What each vehicle defect is categorised as at a roadworthiness inspection, and therefore whether it fails the test. Each record is one defect under one authority, stating the defect reference, the defect wording as published, and the category (Minor, Major or Dangerous). Covers the DVSA MOT inspection manual for cars, vans and passenger vehicles (classes 3, 4, 5 and 7), the DVSA MOT inspection manual for motorcycles (classes 1 and 2), EU Directive 2014/45/EU Annex I, and the US minimum periodic inspection standards in 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 396. Answers 'is a cracked windscreen a major or minor MOT defect', 'MOT inspection manual zone A windscreen damage', 'does a worn wheel bearing fail an MOT', 'is a tyre bulge dangerous or major', and 'what fails an MOT test'. The same defect usually appears twice, once Major and once Dangerous, separated only by a severity qualifier, and the UK, EU and US verdicts for the same physical fault do not always agree.

Facts extracted from freely published government inspection manuals and legislation. gov.uk content is published under the Open Government Licence v3.0; EUR-Lex reuse is permitted under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU; US CFR text is a US government work and not subject to copyright. Each record quotes a short verbatim span and links back to the section it came from.

Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Pivot too tight

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever pivot

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Pivot too tight | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Pivot too tight — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.11

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Rigid brake pipes

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake pipe is at imminent risk of failure or fracture — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake hose damaged and likely to fail

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.12

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Flexible brake hoses

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Brake hose damaged and likely to fail | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake hose damaged and likely to fail — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Cable damaged or knotted

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.15

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Brake cables, rods, levers and linkages

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Cable damaged or knotted | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Cable damaged or knotted — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Load sensing valve linkage defective

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.17

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Load sensing valve

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Load sensing valve linkage defective | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Load sensing valve linkage defective — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.18

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Brake slack adjuster

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Insufficient reserve travel

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Service brake pedal or hand lever condition and travel

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Insufficient reserve travel | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Insufficient reserve travel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Hand operated brake control valve

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Ratchet not holding correctly

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Parking brake lever or control

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Ratchet not holding correctly | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Ratchet not holding correctly — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.4.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Parking brake inoperative on one side, or in the case of testing on the road, the vehicle deviates excessively from a straight line — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder) performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Control for electronic retarder does not allow gradual variation in effort — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Warning device not working

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Anti-lock braking system (ABS)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Warning device not working | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Warning device not working — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Warning device not working

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.7

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Electronic braking system (EBS)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Warning device not working | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>


**Defect:** Brake fluid contaminated

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.8

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Brake fluid

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Brake fluid contaminated | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake fluid contaminated — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Excessive roughness in operation of steering

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Steering gear condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Excessive roughness in operation of steering | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Excessive roughness in operation of steering — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Steering linkage operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Steering linkage fouling any part of the vehicle — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Power steering

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Power steering fluid leaking or system malfunctioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Steering column or forks and yokes

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Excessive movement of centre of steering wheel up or down — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.6

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Electronic power steering (EPS)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

EPS MIL indicating a system malfunction — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Wiper not operating or missing

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 3.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Windscreen wipers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Wiper not operating or missing | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

Wiper not operating or missing — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 3.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Windscreen washers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Headlamp alignment

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Headlamp ‘on’ switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Headlamp ‘on’ switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Headlamp ‘on’ switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Headlamp levelling device inoperative

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Levelling devices

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Headlamp levelling device inoperative | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Headlamp levelling device inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements or the rear position lamps can be switched off when the headlamps are on — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.4.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.4.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Flashing frequency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Rate of flashing not between 60 and 120 times per minute — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.5.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

front or rear fog lamp switch inoperative or not operating in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.5.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Front or rear fog lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A reversing lamp inoperative

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.6.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A reversing lamp inoperative | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A reversing lamp inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.6.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Reversing lamp emitted colour or position not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.6.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Reversing lamp switch not operating in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.7.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A rear registration plate lamp throwing direct white light to the rear — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.7.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.9.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A hazard warning lamp tell-tale is not a flashing light — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An axle fractured or deformed

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 5.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Axles

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | An axle fractured or deformed | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

An axle fractured or deformed — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A stub axle fractured

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 5.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Stub axles

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A stub axle fractured | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A stub axle fractured — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 5.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Road wheel condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

Any fracture or welding defect on a wheel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Gas, air and fluid suspension

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A gas, air or fluid suspension system inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Exhaust system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

Exhaust system has a major leak or is insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Spare wheel carrier (if fitted)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A spare wheel carrier fractured or insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Coupling mechanisms and towing equipment

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A towbar component damaged, defective, fractured or corroded — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.12

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Handgrips and footrests

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A handgrip or footrest missing or insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Doors and door catches

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A statutory seat belt missing

