{
  "name": "US graduated driver licensing requirements by state",
  "description": "Graduated driver licensing (GDL) requirements for each US state: minimum ages, mandatory hold periods, supervised driving hours, nighttime restrictions, passenger restrictions, and the conditions to lift each restriction. One row per state. Answers 'how long do I have to hold my permit in [state]?' and 'what are the restrictions on a provisional license in [state]?' \u2014 questions where assistants flatten the footnotes into wrong answers.",
  "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/",
  "licence": "Facts extracted from IIHS research publication; statutory requirements are not copyrightable",
  "last_verified": "2026-08-05",
  "stale_after": "2027-08-05",
  "sources": [
    "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table"
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "state": "AK",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night or in inclement weather",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "1 a.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ak",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ak/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "AK | 14 | 6 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night or in inclement weather | 16 | 1 a.m.-5 a.m. | no passengers younger than 21 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "AL",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours (none with driver education)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than one passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "al",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/al/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "AL | 15 Footnote 1 | 6 months Footnote 1 | 50 hours (none with driver education) | 16 | midnight-6 a.m. | no more than one passenger | age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17) | age 17 and licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "AR",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "none",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-4 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "id": "ar",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ar/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "AR | 14 Footnote 3 | 6 months Footnote 3 | none | 16 Footnote 4 | 11 p.m.-4 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 | age 18 | age 18"
    },
    {
      "state": "AZ",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "30 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "az",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/az/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "AZ | 15, 6 months Footnote 2 | 6 months | 30 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education) | 16 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 secondary enforcement | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "CA",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "ca",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ca/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "CA | 15, 6 months Footnote 5 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 5 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no passengers younger than 20 (limited exception for immediate family) secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "CO",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers; second 6 months\u2014no more than one passenger secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "co",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/co/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "CO | 15 Footnote 6 | 12 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | first 6 months\u2014no passengers; second 6 months\u2014no more than one passenger secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "CT",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months (4 months with driver education)",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 4 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m. - 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor; second 6 months\u2014no passengers other than parents, driving instructor or members of the immediate family",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 4 mos.)",
      "id": "ct",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ct/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "CT | 16 Footnote 7 | 6 months Footnote 7 (4 months with driver education) | 40 hours Footnote 7 | 16, 4 months Footnote 7 | 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014no passengers other than parents or a driving instructor; second 6 months\u2014no passengers other than parents, driving instructor or members of the immediate family | age 18 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 4 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "DC",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours in learner\u2019s stage; 10 hours at night in intermediate stage",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "September\u2013June: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.\u2013Thur., 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Sat.\u2013Sun.; July\u2013August: 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)",
      "id": "dc",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/dc/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "DC | 16 Footnote 9 | 6 months Footnote 9 | 40 hours in learner\u2019s stage; 10 hours at night in intermediate stage | 16, 6 months Footnote 10 | September\u2013June: 11 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.\u2013Thur., 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Sat.\u2013Sun.; July\u2013August: 12:01 a.m.-6 a.m. Footnote 10 | no passengers Footnote 10 | licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18) Footnote 10 | licensed 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18) Footnote 10"
    },
    {
      "state": "DE",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "de",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/de/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "DE | 16 Footnote 8 | 6 months Footnote 8 | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 8 | 16, 6 months Footnote 8 | 10 p.m.-6 a.m. Footnote 8 | no more than 1 passenger Footnote 8 | licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "FL",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds",
      "passenger_restriction": "none",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none",
      "id": "fl",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/fl/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "FL | 15 Footnote 11 | 12 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | 11 p.m.-6 a.m. for 16 year-olds; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. for 17 year-olds | none | age 18 | none"
    },
    {
      "state": "GA",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 6 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers; second 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "id": "ga",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ga/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "GA | 15 | 12 months | 40 hours, 6 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 12 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | first 6 months\u2014no passengers; second 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18"
    },
    {
      "state": "HI",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 (household members excepted)",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "hi",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/hi/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "HI | 15, 6 months | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 13 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 (household members excepted) | licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months and age 17 (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "IA",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "20 hours, 2 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "12:30 a.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "parental discretion",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none",
      "id": "ia",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ia/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "IA | 14 Footnote 19 | 12 months | 20 hours, 2 of which must be at night Footnote 20 | 16 Footnote 20 , Footnote 21 | 12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. | parental discretion Footnote 22 | licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | none"
    },
    {
      "state": "ID",
