missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "All devices used to secure an intermodal container to a chassis, including rails or support frames, tiedown bolsters, locking pins, clevises, clamps, and hooks that are cracked, broken, loose, or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or any part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken or missing. (Does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods.)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 8\n\n**Defect reference:** c.\n\n**Inspection item:** Suspension\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> c. Torque, Radius or Tracking Components. Any part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or any part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken or missing. (Does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods.)\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or any part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken or missing. (Does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods.)", "defect_reference": "c.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-8-any-part-of-a-torque-radius-or-tracking-component-assembly-or-any-part-used-for-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-c-8-any-part-of-a-torque-radius-or-tracking-component-assembly-or-any-part-used-for-", "item_name": "Suspension", "item_number": "8", "source_quote": "c. Torque, Radius or Tracking Components. Any part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or any part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken or missing. (Does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods.)", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or any part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken or missing. (Does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods.) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Hose with any damage extending through the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a reinforcement ply). (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is cause for rejection\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> d. Brake Hose. (1) Hose with any damage extending through the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a reinforcement ply). (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is cause for rejection.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Hose with any damage extending through the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a reinforcement ply). (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is cause for rejection", "defect_reference": "d.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-1-hose-with-any-damage-extending-through-the-outer-reinforcement-ply-rubber-impreg.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-1-hose-with-any-damage-extending-through-the-outer-reinforcement-ply-rubber-impreg", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "d. Brake Hose. (1) Hose with any damage extending through the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a reinforcement ply). (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is cause for rejection.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Hose with any damage extending through the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a reinforcement ply). (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is cause for rejection \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracks in welds attaching disc wheel disc to rim\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> d. Welds. (1) Any cracks in welds attaching disc wheel disc to rim.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracks in welds attaching disc wheel disc to rim", "defect_reference": "d.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-11-any-cracks-in-welds-attaching-disc-wheel-disc-to-rim.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-11-any-cracks-in-welds-attaching-disc-wheel-disc-to-rim", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "d. Welds. (1) Any cracks in welds attaching disc wheel disc to rim.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracks in welds attaching disc wheel disc to rim \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> d. Steering Gear Box. (1) Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing", "defect_reference": "d.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-7-any-mounting-bolt-s-loose-or-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-7-any-mounting-bolt-s-loose-or-missing", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "d. Steering Gear Box. (1) Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Ineffective latching mechanism\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Slider (power or manual). (a) Ineffective latching mechanism\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Ineffective latching mechanism", "defect_reference": "d.(1)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-a-2-ineffective-latching-mechanism.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-a-2-ineffective-latching-mechanism", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Slider (power or manual). (a) Ineffective latching mechanism", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Ineffective latching mechanism \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or ineffective stop\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Missing or ineffective stop.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing or ineffective stop", "defect_reference": "d.(1)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-b-2-missing-or-ineffective-stop.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-b-2-missing-or-ineffective-stop", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Missing or ineffective stop.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or ineffective stop \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Movement of more than 1/4 inch between slider and housing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Movement of more than 1/4 inch between slider and housing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Movement of more than 1/4 inch between slider and housing", "defect_reference": "d.(1)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-c-2-movement-of-more-than-1-4-inch-between-slider-and-housing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-c-2-movement-of-more-than-1-4-inch-between-slider-and-housing", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Movement of more than 1/4 inch between slider and housing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Movement of more than 1/4 inch between slider and housing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any leaking, air or hydraulic cylinders, hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals )\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(1)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Any leaking, air or hydraulic cylinders, hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals ).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any leaking, air or hydraulic cylinders, hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals )", "defect_reference": "d.(1)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-d-2-any-leaking-air-or-hydraulic-cylinders-hoses-or-chambers-other-than-slight-oil-w.