{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "asset_type": "validity-period", "body": "How long a federally required medical certificate remains valid for each regulated transport occupation, and what it depends on. FAA pilot medicals (14 CFR 61.23) cascade by class and age \u2014 a first-class certificate carries first-class privileges to the 12th month for pilots under 40 but only the 6th month at 40 or older, then downgrades to second- and third-class privileges on a schedule; commercial drivers need a medical examiner's certificate on a cycle set by 49 CFR 391.45; merchant mariner medical certificates run 2 years for STCW service but 5 years for national-only credentials, and only 1 year for mariners under 18 (46 CFR 10.301). Same question \u2014 'how long is my medical good for?' \u2014 three regulators, three completely different answer structures. Answers 'how long is a first class medical valid for a 45-year-old pilot?', 'how often does a truck driver need a DOT physical?', 'why is my mariner medical certificate only valid two years?'\n", "description": "How long a federally required medical certificate remains valid for each regulated transport occupation, and what it depends on. FAA pilot medicals (14 CFR 61.23) cascade by class and age \u2014 a first-class certificate carries first-class privileges to the 12th month for pilots under 40 but only the 6th month at 40 or older, then downgrades to second- and third-class privileges on a schedule; commercial drivers need a medical examiner's certificate on a cycle set by 49 CFR 391.45; merchant mariner medical certificates run 2 years for STCW service but 5 years for national-only credentials, and only 1 year for mariners under 18 (46 CFR 10.301). Same question \u2014 'how long is my medical good for?' \u2014 three regulators, three completely different answer structures. Answers 'how long is a first class medical valid for a 45-year-old pilot?', 'how often does a truck driver need a DOT physical?', 'why is my mariner medical certificate only valid two years?'", "file": "index.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "key_field": "credential", "licence": "All sources are eCFR (US government work, public domain). We take facts plus short attributed quotes linking back.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23", "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301", "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "dataset", "verified": false}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** first-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any age\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate\n\n**Valid for:** 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Any age", "credential": "first-class medical certificate", "file": "a-commercial-pilot-certificate-other-than-a-commercial-pilot-certificate-with-a--any-age-first-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-commercial-pilot-certificate-other-than-a-commercial-pilot-certificate-with-a--any-age-first-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate", "source_quote": "(1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "first-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** first-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Age 40 or older\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iv) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (v) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Age 40 or older", "credential": "first-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-first-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-first-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iv) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (v) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "first-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** second-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Age 40 or older\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Age 40 or older", "credential": "second-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-second-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-second-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "second-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** third-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Age 40 or older\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (3) A third-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Age 40 or older", "credential": "third-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-third-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-age-40-or-older-third-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(3) A third-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "third-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** first-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Under age 40\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iv) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Under age 40", "credential": "first-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-first-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-first-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iii) Any age | a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (iv) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "first-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** second-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Under age 40\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Under age 40", "credential": "second-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-second-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-second-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "second-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** third-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Under age 40\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)\n\n**Valid for:** 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (3) A third-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Under age 40", "credential": "third-class medical certificate", "file": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-third-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "a-recreational-pilot-certificate-a-private-pilot-certificate-a-flight-instructor-under-age-40-third-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)", "source_quote": "(3) A third-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification) | 60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "third-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** all other mariners\n\n**Valid for:** 5 years\n\n**Citation:** 46 CFR 10.301\n\n> ( 2 ) Medical certificates issued to all other mariners will be issued for a maximum period of 5 years.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301>\n", "citation": "46 CFR 10.301", "condition": "all other mariners", "credential": "medical certificate", "file": "all-other-mariners-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "all-other-mariners-medical-certificate", "occupation": "merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)", "source_quote": "( 2 ) Medical certificates issued to all other mariners will be issued for a maximum period of 5 years.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "5 years", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** first-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Age 40 or older\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday\n\n**Valid for:** 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Age 40 or older", "credential": "first-class medical certificate", "file": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-pilot-in-command-privileges-for-secon-age-40-or-older-first-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-pilot-in-command-privileges-for-secon-age-40-or-older-first-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday", "source_quote": "(1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate. | | (ii) Age 40 or older | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday. | 6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "first-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** first-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Under age 40\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots\n\n**Valid for:** 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Under age 40", "credential": "first-class medical certificate", "file": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-pilot-in-command-privileges-or-for-se-under-age-40-first-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-pilot-in-command-privileges-or-for-se-under-age-40-first-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots", "source_quote": "(1) A first-class medical certificate | (i) Under age 40 | an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "first-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** pilot (FAA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** second-class medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any age\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges\n\n**Valid for:** 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate\n\n**Citation:** 14 CFR 61.23\n\n> (2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23>\n", "citation": "14 CFR 61.23", "condition": "Any age", "credential": "second-class medical