      "learner_min_age": "14, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "15",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "licensees 16 and younger can have no more than 1 passenger younger than 17",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 16",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 17 (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "id",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/id/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "ID | 14, 6 months Footnote 14 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 15 Footnote 14 | 10 p.m.-5 a.m. | licensees 16 and younger can have no more than 1 passenger younger than 17 | age 16 | licensed for 6 months or age 17 (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "IL",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "9 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "starts 10 p.m. Sun.-Thur., 11 p.m. Fri.-Sat., ends 6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 20",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18 (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "il",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/il/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "IL | 15 Footnote 15 | 9 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 16 | starts 10 p.m. Sun.-Thur., 11 p.m. Fri.-Sat., ends 6 a.m. | first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 20 | age 18 | licensed for 12 months or age 18 (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "IN",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "first 6 months, 10 p.m.-5 a.m.; thereafter, 11 p.m.-5 a.m. Sun.\u2013Fri.; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. Sat.\u2013Sun.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18 and licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age 18)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos. or 17, 3 mos. without driver education)",
      "id": "in",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/in/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "IN | 15 Footnote 17 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 17 | first 6 months, 10 p.m.-5 a.m.; thereafter, 11 p.m.-5 a.m. Sun.\u2013Fri.; 1 a.m.-5 a.m. Sat.\u2013Sun. Footnote 18 | no passengers Footnote 18 | age 18 and licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age 18) Footnote 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos. or 17, 3 mos. without driver education) Footnote 18"
    },
    {
      "state": "KS",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "25 hours, in learner phase; 25 hours before age 16; 10 of the 50 hours must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "9 p.m. - 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than one passenger younger than 18",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ks",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ks/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "KS | 14 Footnote 23 | 12 months | 25 hours, in learner phase; 25 hours before age 16; 10 of the 50 hours must be at night Footnote 23 | 16 Footnote 23 | 9 p.m. - 5 a.m. | no more than one passenger younger than 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "KY",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "60 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 20 unless supervised by a driving instructor secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "ky",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ky/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "KY | 15 Footnote 24 | 6 months Footnote 24 | 60 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 24 | 16 | midnight-6 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 20 unless supervised by a driving instructor secondary enforcement | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "LA",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 15 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m. - 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than one passenger younger than 21 between the hours of 6 pm-5 am; no passenger restriction from 5 am-6 pm",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 17",
      "id": "la",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/la/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "LA | 15 | 6 months | 50 hours, 15 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 25 | 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. | no more than one passenger younger than 21 between the hours of 6 pm-5 am; no passenger restriction from 5 am-6 pm | age 17 | age 17"
    },
    {
      "state": "MA",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. (between 12:30 a.m.-1 a.m. and 4 a.m.-5 a.m. the night driving and passenger restrictions are subject to secondary enforcement; enforcement is primary at all other times)",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 18 (between 12:30 am\u20131 am and 4 am\u20135 am the night driving and passenger restrictions are secondarily enforced; enforcement is primary at all other times)",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "ma",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ma/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MA | 16 Footnote 31 | 6 months Footnote 31 | 40 hours Footnote 32 | 16, 6 months Footnote 33 | 12:30 a.m.-5 a.m. (between 12:30 a.m.-1 a.m. and 4 a.m.-5 a.m. the night driving and passenger restrictions are subject to secondary enforcement; enforcement is primary at all other times) | no passengers younger than 18 (between 12:30 am\u20131 am and 4 am\u20135 am the night driving and passenger restrictions are secondarily enforced; enforcement is primary at all other times) | age 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "MD",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 9 months",
      "holding_period": "9 months",
      "supervised_hours": "60 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 18 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 5 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 11 mos.)",
      "id": "md",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/md/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MD | 15, 9 months Footnote 27 | 9 months Footnote 28 | 60 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 29 | 16, 6 months | midnight-5 a.m. Footnote 30 | no passengers younger than 18 Footnote 30 secondary enforcement | age 18 | licensed for 5 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 11 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "ME",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "70 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)",
      "id": "me",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/me/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "ME | 15 Footnote 26 | 6 months Footnote 26 | 70 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 26 | midnight-5 a.m. Footnote 26 | no passengers Footnote 26 | licensed for 9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.) Footnote 26 | licensed for 9 months (min. age: 16, 9 mos.) Footnote 26"
    },
    {
      "state": "MI",
      "learner_min_age": "14, 9 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 or age 18 (min. age 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months and age 17 or age 18 (min. age 17)",
      "id": "mi",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/mi/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MI | 14, 9 months Footnote 34 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 35 | 10 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 | licensed for 6 months and age 17 or age 18 (min. age 17) | licensed for 6 months and age 17 or age 18 (min. age 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "MN",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 15 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 20; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 20",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "mn",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/mn/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MN | 15 Footnote 36 | 6 months Footnote 37 | 40 hours, 15 of which must be at night Footnote 38 | 16 Footnote 39 | midnight-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 20; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 20 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "MO",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "1 a.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 19; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 19",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "id": "mo",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/mo/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MO | 15 | 6 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | 1 a.m.-5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 19; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 19 | age 18 Footnote 41 | age 18 Footnote 41"
    },
    {
      "state": "MS",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "none",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.-Thur., 11:30 p.m.-6 a.m. Fri.-Sat.",
      "passenger_restriction": "none",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none",