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Seat belt fitment and condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A statutory seat belt missing | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

A statutory seat belt missing — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Seat belt load limiters

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

A seat belt load limiter fitted as original equipment obviously missing or a folded webbing type load limiter deployed — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Seat belt pre-tensioners

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

A seat belt pre-tensioner fitted as original equipment obviously missing or deployed — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.5

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Airbags

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

An airbag fitted as original equipment obviously missing — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Supplementary restraint system (SRS)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

An SRS malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) indicates a system malfunction — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.10

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Speed limiter (if required)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

Speed limiter not fitted in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.12

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Electronic stability control (ESC)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

Wheel speed sensors missing or damaged — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Steering lock missing or not functioning

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 7.3

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Anti-theft device

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Steering lock missing or not functioning | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

Steering lock missing or not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Audible warning not working

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.7

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Audible warning (horn)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Audible warning not working | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

Audible warning not working — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Speedometer not fitted where one is required

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.8

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Speedometer

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Speedometer not fitted where one is required | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

Speedometer not fitted where one is required — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Noise suppression system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Exhaust noise levels in excess of those permitted — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer: missing, obviously modified or obviously defective — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limits

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.2.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Gaseous emissions

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limits | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limits — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Exhaust emission control equipment

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer missing, obviously modified or obviously defective — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limit

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.2.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)

**Inspection item:** Opacity

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a) | Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limit | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer’s specified limit — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake servo defective or ineffective

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Brake servo defective or ineffective | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake servo defective or ineffective — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake disc or drum significantly and obviously worn — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance not affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Complete braking system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded to the extent that the braking system is adversely affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than four brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Low-pressure warning

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator malfunctioning or defective — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Valve damaged or excessive air leak

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Brake valves

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Valve damaged or excessive air leak | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Valve damaged or excessive air leak — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Reservoir has minor damage or corrosion — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Braking effort inadequate at a wheel

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at a wheel | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Braking effort inadequate at a wheel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Braking effort inadequate at any wheel

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Braking effort inadequate at any wheel | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Braking effort inadequate at any wheel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.4.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>


**Defect:** Steering gear casing not properly attached

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Steering gear security

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Steering gear casing not properly attached | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Steering gear casing not properly attached — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

A steering linkage component with relative movement between components which should be fixed — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Relative movement between steering wheel and column indicating looseness — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Steering play

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An obstruction within the driver’s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Field of vision

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | An obstruction within the driver’s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

An obstruction within the driver’s field of view that significantly affects his view in front or to the sides outside the swept area of windscreen — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver’s view

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Condition of glass

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver’s view | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured but not adversely affecting driver’s view — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A headlamp with up to ½ light sources not functioning in the case of LED

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A headlamp with up to ½ light sources not functioning in the case of LED | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A headlamp with up to ½ light sources not functioning in the case of LED — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Headlamp cleaning device inoperative

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Headlamp cleaning devices

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Headlamp cleaning device inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A trailer electrical socket insecure

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.10

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A trailer electrical socket insecure | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A trailer electrical socket insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.11

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Electrical wiring insecure or inadequately secured — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.13

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A battery insecure but not likely to fall from carrier — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Lamp multiple light source up to a half not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Lamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Stop lamp(s) with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Stop lamp(s) switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.3.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A stop lamp position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.4.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A direction indicator lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.4.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Switching

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Indicator or hazard warning switch does not operate in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.5.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A front or rear fog lamp with a multiple light source up to 1/2 not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.8.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Reflector defective or damaged by up to 50% of the reflecting surface — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.8.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Reflector colour or position not in accordance with the requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 4.9.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A mandatory tell-tale for direction indicators or hazard warning missing or inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A wheel bearing with excessive play

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Wheel bearings

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A wheel bearing with excessive play | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A wheel bearing with excessive play — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Road wheel and hub

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Tyres

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A tyre load capacity or speed rating not in accordance with the minimum requirements — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Springs

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A spring insecurely attached to chassis or axle — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Shock absorbers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A shock absorber insecurely attached to chassis or axle — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Suspension arms, rods, struts, sub-frames, anti-roll bars etc.