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-1-d-2-any-leaking-air-or-hydraulic-cylinders-hoses-or-chambers-other-than-slight-oil-w", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Any leaking, air or hydraulic cylinders, hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals ).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any leaking, air or hydraulic cylinders, hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals ) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Bulge or swelling when air pressure is applied\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Bulge or swelling when air pressure is applied.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Bulge or swelling when air pressure is applied", "defect_reference": "d.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-1-bulge-or-swelling-when-air-pressure-is-applied.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-1-bulge-or-swelling-when-air-pressure-is-applied", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Bulge or swelling when air pressure is applied.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Bulge or swelling when air pressure is applied \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter", "defect_reference": "d.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-11-any-crack-in-welds-attaching-tubeless-demountable-rim-to-adapter.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-11-any-crack-in-welds-attaching-tubeless-demountable-rim-to-adapter", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "(2) Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any crack(s) in gear box or mounting brackets\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any crack(s) in gear box or mounting brackets.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any crack(s) in gear box or mounting brackets", "defect_reference": "d.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-7-any-crack-s-in-gear-box-or-mounting-brackets.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-7-any-crack-s-in-gear-box-or-mounting-brackets", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(2) Any crack(s) in gear box or mounting brackets.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any crack(s) in gear box or mounting brackets \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracks\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(2)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Integrity. (a) Any cracks.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracks", "defect_reference": "d.(2)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-a-2-any-cracks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-a-2-any-cracks", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(2) Integrity. (a) Any cracks.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracks \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Movement of 1/4 inch between subframe and drawbar at point of attachment\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(2)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Movement of 1/4 inch between subframe and drawbar at point of attachment.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Movement of 1/4 inch between subframe and drawbar at point of attachment", "defect_reference": "d.(2)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-b-2-movement-of-1-4-inch-between-subframe-and-drawbar-at-point-of-attachment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-2-b-2-movement-of-1-4-inch-between-subframe-and-drawbar-at-point-of-attachment", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Movement of 1/4 inch between subframe and drawbar at point of attachment.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Movement of 1/4 inch between subframe and drawbar at point of attachment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any audible leaks\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Any audible leaks.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any audible leaks", "defect_reference": "d.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-3-1-any-audible-leaks.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-3-1-any-audible-leaks", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Any audible leaks.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any audible leaks \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any welded repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Any welded repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any welded repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle", "defect_reference": "d.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-3-11-any-welded-repair-on-aluminum-wheel-s-on-a-steering-axle.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-3-11-any-welded-repair-on-aluminum-wheel-s-on-a-steering-axle", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "(3) Any welded repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any welded repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Two hoses improperly joined (such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Two hoses improperly joined (such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Two hoses improperly joined (such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube)", "defect_reference": "d.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-4-1-two-hoses-improperly-joined-such-as-a-splice-made-by-sliding-the-hose-ends-over-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-4-1-two-hoses-improperly-joined-such-as-a-splice-made-by-sliding-the-hose-ends-over-", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(4) Two hoses improperly joined (such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Two hoses improperly joined (such as a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any welded repair other than disc to rim attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 11\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Wheels and Rims\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Any welded repair other than disc to rim attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any welded repair other than disc to rim attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle", "defect_reference": "d.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-4-11-any-welded-repair-other-than-disc-to-rim-attachment-on-steel-disc-wheel-s-mounte.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-4-11-any-welded-repair-other-than-disc-to-rim-attachment-on-steel-disc-wheel-s-mounte", "item_name": "Wheels and Rims", "item_number": "11", "source_quote": "(4) Any welded repair other than disc to rim attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any welded repair other than disc to rim attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Air hose cracked, broken or crimped\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** d.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) Air hose cracked, broken or crimped.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Air hose cracked, broken or crimped", "defect_reference": "d.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-5-1-air-hose-cracked-broken-or-crimped.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-d-5-1-air-hose-cracked-broken-or-crimped", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(5) Air hose cracked, broken or crimped.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Air hose cracked, broken or crimped \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any audible leak\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> e. Brake Tubing. (1) Any audible leak.