      "id": "ms",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ms/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MS | 15 | 12 months | none | 16 Footnote 40 | 10 p.m.-6 a.m. Sun.-Thur., 11:30 p.m.-6 a.m. Fri.-Sat. | none | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | none"
    },
    {
      "state": "MT",
      "learner_min_age": "14, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "15",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 18",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16)",
      "id": "mt",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/mt/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "MT | 14, 6 months Footnote 42 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 43 | 15 Footnote 44 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 18 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NC",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "9 months",
      "supervised_hours": "60 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "9 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "nc",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nc/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NC | 15 Footnote 53 , Footnote 54 | 9 months | 60 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 55 , Footnote 56 | 9 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 Footnote 57 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "ND",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16; 15 for a parent requested restricted license",
      "nighttime_restriction": "The holder of a restricted license may only drive a car belonging to a parent or guardian and may not drive between the later of sunset or 9 p.m. and 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "none",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 16",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "none",
      "id": "nd",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nd/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "ND | 14 | 16; 15 for a parent requested restricted license Footnote 58 | The holder of a restricted license may only drive a car belonging to a parent or guardian and may not drive between the later of sunset or 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. | none | age 16 | none"
    },
    {
      "state": "NE",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-6 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 19 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ne",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ne/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NE | 15 Footnote 45 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education) | 16 | midnight-6 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 19 secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NH",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "none",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "1 a.m.-4 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 25",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "nh",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nh/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NH | 15, 6 months Footnote 47 | none | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 | 1 a.m.-4 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 25 | age 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NJ",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "17",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m. - 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger (exception is limited to drivers' dependents)",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)",
      "id": "nj",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nj/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NJ | 16 Footnote 48 | 6 months Footnote 48 | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 17 Footnote 48 | 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger (exception is limited to drivers' dependents) | licensed for 12 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18) | licensed for 12 months or age 21, whichever occurs first (min. age: 18)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NM",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "nm",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nm/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NM | 15 Footnote 49 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 15, 6 months Footnote 50 | midnight-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NV",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with defensive driving course)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers younger than 18 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "nv",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/nv/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NV | 15, 6 months | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with defensive driving course) | 16 Footnote 46 | 10 p.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no passengers younger than 18 secondary enforcement | age 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "NY",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 15 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "9 p.m.-5 a.m. except for NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised driving)",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17 with driver education; age 18 without (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 17 with driver education; age 18 without (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "ny",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ny/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "NY | 16 | 6 months | 50 hours, 15 of which must be at night | 16, 6 months | 9 p.m.-5 a.m. except for NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised driving) Footnote 51 | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 Footnote 51 | age 17 with driver education; age 18 without (min. age: 17) Footnote 52 | age 17 with driver education; age 18 without (min. age: 17) Footnote 52"
    },
    {
      "state": "OH",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-6 a.m. (first 12 months), 1 a.m.-5 a.m. (second 12 months) secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 24 months (min. age: 18)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "oh",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/oh/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "OH | 15, 6 months | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 59 | midnight-6 a.m. (first 12 months), 1 a.m.-5 a.m. (second 12 months) secondary enforcement | first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger | licensed for 24 months (min. age: 18) | licensed for 12 months (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "OK",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months with driver education, or 12 months without or age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months with driver education, 12 months without or age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ok",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ok/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "OK | 15 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 60 | 16 | 10 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger Footnote 61 | licensed for 6 months with driver education, or 12 months without or age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 6 months with driver education, 12 months without or age 18 (min age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "OR",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours (100 hours without driver education)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2013no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2013no more than 3 passengers younger than 20",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "or",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/or/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "OR | 15 | 6 months | 50 hours Footnote 62 (100 hours without driver education) | 16 Footnote 62 | midnight-5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2013no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2013no more than 3 passengers younger than 20 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "PA",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "65 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 5 of which must be in inclement weather",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014 no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 with driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 with driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "pa",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/pa/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "PA | 16 | 6 months | 65 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 5 of which must be in inclement weather | 16, 6 months | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014 no more than 1 passenger younger than 18; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers | licensed for 12 months and age 17 with driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months and age 17 with driver education or age 18 (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "RI",