certificate", "file": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-second-in-command-privileges-any-age-second-class-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "an-airline-transport-pilot-certificate-for-second-in-command-privileges-any-age-second-class-medical-certificate", "occupation": "pilot (FAA)", "operation": "an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges", "source_quote": "(2) A second-class medical certificate | (i) Any age | an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/section-61.23#p-61.23(d)(1)> paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate (other than a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating when conducting flight training), a flight engineer certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate | 12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-61/subpart-A/section-61.23"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "second-class medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medical examiner's certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both\n\n**Valid for:** 12 months\n\n**Citation:** 49 CFR 391.45\n\n> ( f ) Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.41#p-391.41(b)(10)(i)> \u00a7 391.41(b)(10)(i) and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.44> \u00a7 391.44 , if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45>\n", "citation": "49 CFR 391.45", "condition": "Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both", "credential": "medical examiner's certificate", "file": "any-driver-who-does-not-satisfy-with-the-worse-eye-either-the-distant-visual-acu-medical-examiner-s-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "any-driver-who-does-not-satisfy-with-the-worse-eye-either-the-distant-visual-acu-medical-examiner-s-certificate", "occupation": "commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)", "source_quote": "( f ) Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.41#p-391.41(b)(10)(i)> \u00a7 391.41(b)(10)(i) and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.44> \u00a7 391.44 , if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medical examiner's certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12 months", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medical examiner's certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control\n\n**Valid for:** 12 months\n\n**Citation:** 49 CFR 391.45\n\n> ( e ) Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.46> \u00a7 391.46 , if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45>\n", "citation": "49 CFR 391.45", "condition": "Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control", "credential": "medical examiner's certificate", "file": "any-driver-who-has-diabetes-mellitus-treated-with-insulin-for-control-medical-examiner-s-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "any-driver-who-has-diabetes-mellitus-treated-with-insulin-for-control-medical-examiner-s-certificate", "occupation": "commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)", "source_quote": "( e ) Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.46> \u00a7 391.46 , if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medical examiner's certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12 months", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months\n\n**Valid for:** 24 months\n\n**Citation:** 49 CFR 391.45\n\n> ( b ) Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months,\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45>\n", "citation": "49 CFR 391.45", "condition": "Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months", "credential": "medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle", "file": "any-driver-who-has-not-been-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-ope-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-operate-a-commercial-motor-vehi.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "any-driver-who-has-not-been-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-ope-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-operate-a-commercial-motor-vehi", "occupation": "commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)", "source_quote": "( b ) Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months,", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "24 months", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** onboard vessels to which STCW applies\n\n**Valid for:** valid for 2 years\n\n**Citation:** 46 CFR 10.301\n\n> ( 1 ) All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies will be issued a medical certificate valid for 2 years unless the mariner is under the age of 18, in which case the maximum period of validity will be 1 year.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301>\n", "citation": "46 CFR 10.301", "condition": "All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies", "credential": "medical certificate", "file": "onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-all-persons-employed-or-engaged-onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-all-persons-employed-or-engaged-onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-medical-certificate", "occupation": "merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)", "operation": "onboard vessels to which STCW applies", "source_quote": "( 1 ) All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies will be issued a medical certificate valid for 2 years unless the mariner is under the age of 18, in which case the maximum period of validity will be 1 year.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "valid for 2 years", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medical certificate\n\n**Age / service condition:** the mariner is under the age of 18\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** onboard vessels to which STCW applies\n\n**Valid for:** 1 year\n\n**Citation:** 46 CFR 10.301\n\n> ( 1 ) All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies will be issued a medical certificate valid for 2 years unless the mariner is under the age of 18, in which case the maximum period of validity will be 1 year.\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301>\n", "citation": "46 CFR 10.301", "condition": "the mariner is under the age of 18", "credential": "medical certificate", "file": "onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-the-mariner-is-under-the-age-of-18-medical-certificate.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "onboard-vessels-to-which-stcw-applies-the-mariner-is-under-the-age-of-18-medical-certificate", "occupation": "merchant mariner (US Coast Guard)", "operation": "onboard vessels to which STCW applies", "source_quote": "( 1 ) All persons employed or engaged onboard vessels to which STCW applies will be issued a medical certificate valid for 2 years unless the mariner is under the age of 18, in which case the maximum period of validity will be 1 year.", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-46/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-10/subpart-C/section-10.301"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medical certificate \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "1 year", "verified": true}
{"asset": "medical-certificate-validity-by-occupation", "body": "**Occupation / regulator:** commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)\n\n**Certificate and class:** medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone\n\n**Age / service condition:** Any driver authorized to operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone\n\n**Operation / activity covered:** operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone\n\n**Valid for:** 12 months\n\n**Citation:** 49 CFR 391.45\n\n> ( c ) Any driver authorized to operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone pursuant to <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.62> \u00a7 391.62 , if such driver has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone during the preceding 12 months;\n\nSource: <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45>\n", "citation": "49 CFR 391.45", "condition": "Any driver authorized to operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone", "credential": "medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone", "file": "operate-a-commercial-motor-vehicle-only-within-an-exempt-intracity-zone-any-driver-authorized-to-operate-a-commercial-motor-vehicle-only-within-an-exemp-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-drive-in-such-zone.md", "generated": true, "harvested": "2026-08-11", "id": "operate-a-commercial-motor-vehicle-only-within-an-exempt-intracity-zone-any-driver-authorized-to-operate-a-commercial-motor-vehicle-only-within-an-exemp-medically-examined-and-certified-as-qualified-to-drive-in-such-zone", "occupation": "commercial motor vehicle driver (FMCSA)", "operation": "operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone", "source_quote": "( c ) Any driver authorized to operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone pursuant to <https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/section-391.62> \u00a7 391.62 , if such driver has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone during the preceding 12 months;", "sources": ["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-391/subpart-E/section-391.45"], "stale_after": "2027-08-11", "title": "medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone \u2014 How long medical certificates last for pilots, commercial drivers and merchant mariners \u2014 by class, age and service type", "type": "validity-period", "validity_period": "12 months", "verified": true}