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any audible leak", "defect_reference": "e.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-1-1-any-audible-leak.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-1-1-any-audible-leak", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "e. Brake Tubing. (1) Any audible leak.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any audible leak \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Safety devices missing\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> e. Safety Devices. (1) Safety devices missing.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Safety devices missing", "defect_reference": "e.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-1-2-safety-devices-missing.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-1-2-safety-devices-missing", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "e. Safety Devices. (1) Safety devices missing.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Safety devices missing \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken or crimped\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken or crimped.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken or crimped", "defect_reference": "e.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-2-1-tubing-cracked-damaged-by-heat-broken-or-crimped.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-2-1-tubing-cracked-damaged-by-heat-broken-or-crimped", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken or crimped.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken or crimped \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Unattached or incapable of secure attachment\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Unattached or incapable of secure attachment.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Unattached or incapable of secure attachment", "defect_reference": "e.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-2-2-unattached-or-incapable-of-secure-attachment.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-2-2-unattached-or-incapable-of-secure-attachment", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(2) Unattached or incapable of secure attachment.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Unattached or incapable of secure attachment \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Worn to the extent of a measurable reduction in link cross section\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(3)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Chains and hooks. (a) Worn to the extent of a measurable reduction in link cross section.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Worn to the extent of a measurable reduction in link cross section", "defect_reference": "e.(3)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-3-a-2-worn-to-the-extent-of-a-measurable-reduction-in-link-cross-section.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-3-a-2-worn-to-the-extent-of-a-measurable-reduction-in-link-cross-section", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(3) Chains and hooks. (a) Worn to the extent of a measurable reduction in link cross section.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Worn to the extent of a measurable reduction in link cross section \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Improper repairs including welding, wire, small bolts, rope and tape\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(3)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Improper repairs including welding, wire, small bolts, rope and tape.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Improper repairs including welding, wire, small bolts, rope and tape", "defect_reference": "e.(3)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-3-b-2-improper-repairs-including-welding-wire-small-bolts-rope-and-tape.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-3-b-2-improper-repairs-including-welding-wire-small-bolts-rope-and-tape", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Improper repairs including welding, wire, small bolts, rope and tape.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Improper repairs including welding, wire, small bolts, rope and tape \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Kinked or broken cable strands\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(4)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Cable. (a) Kinked or broken cable strands.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Kinked or broken cable strands", "defect_reference": "e.(4)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-4-a-2-kinked-or-broken-cable-strands.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-4-a-2-kinked-or-broken-cable-strands", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(4) Cable. (a) Kinked or broken cable strands.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Kinked or broken cable strands \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Improper clamps or clamping\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** e.(4)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Improper clamps or clamping.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Improper clamps or clamping", "defect_reference": "e.(4)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-4-b-2-improper-clamps-or-clamping.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-4-b-2-improper-clamps-or-clamping", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Improper clamps or clamping.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Improper clamps or clamping \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any looseness of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** e.\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> e. Pitman Arm. Any looseness of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any looseness of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft", "defect_reference": "e.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-7-any-looseness-of-the-pitman-arm-on-the-steering-gear-output-shaft.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-e-7-any-looseness-of-the-pitman-arm-on-the-steering-gear-output-shaft", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "e. Pitman Arm. Any looseness of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any looseness of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any missing or ineffective fasteners\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** f.(1)(a)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Method of attachment. (a) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners", "defect_reference": "f.(1)(a)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-a-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-a-2-any-missing-or-ineffective-fasteners", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(1) Method of attachment. (a) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any missing or ineffective fasteners \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Loose mountings\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** f.(1)(b)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (b) Loose mountings.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Loose mountings", "defect_reference": "f.(1)(b)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-b-2-loose-mountings.