      "learner_min_age": "16",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "1 a.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ri",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ri/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "RI | 16 Footnote 63 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16, 6 months Footnote 64 | 1 a.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "SC",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "6 p.m.-6 a.m. EST; 8 p.m.-6 a.m. EDT",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 2 passengers younger than 21 unless transporting students to and from school",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "sc",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/sc/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "SC | 15 | 6 months Footnote 65 | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 15, 6 months | 6 p.m.-6 a.m. EST; 8 p.m.-6 a.m. EDT | no more than 2 passengers younger than 21 unless transporting students to and from school | licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) | licensed for 12 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "SD",
      "learner_min_age": "14",
      "holding_period": "9 months (6 months with driver education)",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 10 of which must be during inclement weather",
      "intermediate_min_age": "14, 9 months (14, 6 months with driver education)",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m.-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers; thereafter\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 18",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 16",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 16, whichever occurs first (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "sd",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/sd/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "SD | 14 Footnote 66 | 9 months (6 months with driver education) | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night and 10 of which must be during inclement weather | 14, 9 months (14, 6 months with driver education) | 10 p.m.-6 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014no passengers; thereafter\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 | age 16 | licensed for 6 months or age 16, whichever occurs first (min. age: 15, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "TN",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-6 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "tn",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/tn/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "TN | 15 Footnote 67 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 67 | 16 | 11 p.m.-6 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "TX",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "30 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "id": "tx",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/tx/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "TX | 15 Footnote 68 | 6 months | 30 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 69 | midnight-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | no more than 1 passenger younger than 21 secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18"
    },
    {
      "state": "UT",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no passengers secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 17",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "ut",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/ut/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "UT | 15 Footnote 70 | 6 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 70 , Footnote 71 | 16 Footnote 72 | midnight-5 a.m. | no passengers secondary enforcement | age 17 | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "VA",
      "learner_min_age": "15, 6 months",
      "holding_period": "9 months",
      "supervised_hours": "45 hours, 15 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16, 3 months",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-4 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 21 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "age 18",
      "id": "va",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/va/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "VA | 15, 6 months Footnote 74 | 9 months Footnote 74 | 45 hours, 15 of which must be at night | 16, 3 months Footnote 75 | midnight-4 a.m. Footnote 74 secondary enforcement | first 12 months\u2014no more than 1 passenger younger than 21; thereafter, no more than 3 passengers younger than 21 secondary enforcement | age 18 | age 18"
    },
    {
      "state": "VT",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "12 months",
      "supervised_hours": "40 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "none",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 3 months\u2014no passengers without exception; second 3 months\u2014no passengers secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "none",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "vt",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/vt/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "VT | 15 | 12 months | 40 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 73 | none | first 3 months\u2014no passengers without exception; second 3 months\u2014no passengers secondary enforcement | none | licensed for 6 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "WA",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "1 a.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 20 secondary enforcement",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "wa",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/wa/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "WA | 15 Footnote 76 | 6 months | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 77 | 1 a.m.-5 a.m. secondary enforcement | first 6 months\u2014no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2014no more than 3 passengers younger than 20 secondary enforcement | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) Footnote 78"
    },
    {
      "state": "WI",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "midnight-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 9 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 9 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)",
      "id": "wi",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/wi/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "WI | 15 Footnote 80 | 6 months Footnote 80 | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night Footnote 80 | 16 Footnote 81 | midnight-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger | licensed for 9 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.) | licensed for 9 months or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 9 mos.)"
    },
    {
      "state": "WV",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "6 months",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education)",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "10 p.m. - 5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "first 6 months\u2014no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2013no more than 1 passenger younger than 20",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)",
      "id": "wv",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/wv/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "WV | 15 Footnote 79 | 6 months Footnote 79 | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night (none with driver education) | 16 | 10 p.m. - 5 a.m. | first 6 months\u2014no passengers younger than 20; second 6 months\u2013no more than 1 passenger younger than 20 | licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17) | licensed for 12 months and age 17 or age 18, whichever occurs first (min. age: 17)"
    },
    {
      "state": "WY",
      "learner_min_age": "15",
      "holding_period": "10 days",
      "supervised_hours": "50 hours, 10 of which must be at night",
      "intermediate_min_age": "16",
      "nighttime_restriction": "11 p.m.-5 a.m.",
      "passenger_restriction": "no more than 1 passenger younger than 18",
      "night_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "passenger_restriction_lifted": "licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.)",
      "id": "wy",
      "url": "https://referencesource.org/graduated-driver-licensing/wy/",
      "source": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/teenagers/graduated-licensing-laws-table",
      "source_quote": "WY | 15 | 10 days | 50 hours, 10 of which must be at night | 16 Footnote 82 | 11 p.m.-5 a.m. | no more than 1 passenger younger than 18 | licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) Footnote 82 | licensed for 6 months or age 17, whichever occurs first (min. age: 16, 6 mos.) Footnote 82"
    }
  ]
}