{ "name": "State Right-to-Repair Laws: Coverage, Requirements, and Effective Dates", "description": "Which US states have enacted right-to-repair laws, what products each law covers (electronics, agricultural equipment, powered wheelchairs, automobiles), the price threshold above which parts and documentation must be provided, whether parts-pairing is prohibited, the enforcement mechanism (state AG only vs. private right of action), penalty amounts, and the effective date. As of August 2026, at least 8 states have enacted laws and 28+ have pending legislation.", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/", "licence": "unknown", "last_verified": "2026-08-15", "stale_after": "2026-11-13", "sources": [ "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB244", "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1121", "https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/right-to-repair-a-growing-trend-for-states-creating-compliance-challenges-for-manufacturers", "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB1596/Enrolled" ], "records": [ { "state": "California", "law_citation": "SB 244 (Right to Repair Act)", "effective_date": "July 1, 2024", "covered_products": "electronic or appliance products", "price_threshold": "$50 for 3-year parts/documentation availability; $100 for 7-year availability", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "not addressed", "excluded_products": "alarm systems (including fire protection systems), video game consoles, products no longer provided by manufacturer to authorized repair providers", "enforcement": "city, county, or state may bring civil action in superior court; no private cause of action", "max_penalty": "$1,000/day for first violation, $2,000/day for second violation, $5,000/day for third and subsequent violations", "id": "california", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/california/", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB244", "source_quote": "A city, a county, a city and county, or the state may bring an action in superior court to impose civil liability on a person or entity that knowingly violated this chapter, or reasonably should have known that it violated this chapter, in the amount of one thousand dollars ($1,000) per day for the first violation of this chapter, two thousand dollars ($2,000) per day for the second violation, and five thousand dollars ($5,000) per day for the third and subsequent violations.", "verified_fields": [ "enforcement", "max_penalty" ] }, { "state": "Colorado", "law_citation": "HB24-1121 (Consumer Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment)", "effective_date": "January 1, 2026", "covered_products": "digital electronic equipment, agricultural equipment, powered wheelchairs", "price_threshold": "not specified", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "true, for digital electronic equipment manufactured and sold or used in Colorado after January 1, 2026", "excluded_products": "marine vessels, aviation and motor vehicles, medical devices other than powered wheelchairs, certain safety and security equipment, certain construction- and energy-related equipment, video game consoles", "enforcement": "deceptive trade practice; private cause of action available", "max_penalty": "$20,000 per violation (as deceptive trade practice)", "id": "colorado", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/colorado/", "source": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1121", "source_quote": "Beginning January 1, 2026, the act expands the scope of the right-to-repair statutes to include digital electronic equipment manufactured and sold or used for the first time in Colorado on or after July 1, 2021.", "verified_fields": [ "effective_date", "state" ] }, { "state": "Massachusetts", "law_citation": "An Act Relative to Automotive Repair (Ch. 93K)", "effective_date": "2013", "covered_products": "automobiles", "price_threshold": "not specified", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "not addressed", "excluded_products": "non-automotive products (law is specific to automobiles)", "enforcement": "unfair method of competition and unfair or deceptive act; private cause of action available (after written notice to manufacturer through NASTF process)", "max_penalty": "$10,000 for each violation", "id": "massachusetts", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/massachusetts/", "source": "https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/right-to-repair-a-growing-trend-for-states-creating-compliance-challenges-for-manufacturers", "source_quote": " Massachusetts Massachusetts\u2019 right to repair law, An Act Relative to Automotive Repair, [14] centers on automobiles. Under this law, consumers have the right to have their vehicle serviced at any repair facility. Similar to New York and Minnesota, this law also requires manufacturers to give independent repair facilities access to the manufacturer\u2019s diagnostic and repair information systems (such as navigation and GPS). Any violation of the state\u2019s right to repair law is considered an \u201cunfair method of competition and an unfair or deceptive act.