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A suspension component insecurely attached to chassis or axle — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.4

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Suspension joints, pins and bushes

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 5.3.6

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Complete suspension system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/5-axles-wheels-tyres-and-suspension>

The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any sub-frame, spring or suspension component mounting (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** General condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A main load-bearing structural member fractured or deformed such that structural rigidity is significantly reduced — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Fuel system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

Fuel tank, pipe or hose insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Bumpers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

Bumper insecure or with damage likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.7

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Transmission

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A transmission shaft securing bolts loose or missing — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.1.8

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Engine mountings

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

An engine mounting or bracket severely damaged or deteriorated resulting in excessive movement — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Body condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A body panel or body component damaged or corroded and likely to cause injury when grazed or contacted, or insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A body or cab insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Cab and body mounting

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A body or cab insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A body or cab insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.4

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Floor

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A floor excessively deteriorated or insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A driver’s seat with a defective structure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.5

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Driver’s seat

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A driver’s seat with a defective structure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A driver’s seat with a defective structure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.6

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Passenger seats

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A passenger seat with a defective structure or the backrest cannot be retained in the upright position — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.7

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Driving controls

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A driving control necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle not functioning correctly — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A cab step or step ring insecure

**Category:** Minor

**Inspection item number:** 6.2.8

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Cab steps (if fitted)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | A cab step or step ring insecure | Minor

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/6-body-structure-and-attachments>

A cab step or step ring insecure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 7.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Seat belt security

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/7-other-equipment>

The strength or continuity of the load bearing structure within 30cm of any seat belt anchorage (a ’prescribed area’) is significantly reduced or inadequately repaired — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 8.4.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(i)

**Inspection item:** Fluid leaks

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(i) | Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/8-nuisance>

Fluid leaking excessively and likely to harm the environment or to pose a safety risk to other road users — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake servo inoperative

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.10

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Brake servo units and master cylinder (hydraulic systems)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Brake servo inoperative | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake servo inoperative — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.13

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Brake linings and pads

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake lining or pad worn below 1.5mm — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.14

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Brake discs and drums

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Brake disc or drum insecure, fractured or otherwise likely to fail — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.16

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Brake actuators - including spring brakes, hydraulic cylinders and callipers

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Actuator cracked or damaged and braking performance affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.19

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Additional braking device (retarder), if fitted

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Endurance braking system connectors or mountings insecure and functionality affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.21

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Complete braking system

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Other braking system (e.g. antifreeze pump, air dryer etc.) component damaged or corroded leaking and system functionality adversely affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading)

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Air and vacuum systems

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Insufficient pressure/vacuum assistance for less than two brake applications after warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading) — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.4

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Low-pressure warning

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Low-pressure warning gauge or indicator not identifying low-pressure — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.7

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Brake valves

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Valve leaking such that brake functionality is affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 1.1.9

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Pressure storage reservoirs

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Reservoir heavily damaged, heavily corroded or leaking — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Braking effort not recording at a wheel

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at a wheel | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Braking effort not recording at a wheel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.2.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Service brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Braking effort not recording at any wheel

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Performance

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Braking effort not recording at any wheel | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Braking effort not recording at any wheel — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>

Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 1.4.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Efficiency

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/1-brakes>


**Defect:** Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Steering gear security

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Steering gear casing retaining devices dangerously loose or relative movement to chassis/bodywork visible — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 2.1.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Steering linkage condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

A steering linkage component with excessive movement between components or likely to become detached — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 2.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Steering wheel or handlebar condition

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Relative movement between steering wheel and column such that there is a serious risk of detachment — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected

**Category:** Dangerous

**Inspection item number:** 2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Steering play

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected | Dangerous

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/2-steering>

Free play in the steering, measured at the rim of the steering wheel is excessive to the extent that safe steering is affected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** An obstruction significantly affecting the driver’s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 3.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Field of vision

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | An obstruction significantly affecting the driver’s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

An obstruction significantly affecting the driver’s view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver’s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 3.2

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Condition of glass

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver’s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/3-visibility>

Windscreen or window damaged or seriously discoloured and affecting the driver’s view of the road or of an obligatory external mirror — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than ½ not functioning in the case of LED

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than ½ not functioning in the case of LED | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A headlamp missing, inoperative or more than ½ not functioning in the case of LED — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID)

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.1.6

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Headlamp cleaning devices

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID) | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Headlamp cleaning device inoperative in the case of LED or gas discharge systems (HID) — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.10

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Trailer electrical socket

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A trailer electrical socket likely to become detached — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.11

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Electrical wiring

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Electrical wiring insecure and in contact with sharp edges or connectors likely to become disconnected — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.13

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Battery(ies)

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.2.1

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Presence, condition and operation

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than a half not functioning — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts


**Defect:** Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity

**Category:** Major

**Inspection item number:** 4.2.3

**Defect reference:** (a)(ii)

**Inspection item:** Compliance with requirements

**Authority:** DVSA MOT (cars, vans and passenger vehicles, classes 3, 4, 5, 7)

> (a)(ii) | Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity | Major

Source: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/mot-inspection-manual-for-private-passenger-and-light-commercial-vehicles/4-lamps-reflectors-and-electrical-equipment>

Lamp showing red light to the front, white light to the rear or has heavily reduced light intensity — Vehicle inspection defect categories: MOT major, minor and dangerous verdicts