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-b-2-loose-mountings", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(b) Loose mountings.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose mountings \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any cracks or breaks in a stress or load bearing member\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** f.(1)(c)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (c) Any cracks or breaks in a stress or load bearing member.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any cracks or breaks in a stress or load bearing member", "defect_reference": "f.(1)(c)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-c-2-any-cracks-or-breaks-in-a-stress-or-load-bearing-member.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-c-2-any-cracks-or-breaks-in-a-stress-or-load-bearing-member", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(c) Any cracks or breaks in a stress or load bearing member.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any cracks or breaks in a stress or load bearing member \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Horizontal movement between upper and lower saddle-mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 2\n\n**Defect reference:** f.(1)(d)\n\n**Inspection item:** Coupling devices\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (d) Horizontal movement between upper and lower saddle-mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Horizontal movement between upper and lower saddle-mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch", "defect_reference": "f.(1)(d)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-d-2-horizontal-movement-between-upper-and-lower-saddle-mount-halves-exceeds-1-4-inch.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-d-2-horizontal-movement-between-upper-and-lower-saddle-mount-halves-exceeds-1-4-inch", "item_name": "Coupling devices", "item_number": "2", "source_quote": "(d) Horizontal movement between upper and lower saddle-mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Horizontal movement between upper and lower saddle-mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Low Pressure Warning Device missing, inoperative, or does not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure, whichever is less\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** f.\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> f. Low Pressure Warning Device missing, inoperative, or does not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure, whichever is less.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Low Pressure Warning Device missing, inoperative, or does not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure, whichever is less", "defect_reference": "f.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-low-pressure-warning-device-missing-inoperative-or-does-not-operate-at-55-psi-an.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-1-low-pressure-warning-device-missing-inoperative-or-does-not-operate-at-55-psi-an", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "f. Low Pressure Warning Device missing, inoperative, or does not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure, whichever is less.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Low Pressure Warning Device missing, inoperative, or does not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure, whichever is less \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** f.\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> f. Power Steering. Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose", "defect_reference": "f.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-7-auxiliary-power-assist-cylinder-loose.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-f-7-auxiliary-power-assist-cylinder-loose", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "f. Power Steering. Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any movement under steering load of a stud nut\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** g.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> g. Ball and Socket Joints. (1) Any movement under steering load of a stud nut.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any movement under steering load of a stud nut", "defect_reference": "g.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-1-7-any-movement-under-steering-load-of-a-stud-nut.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-1-7-any-movement-under-steering-load-of-a-stud-nut", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "g. Ball and Socket Joints. (1) Any movement under steering load of a stud nut.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any movement under steering load of a stud nut \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve(s) on power unit\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** g.\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> g. Tractor Protection Valve. Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve(s) on power unit.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve(s) on power unit", "defect_reference": "g.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-1-inoperable-or-missing-tractor-protection-valve-s-on-power-unit.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-1-inoperable-or-missing-tractor-protection-valve-s-on-power-unit", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "g. Tractor Protection Valve. Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve(s) on power unit.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Inoperable or missing tractor protection valve(s) on power unit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its attachment point of more than 1/4 inch\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** g.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its attachment point of more than 1/4 inch.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its attachment point of more than 1/4 inch", "defect_reference": "g.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-2-7-any-motion-other-than-rotational-between-any-linkage-member-and-its-attachment-p.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-g-2-7-any-motion-other-than-rotational-between-any-linkage-member-and-its-attachment-p", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(2) Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its attachment point of more than 1/4 inch.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its attachment point of more than 1/4 inch \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Compressor drive belts in condition of impending or probable failure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> h. Air Compressor. (1) Compressor drive belts in condition of impending or probable failure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Compressor drive belts in condition of impending or probable failure", "defect_reference": "h.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-1-1-compressor-drive-belts-in-condition-of-impending-or-probable-failure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-1-1-compressor-drive-belts-in-condition-of-impending-or-probable-failure", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "h. Air Compressor. (1) Compressor drive belts in condition of impending or probable failure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Compressor drive belts in condition of impending or probable failure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> h. Tie Rods and Drag Links. (1) Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links", "defect_reference": "h.