\u201d [15] Owners and independent repair facilities can file a private cause of action for violation of this statute under Section 6(c). This can only occur after the independent repair facility or owner notifies the manufacturer, in writing, through the National Automotive Service Task Force Service Information Request process detailing the alleged complaint and allows the manufacturer an opportunity to cure the issue. In Massachusetts, civil penalties are available up to $10,000 for each violation.", "verified_fields": [ "covered_products", "effective_date", "enforcement", "max_penalty", "state" ] }, { "state": "Minnesota", "law_citation": "Digital Fair Repair Act (Minn. Stat. \u00a7 325E.72)", "effective_date": "July 1, 2024", "covered_products": "digital electronic equipment", "price_threshold": "not specified", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "not addressed", "excluded_products": "farm machinery, portable generators, motor vehicles, cybersecurity products, medical equipment and devices, video game consoles", "enforcement": "deceptive trade practice; private cause of action under Deceptive Trade Practices Act; attorney general enforcement", "max_penalty": "$25,000 (attorney general civil penalty)", "id": "minnesota", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/minnesota/", "source": "https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/right-to-repair-a-growing-trend-for-states-creating-compliance-challenges-for-manufacturers", "source_quote": "[8] Minnesota Much like New York\u2019s law and yet, known as the \u201cbroadest one,\u201d Minnesota\u2019s Digital Fair Repair Act [9] requires equipment manufacturers to share software, diagnostics, or any documentation needed to make repairs on digital electronic equipment with independent repair providers.", "verified_fields": [ "covered_products", "state" ] }, { "state": "New York", "law_citation": "Digital Fair Repair Act (S.R. 1320)", "effective_date": "July 1, 2023", "covered_products": "digital electronic equipment", "price_threshold": "not specified", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "not addressed", "excluded_products": "refrigerators, ovens, microwaves, air conditioning/heating units, security or alarm systems, gaming or entertainment consoles", "enforcement": "Office of the Attorney General enforcement; no private cause of action", "max_penalty": "$500 per violation", "id": "new-york", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/new-york/", "source": "https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/right-to-repair-a-growing-trend-for-states-creating-compliance-challenges-for-manufacturers", "source_quote": "[5] New York New York\u2019s Digital Fair Repair Act [6] requires digital electronic equipment manufacturers to make repair information and parts available to consumers and third-party repair services. New York also requires that any tools, parts, and information that are available to employees also be made available to consumers. [7] New York\u2019s new regulations apply to products sold starting on July 1, 2023 and excludes: Refrigerators, ovens, microwaves; Air conditioning/heating units; Security or alarm systems; and Gaming or entertainment consoles. Under the Repair Act, the Office of the Attorney General (\u201cOAG\u201d) is tasked with enforcing this law and is authorized to investigate potential violations and take action when appropriate, including seeking restitution and civil penalties up to $500 per violation.", "verified_fields": [ "covered_products", "effective_date", "enforcement", "excluded_products", "max_penalty", "state" ] }, { "state": "Oregon", "law_citation": "SB 1596 (consumer electronic equipment right to repair)", "effective_date": "January 1, 2025", "covered_products": "consumer electronic equipment", "price_threshold": "not specified", "parts_pairing_prohibited": "true, for consumer electronic equipment manufactured for the first time, and first sold or used in Oregon, after January 1, 2025", "excluded_products": "motor vehicles, medical devices, HVAC equipment, solar energy systems, electrical energy storage systems, video game consoles, off-road equipment including farm and utility tractors, marine vessels, electric toothbrushes", "enforcement": "attorney general may bring civil action in response to consumer complaint", "max_penalty": "$1,000 for each day in which the violation continues", "id": "oregon", "url": "https://referencesource.org/state-right-to-repair-laws/oregon/", "source": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB1596/Enrolled", "source_quote": "If the Attorney General finds in response to a complaint from a consumer that a person has violated section 1 of this 2024 Act, the Attorney General may bring a civil action in a circuit court of this state to: (a) Impose a civil penalty of not more than $1,000 for each day in which the violation continues; or (b) Obtain an injunction to restrain the violation.", "verified_fields": [ "enforcement", "max_penalty" ] } ] }