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-1-7-loose-clamp-s-or-clamp-bolt-s-on-tie-rods-or-drag-links.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-1-7-loose-clamp-s-or-clamp-bolt-s-on-tie-rods-or-drag-links", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "h. Tie Rods and Drag Links. (1) Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Loose compressor mounting bolts\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Loose compressor mounting bolts.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Loose compressor mounting bolts", "defect_reference": "h.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-2-1-loose-compressor-mounting-bolts.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-2-1-loose-compressor-mounting-bolts", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Loose compressor mounting bolts.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Loose compressor mounting bolts \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any looseness in any threaded joint\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any looseness in any threaded joint.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any looseness in any threaded joint", "defect_reference": "h.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-2-7-any-looseness-in-any-threaded-joint.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-2-7-any-looseness-in-any-threaded-joint", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "(2) Any looseness in any threaded joint.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any looseness in any threaded joint \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Cracked, broken or loose pulley\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Cracked, broken or loose pulley.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Cracked, broken or loose pulley", "defect_reference": "h.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-3-1-cracked-broken-or-loose-pulley.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-3-1-cracked-broken-or-loose-pulley", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Cracked, broken or loose pulley.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracked, broken or loose pulley \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Cracked or broken mounting brackets, braces or adapters\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** h.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Cracked or broken mounting brackets, braces or adapters.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Cracked or broken mounting brackets, braces or adapters", "defect_reference": "h.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-4-1-cracked-or-broken-mounting-brackets-braces-or-adapters.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-h-4-1-cracked-or-broken-mounting-brackets-braces-or-adapters", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(4) Cracked or broken mounting brackets, braces or adapters.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Cracked or broken mounting brackets, braces or adapters \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Absence of braking action on any wheel required to have brakes\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** i.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> i. Electric Brakes. (1) Absence of braking action on any wheel required to have brakes.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Absence of braking action on any wheel required to have brakes", "defect_reference": "i.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-1-1-absence-of-braking-action-on-any-wheel-required-to-have-brakes.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-1-1-absence-of-braking-action-on-any-wheel-required-to-have-brakes", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "i. Electric Brakes. (1) Absence of braking action on any wheel required to have brakes.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Absence of braking action on any wheel required to have brakes \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or inoperable breakaway braking device\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** i.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Missing or inoperable breakaway braking device.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing or inoperable breakaway braking device", "defect_reference": "i.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-2-1-missing-or-inoperable-breakaway-braking-device.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-2-1-missing-or-inoperable-breakaway-braking-device", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Missing or inoperable breakaway braking device.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or inoperable breakaway braking device \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Nut(s) loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm or tie rod arm\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** i.\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> i. Nuts. Nut(s) loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm or tie rod arm.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Nut(s) loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm or tie rod arm", "defect_reference": "i.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-7-nut-s-loose-or-missing-on-tie-rods-pitman-arm-drag-link-steering-arm-or-tie-rod-.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-i-7-nut-s-loose-or-missing-on-tie-rods-pitman-arm-drag-link-steering-arm-or-tie-rod-", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "i. Nuts. Nut(s) loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm or tie rod arm.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Nut(s) loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm or tie rod arm \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Master cylinder less than 1/4 full\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Master cylinder less than 1/4 full.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Master cylinder less than 1/4 full", "defect_reference": "j.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-1-1-master-cylinder-less-than-1-4-full.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-1-1-master-cylinder-less-than-1-4-full", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(1) Master cylinder less than 1/4 full.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Master cylinder less than 1/4 full \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** No pedal reserve with engine running except by pumping pedal\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) No pedal reserve with engine running except by pumping pedal.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "No pedal reserve with engine running except by pumping pedal", "defect_reference": "j.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-2-1-no-pedal-reserve-with-engine-running-except-by-pumping-pedal.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-2-1-no-pedal-reserve-with-engine-running-except-by-pumping-pedal", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) No pedal reserve with engine running except by pumping pedal.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "No pedal reserve with engine running except by pumping pedal \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Power assist unit fails to operate\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Power assist unit fails to operate.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Power assist unit fails to operate", "defect_reference": "j.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-3-1-power-assist-unit-fails-to-operate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-3-1-power-assist-unit-fails-to-operate", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Power assist unit fails to operate.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Power assist unit fails to operate \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Seeping or swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Seeping or swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Seeping or swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure", "defect_reference": "j.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-4-1-seeping-or-swelling-brake-hose-s-under-application-of-pressure.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-4-1-seeping-or-swelling-brake-hose-s-under-application-of-pressure", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(4) Seeping or swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Seeping or swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing or inoperative check valve\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) Missing or inoperative check valve.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing or inoperative check valve", "defect_reference": "j.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-5-1-missing-or-inoperative-check-valve.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-5-1-missing-or-inoperative-check-valve", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(5) Missing or inoperative check valve.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing or inoperative check valve \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has any visually observed leaking hydraulic fluid in the brake system\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) Has any visually observed leaking hydraulic fluid in the brake system.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has any visually observed leaking hydraulic fluid in the brake system", "defect_reference": "j.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-6-1-has-any-visually-observed-leaking-hydraulic-fluid-in-the-brake-system.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-6-1-has-any-visually-observed-leaking-hydraulic-fluid-in-the-brake-system", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(6) Has any visually observed leaking hydraulic fluid in the brake system.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has any visually observed leaking hydraulic fluid in the brake system \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-fabric layer\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(7)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (7) Has hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-fabric layer.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-fabric layer", "defect_reference": "j.(7)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-7-1-has-hydraulic-hose-s-abraded-chafed-through-outer-cover-to-fabric-layer.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-7-1-has-hydraulic-hose-s-abraded-chafed-through-outer-cover-to-fabric-layer", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(7) Has hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-fabric layer.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-fabric layer \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any modification or other condition that interferes with free movement of any steering component\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 7\n\n**Defect reference:** j.\n\n**Inspection item:** Steering Mechanism\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> j. Steering System. Any modification or other condition that interferes with free movement of any steering component.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any modification or other condition that interferes with free movement of any steering component", "defect_reference": "j.", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-7-any-modification-or-other-condition-that-interferes-with-free-movement-of-any-st.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-7-any-modification-or-other-condition-that-interferes-with-free-movement-of-any-st", "item_name": "Steering Mechanism", "item_number": "7", "source_quote": "j. Steering System. Any modification or other condition that interferes with free movement of any steering component.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any modification or other condition that interferes with free movement of any steering component \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Fluid lines or connections leaking, restricted, crimped, cracked or broken\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(8)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (8) Fluid lines or connections leaking, restricted, crimped, cracked or broken.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Fluid lines or connections leaking, restricted, crimped, cracked or broken", "defect_reference": "j.(8)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-8-1-fluid-lines-or-connections-leaking-restricted-crimped-cracked-or-broken.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-8-1-fluid-lines-or-connections-leaking-restricted-crimped-cracked-or-broken", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(8) Fluid lines or connections leaking, restricted, crimped, cracked or broken.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Fluid lines or connections leaking, restricted, crimped, cracked or broken \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Brake failure or low fluid warning light on and/or inoperative\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** j.(9)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (9) Brake failure or low fluid warning light on and/or inoperative.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Brake failure or low fluid warning light on and/or inoperative", "defect_reference": "j.(9)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-9-1-brake-failure-or-low-fluid-warning-light-on-and-or-inoperative.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-j-9-1-brake-failure-or-low-fluid-warning-light-on-and-or-inoperative", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(9) Brake failure or low fluid warning light on and/or inoperative.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Brake failure or low fluid warning light on and/or inoperative \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one full brake application after engine is shut off\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** k.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> k. Vacuum Systems. Any vacuum system which: (1) Has insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one full brake application after engine is shut off.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one full brake application after engine is shut off", "defect_reference": "k.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-1-1-has-insufficient-vacuum-reserve-to-permit-one-full-brake-application-after-engin.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-1-1-has-insufficient-vacuum-reserve-to-permit-one-full-brake-application-after-engin", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "k. Vacuum Systems. Any vacuum system which: (1) Has insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one full brake application after engine is shut off.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one full brake application after engine is shut off \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Has vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted, abraded (chafed) through outer cover to cord ply, crimped, cracked, broken or has collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** k.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Has vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted, abraded (chafed) through outer cover to cord ply, crimped, cracked, broken or has collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Has vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted, abraded (chafed) through outer cover to cord ply, crimped, cracked, broken or has collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied", "defect_reference": "k.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-2-1-has-vacuum-hose-s-or-line-s-restricted-abraded-chafed-through-outer-cover-to-cor.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-2-1-has-vacuum-hose-s-or-line-s-restricted-abraded-chafed-through-outer-cover-to-cor", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Has vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted, abraded (chafed) through outer cover to cord ply, crimped, cracked, broken or has collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Has vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted, abraded (chafed) through outer cover to cord ply, crimped, cracked, broken or has collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Lacks an operative low-vacuum warning device as required\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** k.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Lacks an operative low-vacuum warning device as required.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Lacks an operative low-vacuum warning device as required", "defect_reference": "k.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-3-1-lacks-an-operative-low-vacuum-warning-device-as-required.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-k-3-1-lacks-an-operative-low-vacuum-warning-device-as-required", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Lacks an operative low-vacuum warning device as required.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Lacks an operative low-vacuum warning device as required \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Missing ABS malfunction indicator components ( i.e., bulb, wiring, etc.)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Missing ABS malfunction indicator components ( i.e., bulb, wiring, etc.).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Missing ABS malfunction indicator components ( i.e., bulb, wiring, etc.)", "defect_reference": "l.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-1-1-missing-abs-malfunction-indicator-components-i-e-bulb-wiring-etc.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-1-1-missing-abs-malfunction-indicator-components-i-e-bulb-wiring-etc", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(1) Missing ABS malfunction indicator components ( i.e., bulb, wiring, etc.).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Missing ABS malfunction indicator components ( i.e., bulb, wiring, etc.) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** ABS malfunction indicator that does not illuminate when power is first applied to the ABS controller (ECU) during initial power up\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) ABS malfunction indicator that does not illuminate when power is first applied to the ABS controller (ECU) during initial power up.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "ABS malfunction indicator that does not illuminate when power is first applied to the ABS controller (ECU) during initial power up", "defect_reference": "l.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-2-1-abs-malfunction-indicator-that-does-not-illuminate-when-power-is-first-applied-t.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-2-1-abs-malfunction-indicator-that-does-not-illuminate-when-power-is-first-applied-t", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) ABS malfunction indicator that does not illuminate when power is first applied to the ABS controller (ECU) during initial power up.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ABS malfunction indicator that does not illuminate when power is first applied to the ABS controller (ECU) during initial power up \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** ABS malfunction indicator that stays illuminated while power is continuously applied to the ABS controller (ECU)\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) ABS malfunction indicator that stays illuminated while power is continuously applied to the ABS controller (ECU).\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "ABS malfunction indicator that stays illuminated while power is continuously applied to the ABS controller (ECU)", "defect_reference": "l.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-3-1-abs-malfunction-indicator-that-stays-illuminated-while-power-is-continuously-app.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-3-1-abs-malfunction-indicator-that-stays-illuminated-while-power-is-continuously-app", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) ABS malfunction indicator that stays illuminated while power is continuously applied to the ABS controller (ECU).", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "ABS malfunction indicator that stays illuminated while power is continuously applied to the ABS controller (ECU) \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** trailer or dolly does not cycle when electrical power is applied (a) only to the vehicle's constant ABS power circuit, or (b) only to the vehicle's stop lamp circuit\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> trailer or dolly does not cycle when electrical power is applied (a) only to the vehicle's constant ABS power circuit, or (b) only to the vehicle's stop lamp circuit.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "trailer or dolly does not cycle when electrical power is applied (a) only to the vehicle's constant ABS power circuit, or (b) only to the vehicle's stop lamp circuit", "defect_reference": "l.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-4-1-trailer-or-dolly-does-not-cycle-when-electrical-power-is-applied-a-only-to-the-v.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-4-1-trailer-or-dolly-does-not-cycle-when-electrical-power-is-applied-a-only-to-the-v", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "trailer or dolly does not cycle when electrical power is applied (a) only to the vehicle's constant ABS power circuit, or (b) only to the vehicle's stop lamp circuit.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "trailer or dolly does not cycle when electrical power is applied (a) only to the vehicle's constant ABS power circuit, or (b) only to the vehicle's stop lamp circuit \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** With its brakes released and its ignition switch in the normal run position, power unit does not provide continuous electrical power to the ABS on any air-braked vehicle it is equipped to tow\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(5)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (5) With its brakes released and its ignition switch in the normal run position, power unit does not provide continuous electrical power to the ABS on any air-braked vehicle it is equipped to tow.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "With its brakes released and its ignition switch in the normal run position, power unit does not provide continuous electrical power to the ABS on any air-braked vehicle it is equipped to tow", "defect_reference": "l.(5)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-5-1-with-its-brakes-released-and-its-ignition-switch-in-the-normal-run-position-powe.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-5-1-with-its-brakes-released-and-its-ignition-switch-in-the-normal-run-position-powe", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(5) With its brakes released and its ignition switch in the normal run position, power unit does not provide continuous electrical power to the ABS on any air-braked vehicle it is equipped to tow.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "With its brakes released and its ignition switch in the normal run position, power unit does not provide continuous electrical power to the ABS on any air-braked vehicle it is equipped to tow \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Other missing or inoperative ABS components\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** l.(6)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (6) Other missing or inoperative ABS components.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Other missing or inoperative ABS components", "defect_reference": "l.(6)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-6-1-other-missing-or-inoperative-abs-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-l-6-1-other-missing-or-inoperative-abs-components", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(6) Other missing or inoperative ABS components.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Other missing or inoperative ABS components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Failure to maintain a brake within the brake stroke limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** m.(1)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (1) Failure to maintain a brake within the brake stroke limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Failure to maintain a brake within the brake stroke limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer", "defect_reference": "m.(1)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-1-1-failure-to-maintain-a-brake-within-the-brake-stroke-limit-specified-by-the-vehic.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-1-1-failure-to-maintain-a-brake-within-the-brake-stroke-limit-specified-by-the-vehic", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(1) Failure to maintain a brake within the brake stroke limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Failure to maintain a brake within the brake stroke limit specified by the vehicle manufacturer \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any automatic brake adjuster that has been replaced with a manual adjuster\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** m.(2)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (2) Any automatic brake adjuster that has been replaced with a manual adjuster.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any automatic brake adjuster that has been replaced with a manual adjuster", "defect_reference": "m.(2)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-2-1-any-automatic-brake-adjuster-that-has-been-replaced-with-a-manual-adjuster.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-2-1-any-automatic-brake-adjuster-that-has-been-replaced-with-a-manual-adjuster", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(2) Any automatic brake adjuster that has been replaced with a manual adjuster.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any automatic brake adjuster that has been replaced with a manual adjuster \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Damaged, loose, or missing components\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** m.(3)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (3) Damaged, loose, or missing components.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Damaged, loose, or missing components", "defect_reference": "m.(3)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-3-1-damaged-loose-or-missing-components.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-3-1-damaged-loose-or-missing-components", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(3) Damaged, loose, or missing components.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Damaged, loose, or missing components \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true} {"asset": "vehicle-inspection-defect-categories", "authority": "US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396", "body": "**Defect:** Any brake that is found to be out of adjustment on initial inspection must be evaluated to determine why the automatic brake adjuster is not functioning properly and the problem must be corrected in order for the vehicle to pass the inspection\n\n**Category:** Reject\n\n**Inspection item number:** 1\n\n**Defect reference:** m.(4)\n\n**Inspection item:** Brake System\n\n**Authority:** US 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396\n\n> (4) Any brake that is found to be out of adjustment on initial inspection must be evaluated to determine why the automatic brake adjuster is not functioning properly and the problem must be corrected in order for the vehicle to pass the inspection.\n\nSource: \n", "category": "Reject", "defect": "Any brake that is found to be out of adjustment on initial inspection must be evaluated to determine why the automatic brake adjuster is not functioning properly and the problem must be corrected in order for the vehicle to pass the inspection", "defect_reference": "m.(4)", "file": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-4-1-any-brake-that-is-found-to-be-out-of-adjustment-on-initial-inspection-must-be-ev.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-06", "id": "us-49-cfr-appendix-a-to-part-396-m-4-1-any-brake-that-is-found-to-be-out-of-adjustment-on-initial-inspection-must-be-ev", "item_name": "Brake System", "item_number": "1", "source_quote": "(4) Any brake that is found to be out of adjustment on initial inspection must be evaluated to determine why the automatic brake adjuster is not functioning properly and the problem must be corrected in order for the vehicle to pass the inspection.", "sources": ["https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_396"], "stale_after": "2027-02-02", "title": "Any brake that is found to be out of adjustment on initial inspection must be evaluated to determine why the automatic brake adjuster is not functioning properly and the problem must be corrected in order for the vehicle to pass the inspection \u2014 Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts", "type": "failure-mode", "unverified_fields": "category, defect_reference, item_name, item_number", "verified": true}